1
|
Xie H, Jiang Y, Xiang Y, Wu B, Zhao J, Huang R, Wang M, Wang Y, Liu J, Wu D, Tian D, Bian E. Super-enhancer-driven LIF promotes the mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by activating ITGB2 signaling feedback in microglia. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1438-1452. [PMID: 38554116 PMCID: PMC11300025 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mesenchymal (MES) subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) is believed to be influenced by both cancer cell-intrinsic alterations and extrinsic cellular interactions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. METHODS Identification of microglial heterogeneity by bioinformatics analysis. Transwell migration, invasion assays, and tumor models were used to determine gene function and the role of small molecule inhibitors. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS We identified the inflammatory microglial subtype of tumor-associated microglia (TAM) and found that its specific gene integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) was highly expressed in TAM of MES GBM tissues. Mechanistically, the activation of ITGB2 in microglia promoted the interaction between the SH2 domain of STAT3 and the cytoplasmic domain of ITGB2, thereby stimulating the JAK1/STAT3/IL-6 signaling feedback to promote the MES transition of GBM cells. Additionally, microglia communicated with GBM cells through the interaction between the receptor ITGB2 on microglia and the ligand ICAM-1 on GBM cells, while an increased secretion of ICAM-1 was induced by the proinflammatory cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 substantially reduced the recruitment of SNW1 to the super-enhancer of LIF, resulting in transcriptional inhibition of LIF. We identified notoginsenoside R1 as a novel LIF inhibitor that exhibited synergistic effects in combination with temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS Our research reveals that the epigenetic-mediated interaction of GBM cells with TAM drives the MES transition of GBM and provides a novel therapeutic avenue for patients with MES GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyi Jiang
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoming Wu
- School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Bian E, Zhang R, Xu T, Nie Y, Wang L, Jin G, Xie H, Xiang H, Chen Y, Wu D. Self-Assembled Aza-Boron-Dipyrromethene-Based H 2S Prodrug for Synergistic Ferroptosis-Enabled Gas and Sonodynamic Tumor Therapies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309542. [PMID: 38872263 PMCID: PMC11321684 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of gliomas of the central nervous system. The efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against GBM is significantly reduced by the expression of apoptosis-inhibitory proteins in GBM cells. In this study, an intelligent nanoplatform (denoted as Aza-BD@PC NPs) based on the aza-boron-dipyrromethene dye and phenyl chlorothionocarbonate-modified DSPE-PEG molecules is developed for synergistic ferroptosis-enabled gas therapy (GT) and SDT of GBM. Once internalized by GBM cells, Aza-BD@PC NPs showed effective cysteine (Cys) consumption and Cys-triggered hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release for ferroptosis-enabled GT, thereby disrupting homeostasis in the intracellular environment, affecting GBM cell metabolism, and inhibiting GBM cell proliferation. Additionally, the released Aza-BD generated abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound irradiation for favorable SDT. In vivo and in vitro evaluations demonstrated that the combined functions of Cys consumption, H2S production, and 1O2 production induced significant death of GBM cells and markedly inhibited tumor growth, with an impressive inhibition rate of up to 97.5%. Collectively, this study constructed a cascade nanoreactor with satisfactory Cys depletion performance, excellent H2S release capability, and prominent reactive oxygen species production ability under ultrasound irradiation for the synergistic ferroptosis-enabled GT and SDT of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Renwu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003P. R. China
| | - Yang Nie
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Linqi Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Gui Jin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhou325088P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of MaterdicineShanghai200051P. R. China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song P, Han R, Yang F. Super enhancer lncRNAs: a novel hallmark in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:207. [PMID: 38566153 PMCID: PMC10986047 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) consist of clusters of enhancers, harboring an unusually high density of transcription factors, mediator coactivators and epigenetic modifications. SEs play a crucial role in the maintenance of cancer cell identity and promoting oncogenic transcription. Super enhancer lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) refer to either transcript from SEs locus or interact with SEs, whose transcriptional activity is highly dependent on SEs. Moreover, these SE-lncRNAs can interact with their associated enhancer regions in cis and modulate the expression of oncogenes or key signal pathways in cancers. Inhibition of SEs would be a promising therapy for cancer. In this review, we summarize the research of SE-lncRNAs in different kinds of cancers so far and decode the mechanism of SE-lncRNAs in carcinogenesis to provide novel ideas for the cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Rongyan Han
- Department of emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo H, Huang K, Cheng M, Long X, Zhu X, Wu M. The HNF4A-CHPF pathway promotes proliferation and invasion through interactions with MAD1L1 in glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11052-11066. [PMID: 37851364 PMCID: PMC10637790 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) is an important glycosyltransferases that participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS). Our previous study showed that silencing CHPF expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro, but the molecular mechanisms by which CHPF contributes to development of glioma have not been characterized. In this study, we found that CHPF was up-regulated in glioma tissues and was positively correlated with malignant clinical pathological characteristics of patients with glioma. Silencing CHPF expression inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and cell cycle of glioma cells. Moreover, silencing CHPF suppressed glioma malignance in vivo. Immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays were used to verify the interaction between CHPF and Mitotic arrest deficient 1-like 1 (MAD1L1). In addition, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR analysis showed that HNF4A bound to the CHPF promoter region, which indicated that the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) could regulate the expression of CHPF in glioma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Health Management Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Science Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Z, Zheng Y, Wu H, Xie H, Zhao J, Chen Z, Li L, Yue X, Zhao B, Bian E. Integrative analysis of a novel super-enhancer-associated lncRNA prognostic signature and identifying LINC00945 in aggravating glioma progression. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:33. [PMID: 37004060 PMCID: PMC10064652 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-enhancers (SEs), driving high-level expression of genes with tumor-promoting functions, have been investigated recently. However, the roles of super-enhancer-associated lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) in tumors remain undetermined, especially in gliomas. We here established a SE-lncRNAs expression-based prognostic signature to choose the effective treatment of glioma and identify a novel therapeutic target. METHODS Combined analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of glioma patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) screened SE-lncRNAs. Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets served to construct and validate SE-lncRNA prognostic signature. The immune profiles and potential immuno- and chemotherapies response prediction value of the signature were also explored. Moreover, we verified the epigenetic activation mechanism of LINC00945 via the ChIP assay, and its effect on glioma was determined by performing the functional assay and a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS 6 SE-lncRNAs were obtained and identified three subgroups of glioma patients with different prognostic and clinical features. A risk signature was further constructed and demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor. The high-risk group exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment and was higher enrichment of M2 macrophage, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Patients in the high-risk group were better candidates for immunotherapy and chemotherapeutics. The SE of LINC00945 was further verified via ChIP assay. Mechanistically, BRD4 may mediate epigenetic activation of LINC00945. Additionally, overexpression of LINC00945 promoted glioma cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study constructed the first prognostic SE-lncRNA signature with the ability to optimize the choice of patients receiving immuno- and chemotherapies and provided a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yinfei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Haoyuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Tian J, Miao Z, Lv S, Zhao X. A Meaningful Strategy for Glioma Diagnosis via Independent Determination of hsa_circ_0004214. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020193. [PMID: 36831736 PMCID: PMC9954075 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common primary tumors in the central nervous system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as novel biomarkers of various cancers. The purpose of this study is to reveal the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0004214 for glioma and to predict its molecular interaction network. The expression of hsa_circ_0004214 was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The vector and siRNAs changed the expression of hsa_circ_0004214 to judge its influence on the migration degree of glioma cells. hsa_circ_0004214 can be stably expressed at a high level in high-grade glioma tissue (WHO III/IV). The area under the ROC curve of hsa_circ_0000745 in glioma tissue was 0.88, suggesting good diagnostic value. While used to distinguish high-grade glioma, AUC value can be increased to 0.931. The multi-factor correlation analysis found that the expression of hsa_circ_0004214 was correlated with GFAP (+) and Ki67 (+) in immunohistochemistry. In addition, the migration capacity of U87 was enhanced by overexpression of hsa_circ_0004214. Through miRNA microarray analysis and database screening, we finally identified 4 miRNAs and 9 RBPs that were most likely to interact with hsa_circ_0004214 and regulate the biological functions of glioma. Hsa_circ_0004 214 plays an important role in glioma, its expression level is a promising diagnostic marker for this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiajia Tian
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zengli Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Shangrui Lv
- Wuxi Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang D, Yue X, Zheng Y, Li L, Bian E, Zhao B. A Novel Defined Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Treatment of Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:717926. [PMID: 35433410 PMCID: PMC9008739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.717926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, that plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of tumors, has been frequently investigated recently. However, the prognostic significance and therapeutic value of pyroptosis in glioma remain undetermined. In this research, we revealed the relationship of pyroptosis-related genes to glioma by analyzing whole transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset serving as the training set and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset serving as the validation set. We identified two subgroups of glioma patients with disparate prognostic and clinical features by performing consensus clustering analysis on nineteen pyroptosis-related genes that were differentially expressed between glioma and normal brain tissues. We further derived a risk signature, using eleven pyroptosis-related genes, that was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor for glioma. Furthermore, we used Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to implement functional analysis of our gene set, and the results were closely related to immune and inflammatory responses in accordance with the characteristics of pyroptosis. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that that the high-risk group exhibited enriched characteristics of malignant tumors in accordance with its poor prognosis. Next, we analyzed different immune cell infiltration between the two risk groups using ssGSEA. Finally, CASP1 was identified as a core gene, so we subsequently selected an inhibitor targeting CASP1 and simulated molecular docking. In addition, the inhibitory effect of belnacasan on glioma was verified at the cellular level. In conclusion, pyroptosis-related genes are of great significance for performing prognostic stratification and developing treatment strategies for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Deran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scala G, Gorini F, Ambrosio S, Chiariello AM, Nicodemi M, Lania L, Majello B, Amente S. 8-oxodG accumulation within super-enhancers marks fragile CTCF-mediated chromatin loops. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3292-3306. [PMID: 35234932 PMCID: PMC8989568 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major product of the DNA oxidization process, has been proposed to have an epigenetic function in gene regulation and has been associated with genome instability. NGS-based methodologies are contributing to the characterization of the 8-oxodG function in the genome. However, the 8-oxodG epigenetic role at a genomic level and the mechanisms controlling the genomic 8-oxodG accumulation/maintenance have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a set of enhancer regions accumulating 8-oxodG in human epithelial cells. We found that these oxidized enhancers are mainly super-enhancers and are associated with bidirectional-transcribed enhancer RNAs and DNA Damage Response activation. Moreover, using ChIA-PET and HiC data, we identified specific CTCF-mediated chromatin loops in which the oxidized enhancer and promoter regions physically associate. Oxidized enhancers and their associated chromatin loops accumulate endogenous double-strand breaks which are in turn repaired by NHEJ pathway through a transcription-dependent mechanism. Our work suggests that 8-oxodG accumulation in enhancers-promoters pairs occurs in a transcription-dependent manner and provides novel mechanistic insights on the intrinsic fragility of chromatin loops containing oxidized enhancers-promoters interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Chiariello
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, and INFN, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Nicodemi
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, and INFN, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Lania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Bian Y, Li J, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of LINC00665 in Human Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839177. [PMID: 35356290 PMCID: PMC8959703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides and can participate in the regulation of gene expression in various ways. An increasing number of studies have shown that the dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is related to the occurrence and progression of human cancers. LINC00665 is a novel lncRNA, which is abnormally expressed in various human cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and glioma. LINC00665 functions in many biological processes of tumor cells, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism, and is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients. LINC00665 can play biological functions as a ceRNA, directly binding and interacting with proteins, and as an upstream molecule regulating multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the expression level, function, and molecular mechanisms of LINC00665 in different human cancers and emphasize that LINC00665 is a promising new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker, and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Li
- *Correspondence: Keming Wang, ; Juan Li,
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of ABCC3 in Human Glioma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2021:1827992. [PMID: 34976054 PMCID: PMC8718316 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1827992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with an inferior survival period and unsatisfactory prognoses. Identification of novel biomarkers is important for the improvements of clinical outcomes of glioma patients. In recent years, more and more biomarkers were identified in many types of tumors. However, the sensitive markers for diagnoses and prognoses of patients with glioma remained unknown. In the present research, our team intended to explore the expression and clinical significance of ABCC3 in glioma patients. Sequential data filtration (survival analyses, independent prognosis analyses, ROC curve analyses, and clinical association analyses) was completed, which gave rise to the determination of the relationship between glioma and the ABCC3 gene. Clinical assays on the foundation of CGGA and TCGA datasets unveiled that ABCC3 expression was distinctly upregulated in glioma and predicted a shorter overall survival. In the multivariable Cox analysis, our team discovered that the expression of ABCC3 was an independent prognosis marker for both 5-year OS (HR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.052-1.188; P < 0.001). Moreover, our team also studied the association between ABCC3 expression and clinical features of glioma patients, finding that differential expression of ABCC3 was remarkably related to age, 1p19q codeletion, PRS type, chemo status, grade, IDH mutation state, and histology. Overall, our findings suggested ABCC3 might be a novel prognosis marker in glioma.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Q, Chen X, Chen B. MicroRNA-3148 inhibits glioma by decreasing DCUN1D1 and inhibiting the NF-kB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 34824636 PMCID: PMC8611494 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, which originates in the brain, is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. It has been shown that microRNA (miRNA) controls the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of glioma cells. The objective of the present study was to measure microRNA-3148 (miR-3148) expression and investigate its impact on the pathogenetic mechanism of glioma. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect miR-3148 expression levels in glioma tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and Transwell migration assay were performed to assess the influence of miR-3148 on the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells. The biological functions of miR-3148 in glioma were examined via a xenograft tumor growth assay. Furthermore, the association between miR-3148 and DCUN1D1 was investigated via immunohistochemistry, dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. It was observed that miR-3148 was expressed at low levels in glioma cells, and this represented a poor survival rate. In addition, an increased level of miR-3148 in cells and animal models inhibited glioma cell migration and proliferation. Moreover, miR-3148 decreased DCUN1D1 and curbed the nuclear factor κ enhancer binding protein (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thus decreasing the growth of glioma. Thus, miR-3148 is expressed within glioma tissues at low levels where it suppresses glioma by curbing the NF-κB pathway and lowering DCUN1D1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen M, Cui Y, Hao W, Fan Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Jiang M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Gao C. Ligand-modified homologous targeted cancer cell membrane biomimetic nanostructured lipid carriers for glioma therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2241-2255. [PMID: 34668811 PMCID: PMC8530486 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1992038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The main treatment measure currently used for glioma treatment is chemotherapy; the biological barrier of solid tumors hinders the deep penetration of nanomedicines and limits anticancer therapy. Furthermore, the poor solubility of many chemotherapeutic drugs limits the efficacy of antitumor drugs. Therefore, improving the solubility of chemotherapeutic agents and drug delivery to tumor tissues through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) are major challenges in glioma treatment. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have high drug loading capacity, high stability, and high in vivo safety; moreover, they can effectively improve the solubility of insoluble drugs. Therefore, in this study, we used solvent volatilization and ultrasonic melting methods to prepare dihydroartemisinin nanostructured lipid carrier (DHA-NLC). We further used the glioma C6 cancer cell (CC) membrane to encapsulate DHA-NLC owing to the homologous targeting mechanism of the CC membrane; however, the targeting ability of the CC membrane was weak. We accordingly used targeting ligands for modification, and developed a bionanostructured lipid carrier with BBB and BBTB penetration and tumor targeting abilities. The results showed that DHA-loaded NGR/CCNLC (asparagine-glycine-arginine, NGR) was highly targeted, could penetrate the BBB and BBTB, and showed good anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, which could effectively prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, the use of DHA-loaded NGR/CCNLC is an effective strategy for glioma treatment and has the potential to treat glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrui Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo H, Tao C, Long X, Zhu X, Huang K. Early 2 factor (E2F) transcription factors contribute to malignant progression and have clinical prognostic value in lower-grade glioma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7765-7779. [PMID: 34617871 PMCID: PMC8806968 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) genes encoding a family of transcription factors are significantly associated with apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis in several tumor types. However, the biological functions of E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) and their potential involvement in the malignancy of lower-grade glioma (LGG) remain unclear. We explored the effects of the expression of eight E2F family members on the clinical characteristics of LGG based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and GSE16011 datasets. Two LGG subgroups were identified according to the consensus clustering of the eight E2Fs. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm for further functional experiments and the development of a potential risk score. Two categories of patients with LGG were identified based on the median risk scores. We then developed a nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the bioinformatics results. Our results indicated that E2F family members were significantly involved in the malignancy of LGG and might serve as effective prognostic biomarkers of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Scientific Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong C, Tao B, Yang F, Xia K, Yang X, Chen L, Peng T, Xia X, Li X, Peng L. Histone demethylase JMJD1C promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to prevent glioma by upregulating miR-302a. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e424. [PMID: 34586733 PMCID: PMC8473479 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is regarded as an aggressive lethal primary brain tumor. Jumonji domain containing 1C (JMJD1C) is a H3K9 demethylase which participates in the progression of various tumors, but its specific function and underlying mechanism in glioma development remain undefined, which is the purpose of our work. We initially assessed JMJD1C expression in glioma tissues and cells using the assays of RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the H3K9 level at the microRNA (miR)-302a promoter region was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, while luciferase-based reporter assay was performed for validation of the binding affinity between miR-302a and methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). The effect of METTL3 on suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) was subsequently analyzed by MeRIP-RT-qPCR. Finally, a xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice, followed by measurement of tumor-associated macrophages using flow cytometry. JMJD1C was poorly expressed in glioma tissues. Furthermore, JMJD1C increased miR-302a expression through promoting H3K9me1 demethylation at the miR-302a promoter region. miR-302a was identified to target METTL3, which could inhibit SOCS2 expression via m6A modification. JMJD1C promoted M1 macrophage polarization and suppressed the growth of glioma xenografts through the miR-302a/METTL3/SOCS2 axis both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, JMJD1C could enhance M1 macrophage polarization to inhibit the onset of glioma, bringing a new insight into the contribution of JMJD1C to the pathobiology of glioma, with possible implications for targeted therapeutic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Rheumatologythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Neurosurgery Departmentthe Affiliated Santai Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeMianyang621100P. R. China
| | - Kaiguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiangguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xianglong Li
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Lilei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for NeurosurgeryLuzhouP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Li Z, Sun H. MiR-493-5p inhibits the malignant development of gliomas via suppressing E2F3-mediated dysfunctions of P53 and PI3K/AKT pathways. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:363-370. [PMID: 34460057 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas is a major challenge of current medical system, and thousands of people are struggling in the pain of this disease worldwide. In the last decade, the functions of miRNAs have been revealed by many studies, and the intervention on miRNA dysfunctions has been thought as a promising way to counter cancer. MiR-493-5p has been identified as a tumor inhibitor to suppress the progressions of several tumors while its role in gliomas remains unknown. Hence, the study investigated the expression levels of miR-493-5p in glioma tissues and cell lines. METHODS CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry assay were used to observe the effects of miR-493-5p on tumor cells. The downstream targets of miR-493-5p were also searched and verified with online databases and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the activities of P53 and PI3K/AKT pathways were also explored by western blot to illustrate the regulation mechanism of miR-493-5p on glioma development. RESULTS The results showed that miR-493-5p was significantly downregulated in pathological tissues and glioma cell lines, and the increased miR-493-5p effectively inhibited the malignant behavior and promoted the apoptosis of glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS E2F3 was confirmed as a target of miR-493-5p, and the effects of miR-493-5p on the phenotype of glioma cells could be partly reversed by E2F3. Besides, it was also found that miR-493-5p could effectively suppress the expression of E2F3 and then improve the dysfunctions of the P53 and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Center Hospital, Shandong, 251700, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, LinYi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 West Communist Youth League Road, Shandong, 255000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang M, Lv CY, Li SA, Wang JK, Luo WZ, Zhao PC, Liu XY, Wang ZM, Jiao Y, Sun HW, Zhao Y, Zhang P. Near infrared light fluorescence imaging-guided biomimetic nanoparticles of extracellular vesicles deliver indocyanine green and paclitaxel for hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy against glioma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:210. [PMID: 34261493 PMCID: PMC8278705 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the therapeutic effect of targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) on glioma. Methods Raw264.7 cells were harvested to extract EVs for the preparation of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV by electroporation and click chemistry. We evaluated the success of modifying Neuropilin-1 targeting peptide (RGE) on the EV membrane of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were implemented for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the ICG and PTX loaded in EVs. Photothermal properties of the vesicles were evaluated by exposing to 808-nm laser light. Western blot analysis, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), Calcein Acetoxymethyl Ester/propidium iodide (Calcein-AM/PI) staining, and flow cytometry were utilized for assessing effects of vesicle treatment on cellular behaviors. A nude mouse model bearing glioma was established to test the targeting ability and anti-tumor action of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV in vivo. Results Under exposure to 808-nm laser light, ICG/PTX@RGE-EV showed good photothermal properties and promotion of PTX release from EVs. ICG/PTX@RGE-EV effectively targeted U251 cells, with activation of the Caspase-3 pathway and elevated apoptosis in U251 cells through chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia. The anti-tumor function of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV was confirmed in the glioma mice via increased accumulation of PTX in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group and an increased median survival of 48 days in the ICG/PTX@RGE-EV group as compared to 25 days in the PBS group. Conclusion ICG/PTX@RGE-EV might actively target glioma to repress tumor growth by accelerating glioma cell apoptosis through combined chemotherapy-hyperthermia. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00907-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yan Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ang Li
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Kuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zheng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-You Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Z, Chen J, Huo X, Zong G, Huang K, Cheng M, Sun L, Yue X, Bian E, Zhao B. Identification of a mesenchymal-related signature associated with clinical prognosis in glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12431-12455. [PMID: 33875619 PMCID: PMC8148476 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma with a mesenchymal (MES) signature is characterized by shorter survival time due to aggressive dissemination and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Here, this study used the TCGA database as the training set and the CGGA database as the testing set. Consensus clustering was performed on the two data sets, and it was found that two groups had distinguished prognostic and molecular features. Cox analysis and Lasso regression analysis were used to construct MES signature-based risk score model of glioma. Our results show that MES signature-based risk score model can be used to assess the prognosis of glioma. Three methods (ROC curve analyses, univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariate Cox regression analysis) were used to investigate the prognostic role of texture parameters. The result showed that the MES-related gene signature was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for glioma. Furthermore, functional analysis of the gene related to the risk signature showed that the genes sets were closely related to the malignant process of tumors. Finally, FCGR2A and EHD2 were selected for functional verification. Silencing these two genes inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of gliomas and reduced the expression of mesenchymal marker genes. Collectively, MES-related risk signature seems to provide a novel target for predicting the prognosis and treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiuhao Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Gang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kebing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng M, Sun L, Huang K, Yue X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Bian E. A Signature of Nine lncRNA Methylated Genes Predicts Survival in Patients With Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:646409. [PMID: 33828990 PMCID: PMC8019920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.646409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and its prognosis is extremely poor. Aberrant methylation of lncRNA promoter region is significantly associated with the prognosis of glioma patients. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of methylation of lncRNA promoter region in glioma patients to establish a signature of nine lncRNA methylated genes for determining glioma patient prognosis. Methylation data and clinical follow-up data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The multistep screening strategy identified nine lncRNA methylated genes that were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients. Subsequently, we constructed a risk signature that containing nine lncRNA methylated genes. The risk signature successfully divided the glioma patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis, higher glioma grade, and older age. Furthermore, we identified two lncRNAs termed PCBP1-AS1 and LINC02875 that may be involved in the malignant progression of glioma cells by using the TCGA database. Loss-of-function assays confirmed that knockdown of PCBP1-AS1 and LINC02875 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Therefore, the nine lncRNA methylated genes signature may provide a novel predictor and therapeutic target for glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kebing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao J, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhang C, Yang Q, Yao P, Jiang Q, Wu J, Zhao S. The increasing expression of GPX7 related to the malignant clinical features leading to poor prognosis of glioma patients. Chin Neurosurg J 2021; 7:21. [PMID: 33750478 PMCID: PMC7945363 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-021-00235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The standard treatment scheme of glioma is surgical resection combined alternative radio- and chemotherapy. However, the outcome of glioma patients was unsatisfied. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular and biological function characteristics of GPX7 in glioma. METHODS The multidimensional data of glioma samples were downloaded from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). RT-qPCR method was used to identify the expression status of GPX7. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to explore the prognostic value of GPX7. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to investigate the GPX7-related functions in glioma. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression of GPX7 in glioma was higher compared to that in normal brain tissue. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the expression value of GPX7 was an independent prognostic factor in glioma. The GSEA analysis showed that GPX7 was significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway, ECM pathway, focal adhesion pathway, and toll-like receptor pathway. CONCLUSIONS The GPX7 was recommended as an independent risk factor for patients diagnosed with glioma for the first time and GPX7 could be potentially used as the therapy target in future. Furthermore, we attempted to explore a potential biomarker for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruotian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- North Broward Preparatory School, 7600 Lyons Rd, Coconut Creek, FL, 33073, USA
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Penglei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiuyi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pinghu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518100, Guangdong Province, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen X, Guo ZQ, Cao D, Chen Y, Chen J. MYC-mediated upregulation of PNO1 promotes glioma tumorigenesis by activating THBS1/FAK/Akt signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:244. [PMID: 33664245 PMCID: PMC7933405 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PNO1 has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis, however, its role in glioma remains unexplored. In the present study, PNO1 expression in glioma from on-line databases, cDNA, and tissue microarrays was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 knockdown inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo; whereas PNO1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Notably, PNO1 interacted with THBS1 and the promotion of glioma by PNO1 overexpression could be attenuated or even reversed by simultaneously silencing THBS1. Functionally, PNO1 was involved in activation of FAK/Akt pathway. Moreover, overexpressing MYC increased PNO1 promoter activity. MYC knockdown decreased PNO1 and THBS1 expression, while inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, MYC-mediated upregulation of PNO1 contributes to glioma progression by activating THBS1/FAK/Akt signaling. PNO1 was reported to be a tumor promotor in the development and progression of glioma and may act as a candidate of therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zheng-Qian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen L, Xu M, Wang Z, Yu Z. Prognostic evaluation of serum long non-coding RNA H19 for endoscopic keyhole surgery or craniotomy in glioma. Ann Clin Biochem 2020; 57:365-372. [PMID: 32586100 DOI: 10.1177/0004563220941888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore the effect of serum long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 level on the long-term prognosis of endoscopic keyhole surgery or craniotomy for glioma. METHODS A total of 264 glioma patients were selected. Patients were randomly divided into the Craniotomy-high H19 group, the Craniotomy-low H19 group, the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-high H19 group and the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-low H19 group. RESULTS Compared with adjacent tissues (5.19 ± 1.42), H19 level in cancer tissues (7.45 ± 1.60) and serum (6.44 ± 1.57) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with serum, H19 level in cancer tissues was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis found that the relative expression level of serum H19 in glioma patients was positively correlated with cancer tissues (rPearson = 0.547, P < 0.001), but had no significant correlation with adjacent tissues (rPearson = 0.126, P = 0.207). The expression of H19 in serum was significantly related to WHO grade (rPearson = 0.514, P < 0.001). Compared with the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-high H19 group and the Endoscopic keyhole surgery-low H19 group, the survival rate of patients in the Craniotomy-high H19 group (χ2 = 17.115 and log-rank P < 0.001; χ2 = 18.406 and log-rank P < 0.001) and the Craniotomy-low H19 group was significantly reduced (χ2 = 15.007 and log-rank P < 0.001; χ2 = 16.121 and log-rank P < 0.001). Cox regression results showed that serum H19 level, craniotomy and WHO grade were risk factors for glioma. When H19 level was lower than 6.28, the 30-month survival rate of patients with the endoscopic keyhole surgery was 100%. CONCLUSION For patients with low H19 level (<5.36), both endoscopic keyhole surgery and craniotomy are available, otherwise, endoscopic keyhole surgery is more recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likui Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|