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Zhu K, Yang X, Tai H, Zhong X, Luo T, Zheng H. HER2-targeted therapies in cancer: a systematic review. Biomark Res 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38308374 PMCID: PMC10835834 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alterations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, neu, and erbB2) are associated with the development of many tumors. It is currently a crucial treatment for multiple cancers. Advanced in molecular biology and further exploration of the HER2-mediated pathway have promoted the development of medicine design and combination drug regimens. An increasing number of HER2-targeted drugs including specific monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The emergence of ADCs, has significantly transformed the treatment landscape for various tumors, such as breast, gastric, and bladder cancer. Classic monoclonal antibodies and novel TKIs have not only demonstrated remarkable efficacy, but also expanded their indications, with ADCs in particular exhibiting profound clinical applications. Moreover the concept of low HER2 expression signifies a breakthrough in HER2-targeted therapy, indicating that an increasing number of tumors and patients will benefit from this approach. This article, provides a comprehensive review of the underlying mechanism of action, representative drugs, corresponding clinical trials, recent advancements, and future research directions pertaining to HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunrui Zhu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hebei Tai
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Yue J, Shao S, Zhou J, Luo W, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Zhu MM. A bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and CLDN18.2 eliminates gastric cancer cells expressing dual antigens by enhancing the immune effector function. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:106-115. [PMID: 38198061 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is widely regarded as one of the toughest cancers to treat. Trastuzumab, which targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) for GC treatment, has demonstrated clinical success. However, these patients have a high likelihood of developing resistance. Additionally, Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a promising emerging target for GC treatment. Therefore, therapies that simultaneously target both HER2 and CLDN18.2 targets are of great significance. Here, we constructed a bispecific antibody targeting both HER2 and CLDN18.2 (HC-2G4S; BsAb), which displayed satisfactory purity, thermostability and enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. In a tumor spheroids model of GC, BsAb demonstrated greater therapeutic efficacy than monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or combination treatment strategies. We propose that the enhanced anti-tumor potency of BsAbs in vivo is due to the monovalent binding of single-chain antibodies to more targets due to weaker affinity, resulting in a more potent immune effect function. Therefore, HC-2G4S could be a productive agent for treating GC that is HER2-positive, CLDN18.2-positive, or both, with the potential to overcome trastuzumab resistance and provide significant clinical benefits and expanded indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Qinbin Zhang
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China
| | - Marie M Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China.
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Ebrahimnejad P, Mohammadi Z, Babaei A, Ahmadi M, Amirkhanloo S, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchid A. Novel Strategies Using Sagacious Targeting for Site-Specific Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer Treatment: Clinical Potential and Applications. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:35-84. [PMID: 37824418 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v41.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, researchers have been working to achieve new strategies and smart targeting drug delivery techniques and technologies to treat breast cancer (BC). Nanotechnology presents a hopeful strategy for targeted drug delivery into the building of new therapeutics using the properties of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are of high regard in the field of diagnosis and the treatment of cancer. The use of these nanoparticles as an encouraging approach in the treatment of various cancers has drawn the interest of researchers in recent years. In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of BC, combination therapy has also been adopted, leading to minimal side effects and thus an enhancement in the quality of life for patients. This review article compares, discusses and criticizes the approaches to treat BC using novel design strategies and smart targeting of site-specific drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melika Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shervin Amirkhanloo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchid
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, Coral Springs, Florida, USA; Pharmaceutics Research Lab, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Mustafa MI, Mohammed A. Nanobodies: A Game-Changer in Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy for Cancer. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:358-364. [PMID: 37634615 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies are small, single-domain antibodies that have emerged as a promising tool in cancer immunotherapy. These molecules can target specific antigens on cancer cells and trigger an immune response against them. In this mini-review article, we highlight the potential of nanobodies in cell-mediated immunotherapy for cancer treatment. We discuss the advantages of nanobodies over conventional antibodies, their ability to penetrate solid tumors, and their potential to enhance the efficacy of other immunotherapeutic agents. We also provide an overview of recent preclinical and clinical studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of nanobody-based immunotherapy in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahed I Mustafa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
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Byun KT, Kim B, Cho J, Lee I, Lee MG, Park D, Kang TB, Won HS, Kim CG. Development of an Anti-HER2 Single-Chain Variable Antibody Fragment Construct for High-Yield Soluble Expression in Escherichia coli and One-Step Chromatographic Purification. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1508. [PMID: 37892190 PMCID: PMC10605039 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is recognized as a highly versatile scaffold of recombinant antibody fragment molecules, its overexpression in Escherichia coli often leads to the formation of inclusion bodies. To address this issue, we devised and tested four different constructs, named v21, v22, v23 and v24, for producing anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) scFv. Among them, the v24 construct obtained from N-terminal fusion of maltose-binding protein (MBP) and subsequent tobacco etch virus protease (TEV) was identified as the most efficient construct for the production of anti-HER2 scFv. Aided by an MBP tag, high-yield soluble expression was ensured and soluble scFv was liberated in cells via autonomous proteolytic cleavage by endogenously expressed TEV. The isolated scFv containing a C-terminal hexahistidine tag was purified through a one-step purification via nickel-affinity chromatography. The purified scFv exhibited a strong (nanomolar Kd) affinity to HER2 both in vitro and in cells. Structural and functional stabilities of the scFv during storage for more than one month were also assured. Given the great utility of anti-HER2 scFv as a basic platform for developing therapeutic and diagnostic agents for cancers, the v24 construct and methods presented in this study are expected to provide a better manufacturing system for producing anti-HER2 scFv with various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Tae Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Junmin Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Inbeom Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Myung Gu Lee
- Konkukbio Inc., Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.T.B.); (B.K.)
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Shariaty Vaziri Z, Shafiee F, Akbari V. Design and construction of scFv-PE35KDEL as a novel immunotoxin against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 for cancer therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:537-550. [PMID: 36807722 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PROPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed on the surface of some kinds of cancer cells including breast cancer. In this study, we designed and produced a novel immunotoxin consisting anti-HER2 single-chain Fv (scFv) from pertuzumab and a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE35KDEL). METHODS The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the fusion protein (anti-HER IT) was predicted by MODELLER 9.23 and its interaction with HER2 receptor was assessed using HADDOCK web server. Anti-HER2 IT, anti-HER2 scFv, and PE35KDEL proteins were expressed by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification of the proteins using Ni2+ affinity chromatography and refolding through dialysis, the cytotoxicity of proteins against breast cancer cell lines was examined by MTT assay. RESULTS In-silico studies showed that (EAAAK)2 linker can efficiently prevent the formation of salt bridges between two functional domains and the constructed fusion protein has a high affinity to HER2 receptor. The optimum condition of anti-HER2 IT expression was 25 °C and 1 mM IPTG. The protein was successfully purified and refolded by dialysis with a final yield of 45.7 mg per 1 L of bacterial culture. The cytotoxicity results showed that anti-HER2 IT was much more toxic on HER2-overexpressing cells, BT-474 (IC50 ~ 95 nM) compared with HER2-negative cells, MDA-MB-23 (IC50 ˃ 200 nM). CONCLUSION This novel immunotoxin has the potential to be applied as a therapeutic candidate for HER2-targeted cancer therapy. However further in vitro and in vivo evaluations are still required to confirm the efficacy and safety of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shariaty Vaziri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Xue C, Xu YH. Trastuzumab combined chemotherapy for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29992. [PMID: 36042610 PMCID: PMC9410626 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (HER2-PAGC). METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed using randomized controlled trials that compared trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. A comprehensive search was conducted in the following databases from their inception onwards: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WANGFANG, and CNKI. We also searched other literature sources to avoid missing relevant studies. Two reviewers independently performed all record selection, data collection, and methodological assessments. Any confusion was resolved by discussion or referral to a third reviewer. If there were ample data from eligible studies, we performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Whenever this was not possible, we conducted a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Meta-analysis results showed that trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved better outcomes on response rate (trastuzumab plus CFC vs CFC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.17-2.09], I2 = 0%, P < .003; trastuzumab plus OT vs OT: OR = 2.97, 95% CI [1.74-5.09], I2 = 0%, P < .0001; and trastuzumab plus CC vs CC: OR = 2.62, 95% CI [1.84-3.73], I2 = 0%, P < .0001), and disease control rate (trastuzumab plus CFC vs CFC: OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.17-2.21], I2 = 0%, P = .004; trastuzumab plus OT vs OT: OR = 4.29, 95% CI [2.33-7.90], I2 = 0%, P < .0001; and trastuzumab plus CC vs CC: OR = 2.99, 95% CI [1.99-4.48], I2 = 0%, P < .0001). However, there were no significant differences in the adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy alone for the treatment of HER2-PAGC. The 2 modalities showed similar safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Hong Xu, MM, Department of Gastroenterology, Sunshine Union Hospital, No. 9000 Yingqian Street, High-tech District, Weifang, Shandong Province 261061, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang Q, Zhu H, Cui Z, Li Y, Zhuo J, Ye J, Zhang Z, Lian Z, Du Q, Zhao KN, Zhang L, Jiang P. The HPV16E7 Affibody as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Agent for Treating Cervical Cancer Is Likely Internalized through Dynamin and Caveolin-1 Dependent Endocytosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081114. [PMID: 36009008 PMCID: PMC9405713 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Affibodies targeting intracellular proteins have a great potential to function as ideal therapeutic agents. However, little is known about how the affibodies enter target cells to interact with intracellular target proteins. We have previously developed the HPV16E7 affibody (ZHPV16E7384) for HPV16 positive cervical cancer treatment. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms of ZHPV16E7384 and found that ZHPV16E7384 significantly inhibited the proliferation of target cells and induced a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ZHPV16E7384 treatment resulted in the upregulation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and downregulation of phosphorylated Rb (pRb), E2F1, cyclin D1, and CDK4 in the target cells. Moreover, treatment with dynamin or the caveolin-1 inhibitor not only significantly suppressed the internalization of ZHPV16E7384 into target cells but also reversed the regulation of cell cycle factors by ZHPV16E7384. Overall, these results indicate that ZHPV16E7384 was likely internalized specifically into target cells through dynamin- and caveolin-1 mediated endocytosis. ZHPV16E7384 induced the cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase at least partially by interrupting HPV16E7 binding to and degrading Rb, subsequently leading to the downregulation of E2F1, cyclin D1, CDK4, and pRb, which ultimately inhibited target cell proliferation. These findings provide a rationale of using ZHPV16E7384 to conduct a clinical trial for target therapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhouying Cui
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiaying Zhuo
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingwei Ye
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kong-Nan Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.-N.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.J.); Tel.: +61-7-34431291 (K.-N.Z.); +86-577-86689910 (L.Z.); +86-577-86699583 (P.J.)
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (K.-N.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.J.); Tel.: +61-7-34431291 (K.-N.Z.); +86-577-86689910 (L.Z.); +86-577-86699583 (P.J.)
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (K.-N.Z.); (L.Z.); (P.J.); Tel.: +61-7-34431291 (K.-N.Z.); +86-577-86689910 (L.Z.); +86-577-86699583 (P.J.)
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Caers J, Duray E, Vrancken L, Marcion G, Bocuzzi V, De Veirman K, Krasniqi A, Lejeune M, Withofs N, Devoogdt N, Dumoulin M, Karlström AE, D’Huyvetter M. Radiotheranostic Agents in Hematological Malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911080. [PMID: 35865548 PMCID: PMC9294596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a cancer treatment that combines radiation therapy with tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies (Abs). Although RIT had been introduced for the treatment of CD20 positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma decades ago, it never found a broad clinical application. In recent years, researchers have developed theranostic agents based on Ab fragments or small Ab mimetics such as peptides, affibodies or single-chain Abs with improved tumor-targeting capacities. Theranostics combine diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single pharmaceutical agent; this dual application can be easily achieved after conjugation to radionuclides. The past decade has seen a trend to increased specificity, fastened pharmacokinetics, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discuss the different strategies introduced for the noninvasive detection and treatment of hematological malignancies by radiopharmaceuticals. We also discuss the future applications of these radiotheranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jo Caers,
| | - Elodie Duray
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Inbios, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Louise Vrancken
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Marcion
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valentina Bocuzzi
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmet Krasniqi
- Laboratory of In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margaux Lejeune
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I³, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Withofs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory of In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Inbios, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias D’Huyvetter
- Laboratory of In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory (ICMI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Pecoraro M, Marzocco S, Franceschelli S, Popolo A. Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin Sequential Administration Increases Oxidative Stress and Phosphorylation of Connexin 43 on Ser368. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126375. [PMID: 35742818 PMCID: PMC9224207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancer cases, causing a more aggressive tumour growth and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab, the humanized antibody targeted to HER2, increased the life expectancy of patients, but severe cardiotoxicity emerged as a long-term adverse effect. Clinical evidence highlights that Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity drastically increases in association with Doxorubicin; however, the exact mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. In order to analyse the molecular mechanisms involved and the possible adaptative responses to Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin treatment, in this study, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were used. Results showed that Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin sequential administration in cardiomyoblast increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production, intracellular calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and the consequent apoptosis, induced by both Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin alone. Furthermore, in these conditions, we observed increased levels of Connexin43 phosphorylated on Ser368 (pCx43). Since phosphorylation on Ser368 decreases gap junction intracellular communication, thus reducing the spread of death signals to adjacent cells, we hypothesized that the increase in pCx43 could be an adaptative response implemented by cells to defend neighbouring cells by Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin sequential administration. However, the other side of the coin is the resulting conduction abnormalities.
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Shi F, Liu Y, Zhou X, Shen P, Xue R, Zhang M. Disitamab vedotin: a novel antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1335-1344. [PMID: 35506447 PMCID: PMC9090390 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) regulates cell mitosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Trastuzumab is a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody (mAB), which can prolong the overall survival rate of patients with HER2 overexpression in later periods of gastric cancer and breast cancer. Although anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody has a curative effect, adjuvant chemotherapy is still necessary to upgrade the curative effect maximumly. Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a kind of therapeutic drug that contains antigen-specific antibody and cytotoxic payload, which can improve the survival time of tumor patients. To date, there are several HER2-ADC products on the market, for which two anti-HER2 ADC (trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan) have been authorized by the FDA for distinct types of HER2-positive carcinoma in the breast. Disitamab vedotin (RC48) is a newly developed ADC drug targeting HER2 that is comprised of hertuzumab coupling monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a cleavable linker. This paper aims to offer a general insight and summary of the mechanism of action and the currently completed and ongoing clinical studies of RC-48 in HER-2 positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuexiao Zhou
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei Shen
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Chang'an District Hospital, Xi 'an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Abbaspour M, Akbari V. Cancer vaccines as a targeted immunotherapy approach for breast cancer: an update of clinical evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:337-353. [PMID: 34932427 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the first common neoplastic malignancy and the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. Conventional treatments for BC are often associated with severe side effects and may even lead to late recurrence. For this reason, in recent years, cancer immunotherapy (e.g., cancer vaccines), a novel approach based on the specificity and amplification of acquired immune responses, has been considered as a potential candidate in particular to treat metastatic BC. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent development of therapeutic vaccines for BC, use of specific BC cellular antigens, antigen selection, and probable causes for their insufficient effectiveness. EXPERT OPINION Despite development of several different BC vaccines strategies including protein/peptide, dendritic cell, and genetic vaccines, until now, no BC vaccine has been approved for clinical use. Most of the current BC vaccines themselves fail to bring clinical benefit to BC patients and are applied in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. It is hoped that with advances in our knowledge about tumor microenvironment and the development of novel combination strategies, the tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms can be overcome and prolonged immunologic and effective anti-tumor response can be developed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbaspour
- Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Jiang H, Li M, Du K, Ma C, Cheng Y, Wang S, Nie X, Fu C, He Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: Taohong Siwu Decoction. Chin Med 2021; 16:129. [PMID: 34857023 PMCID: PMC8638166 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer is the greastest threat to women' health all over the world. Among them, HER-2 positive breast cancer has the characteristics of high malignancy, easy recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a rich theoretical basis and clinical application for breast cancer. TCM believes that blood stasis syndrome is one of the important pathogenesis of breast formation and development. Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSHWD) is based on the "First Prescription of Gynecology" Siwu Decoction. It is widely used in various blood stasis and blood deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis. Clinical studies have found that THSWD can treat breast cancer by reducing blood vessel and lymphangiogenesis with auxiliary chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to explore the material basis and mechanism of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies. Through a literature review of the traditional application, chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine of THSWD, as well as its clinical reports and pharmacological research on breast cancer treatment. Meanwhile, we conducted "component-pathway-target" network through network pharmacology reveals the main material basis, possible targets and pathways of THSWD in inhibiting HER-2 positive breast cancer. Literature review and network pharmacology research results had predicted that, baicalein, kaempferol, caffeic acid, amygdalin, quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, catalpol, hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin in THSWD are the main effective chemical composition. THSWD regulates 386 protein targets and 166 pathways related to breast cancer. The molecular mechanism is mainly to improve the microenvironment of tumor cells, regulate the process of tumor cell EMT, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This study revealed the mechanism of action of THSWD in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer through literature review and network pharmacology studies, providing a scientific basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Kequn Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guiyang, 550008, Guizhou, China.
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Thermostable designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as building blocks for innovative drugs. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101403. [PMID: 34793836 PMCID: PMC8683736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are antibody mimetics with high and mostly unexplored potential in drug development. By using in silico analysis and a rationally guided Ala scanning, we identified position 17 of the N-terminal capping repeat to play a key role in overall protein thermostability. The melting temperature of a DARPin domain with a single full-consensus internal repeat was increased by 8 °C to 10 °C when Asp17 was replaced by Leu, Val, Ile, Met, Ala, or Thr. We then transferred the Asp17Leu mutation to various backgrounds, including clinically validated DARPin domains, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor-binding domain of the DARPin abicipar pegol. In all cases, these proteins showed improvements in the thermostability on the order of 8 °C to 16 °C, suggesting the replacement of Asp17 could be generically applicable to this drug class. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the Asp17Leu mutation reduces electrostatic repulsion and improves van-der-Waals packing, rendering the DARPin domain less flexible and more stable. Interestingly, this beneficial Asp17Leu mutation is present in the N-terminal caps of three of the five DARPin domains of ensovibep, a SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor currently in clinical development, indicating this mutation could be partly responsible for the very high melting temperature (>90 °C) of this promising anti-COVID-19 drug. Overall, such N-terminal capping repeats with increased thermostability seem to be beneficial for the development of innovative drugs based on DARPins.
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Hrynchak I, Santos L, Falcão A, Gomes CM, Abrunhosa AJ. Nanobody-Based Theranostic Agents for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Radiolabeling Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910745. [PMID: 34639086 PMCID: PMC8509594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer (BC) has been associated with a more aggressive tumor subtype, poorer prognosis and shorter overall survival. In this context, the development of HER2-targeted radiotracers is crucial to provide a non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression to select patients for HER2-targeted therapies, monitor response and identify those who become resistant. Antibodies represent ideal candidates for this purpose, as they provide high contrast images for diagnosis and low toxicity in the therapeutic setting. Of those, nanobodies (Nb) are of particular interest considering their favorable kinetics, crossing of relevant biological membranes and intratumoral distribution. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unique characteristics and advantages of Nb-based radiotracers in BC imaging and therapy. Additionally, radiolabeling methods for Nb including direct labeling, indirect labeling via prosthetic group and indirect labeling via complexation will be discussed, reporting advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, the preclinical to clinical translation of radiolabeled Nbs as promising theranostic agents will be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Liliana Santos
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Célia M. Gomes
- iCBR—Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC—Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Javadian P, Washington C, Mukasa S, Benbrook DM. Histopathologic, Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Endometrial Cancer Racial Disparity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081900. [PMID: 33920951 PMCID: PMC8071317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Black patients are diagnosed and die earlier of endometrial cancer in comparison with their White counterparts. Factors that have been implicated in this racial disparity, such as socioeconomic status, increased frequencies of more aggressive tumor histology, and comorbid conditions, do not account for all of the disparity. Molecular defects in the endometrial tumors likely also contribute to the more aggressive tumor biology and the patient disparities. In this study, we reviewed the published data of molecular characteristics of endometrial cancer in different races. The majority of the publications compare Black and White patients, and identify molecules and pathways that can be targeted with existing drugs. These findings encourage molecular profile studies comparing additional races and ethnicities, and development of race-specific treatments. Abstract In contrast to the decline in incidence and mortality of most other cancers, these rates are rising for endometrial cancer. Black women with endometrial cancer have earlier diagnosis, more aggressive histology, advanced stage and worse outcomes compared with their White counterparts. Socioeconomic status, a higher incidence of aggressive histology, and comorbid conditions are known factors leading to racial disparity in patients with endometrial cancer; nevertheless, they do not account for the entire racial disparity; which emphasizes the roles of molecular, histopathological and genetic factors. We performed a comprehensive review of all published scientific literature up to January 2021 reporting histopathologic, genetic and molecular factors associated with racial disparities in patients with endometrial cancer. The interactions and pathways of molecules reported to have significant differential expression in endometrial cancers from Black and White patients were identified with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The majority of studies compared Black and White patients; however, limited data are available for other racial and ethnic groups. Reported differences that could account for the worse survival of Black endometrial cancer patients include more aggressive histopathologies and molecular alterations, including upregulation of molecules driving cell cycle progression, and p53 and HER2/NEU signaling. Several of these molecules are targeted by existing pharmaceuticals. These findings encourage further study and the development of race-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Javadian
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Christina Washington
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Shylet Mukasa
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR 72916, USA;
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (D.M.B.)
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