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Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, André F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Mountzios G, Wistuba II, Swanton C, Peters S. Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell 2024; 187:1617-1635. [PMID: 38552610 PMCID: PMC7616034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The integration of cancer biomarkers into oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment, yielding remarkable advancements in cancer therapeutics and the prognosis of cancer patients. The development of personalized medicine represents a turning point and a new paradigm in cancer management, as biomarkers enable oncologists to tailor treatments based on the unique molecular profile of each patient's tumor. In this review, we discuss the scientific milestones of cancer biomarkers and explore future possibilities to improve the management of patients with solid tumors. This progress is primarily attributed to the biological characterization of cancers, advancements in testing methodologies, elucidation of the immune microenvironment, and the ability to profile circulating tumor fractions. Integrating these insights promises to continually advance the precision oncology field, fostering better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fabrice André
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Spirina LV, Avgustinovich AV, Bakina OV, Afanas'ev SG, Volkov MY, Vtorushin SV, Kovaleva IV, Klyushina TS, Munkuev IO. Targeted Sequencing in Gastric Cancer: Association with Tumor Molecular Characteristics and FLOT Therapy Effectiveness. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1281-1290. [PMID: 38392199 PMCID: PMC10887746 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of gastric cancer (GC) is the main trigger of the disease's relapse. The aim of this study was to investigate the connections between targeted genes, cancer clinical features, and the effectiveness of FLOT chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients with gastric cancers (GCs) were included in this study. Tumor-targeted sequencing was conducted, and real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of molecular markers in tumors. Seven patients with stabilization had mutations that were related to their response to therapy and were relevant to the tumor phenotype. Two patients had two mutations. The number of patients with TP53 mutations increased in HER2-positive tumor status. PD-L1-positive cancers had mutations in KRAS, TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, and ERBB, which resulted in an increase in PD-1 expression. TP53 mutation and PTEN mutation are associated with changes in factors associated with neoangiogenesis. In concusion, patients who did not have aggressive growth markers that were verified by molecular features had the best response to treatment, including complete morphologic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Spirina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Avgustinovich
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Olga V Bakina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Sergey G Afanas'ev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Maxim Yu Volkov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Sergey V Vtorushin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovaleva
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Klyushina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Igor O Munkuev
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Behl T, Kumar A, Vishakha, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Yadav S, Rashid S, Ali N, Ahmed AS, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau SG, Khan H. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and clinical aspects associated with protein and gene based biomarkers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126595. [PMID: 37648139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread and severe diseases with a huge mortality rate. In recent years, the second-leading mortality rate of any cancer globally has been breast cancer, which is one of the most common and deadly cancers found in women. Detecting breast cancer in its initial stages simplifies treatment, decreases death risk, and recovers survival rates for patients. The death rate for breast cancer has risen to 0.024 % in some regions. Sensitive and accurate technologies are required for the preclinical detection of BC at an initial stage. Biomarkers play a very crucial role in the early identification as well as diagnosis of women with breast cancer. Currently, a wide variety of cancer biomarkers have been discovered for the diagnosis of cancer. For the identification of these biomarkers from serum or other body fluids at physiological amounts, many detection methods have been developed. In the case of breast cancer, biomarkers are especially helpful in discovering those who are more likely to develop the disease, determining prognosis at the time of initial diagnosis and choosing the best systemic therapy. In this study we have compiled various clinical aspects and signaling pathways associated with protein-based biomarkers and gene-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar 140108, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar 140108, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, 141104 Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadah 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Saber Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 150001, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Zheng Y, Shen G, Zhang C, Huo X, Xin Y, Fang Q, Guan Y, Zhao F, Ren D, Liu Z, Wang M, Zhao J. Efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in the treatment of patients with HER2-mutated cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3205-3216. [PMID: 37120775 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (anti-HER2) therapy has shown excellent efficacy in patients with HER2 overexpression and amplification. Although HER2 mutations are rarely expressed in several cancers, when they occur, they can activate the HER2 signaling pathway. In recent years, studies have shown that anti-HER2 drugs have promising efficacy in patients with HER2 mutations. Based on keywords, we searched databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and the main conference abstracts. We extracted data on objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from studies on the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies in patients with HER2-mutated cancers, and analyzed grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs). We included 19 single-arm clinical studies and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), containing a total of 1017 patients with HER2 mutations, involving seven drugs and nine cancers, and 18 studies enrolled a high proportion of heavily pretreated patients who had received multiple lines of therapy. Our results showed pooled ORR and CBR of 25.0% (range, 3.8-72.7%; 95% CI, 18-32%) and 36.0% (range, 8.3-63.0%; 95% CI, 31-42%) for anti-HER2 therapy in HER2-mutated cancers. The pooled median PFS, OS, DOR were 4.89 (95% CI, 4.16-5.62), 12.78 (95% CI, 10.24-15.32), and 8.12 (95% CI, 6.48-9.75) months, respectively. In a subgroup analysis, we analyzed the ORR for different cancers, showing 27.0, 25.0, 23.0, and 16.0% for breast, lung, cervical, and biliary tract cancers, respectively. ORR analyses were performed for different drugs as monotherapy or in combination, showing 60.0% for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), 31.0% for pyrotinib, 26.0% for neratinib combined with trastuzumab, 25.0% for neratinib combined with fulvestrant, 19.0% for trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab, and 16.0% for neratinib. In addition, we found that diarrhoea, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were the most common grade ≥ 3 AEs associated with anti-HER2 therapeutic agents. In this meta-analysis of heavily pretreated patients with HER2 mutations, anti-HER2 therapies, DS-8201 and trastuzumab emtansine, showed promising efficacy and activity. Anti-HER2 therapies showed different efficacies in different or the same cancer settings and all had a tolerable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zheng
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Chengrong Zhang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Xingfa Huo
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Yuanfang Xin
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Yumei Guan
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
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Wang Q, Mao Z, Li W, Wang S, Wang L, Chen L, Yang Z, Fu X, Jiang P, Bai Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Hou Y, Jia X, Jiang L, Liu M, Zhang G, Jiang Y, Guo H. Characteristics of the immunogenicity and tumor immune microenvironment in HER2-amplified lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042072. [PMID: 36591290 PMCID: PMC9797999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Besides breast and gastric cancer, HER2 amplification/mutation are also found in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the correlation between HER2 variations and the phenotype of immunogenicity and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in LUAD compared with breast and gastric cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. Methods We integrated public databases (discovery set) and internal data (validated set) of 288 patients representing three distinct HER2-altered tumors. Genomic data were used to identify somatic mutations, copy number variations, and calculate tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability score. RNA sequencing was conducted to estimate immune gene signatures and contents of tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations. Finally, IHC was used to determine PD-L1 expression and the tumoral-infiltration of immune cells in 50 HER2-variant tumor specimens with no prior therapeutic regimens. Results Compared with HER2-amplified breast and gastric cancers, patients with HER2-amplified LUAD showed higher immunogenicity, mainly manifested in immune checkpoints expression and tissue/blood TMB. Additionally, HER2-amplified LUAD exhibited an inflamed TIME with remarkably increased genes encoding HLAs, T-cell activity and immune cell-type, and accompanied with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In LUAD, patients with HER2 amplification possessed higher tissue TMB than HER2 mutation, whereas no difference was observed in PD-L1 expression. HER2 amplification (primary) was associated with significantly higher PD-L1 expression and TMB than acquired HER2 amplification after resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Conclusion Patients with HER2-amplified LUAD have better immunogenicity and/or an inflamed TIME among HER2-aberrant tumors. Our study may provide clues for establishing the benefits and uses of ICIs for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziyang Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Panpan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Longwen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yina Jiang, ; Hui Guo,
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yina Jiang, ; Hui Guo,
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we briefly summarise the current knowledge about human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide an overview of the latest published evidence especially regarding standardisation of detection methods/diagnostic criteria, prognostication, prediction and targeted treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last 18 months, the results of many studies have been presented confirming the therapeutic potential of established anti-HER2 agents either as a monotherapy or in combination, as well as new anti-HER2 agents like antibody-drug-conjugates and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Also, we have seen confirmation of the utility of liquid biopsy and ctDNA analyses as tool for HER2 detection and patient selection. SUMMARY Despite concerning only 5% of metastatic CRC, HER2 represents a valuable target for emerging anti-HER2 therapies that might significantly improve the outcome of these patients. Standardising HER2 detection methods/diagnostic criteria, and producing high-quality, randomised evidence are the next challenges to meet the standards of regulatory authorities and ultimately have anti-HER2 agents available for use in routine practice.
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Garmendia I, Redin E, Montuenga LM, Calvo A. YES1: a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1371-1380. [PMID: 35732509 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
YES1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the SRC family of kinases (SFKs) and controls multiple cancer signaling pathways. YES1 is amplified and overexpressed in many tumor types, where it promotes cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness. Therefore, YES1 has been proposed as an emerging target in solid tumors. In addition, studies have shown that YES1 is a prognostic biomarker and a predictor of dasatinib activity. Several SFKs-targeting drugs have been developed and some of them have reached clinical trials. However, these drugs have encountered challenges to their utilization in the clinical practice in unselected patients due to toxicity and lack of efficacy. In the case of YES1, novel specific inhibitors have been developed and tested in preclinical models, with impressive antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize the structure and activation of YES1 and describe its role in cancer as a target and prognostic and companion biomarker. We also address the efficacy of SFKs inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials, highlighting the main hindrances for their clinical use. Current available information strongly suggests that inhibiting YES1 in tumors with high expression of this protein is a promising strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Garmendia
- INSERM UMRS1138. Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis M Montuenga
- CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
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Cen S, Xu H, Liu Z, Zhao R, Pan H, Han W. Immune microenvironment characteristics and their implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:318-328. [PMID: 35553632 PMCID: PMC9113110 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive gastric cancer is a distinct tumor subtype, accounting for ~10% of gastric cancer cases. It is characterized by HER2 overexpression and responds well to HER2-targeting therapies. Recently, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to HER2-targeting therapies produced satisfactory outcomes in these patients. In the present study, we used gene expression profiles and patient surgical sections to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment characteristics of gastric tumors with high HER2 expression. Several differentially enriched pathways were identified between the HER2 high-expression group and the low-expression group, such as pathways related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, calcium signaling, and cell adhesion molecules. Tumors with high HER2 expression comprised fewer stromal cells and fewer immune cells, and had higher tumor purity. They also presented with lower expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, and LAG-3. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive blueprint of the immune microenvironment of HER2-positive gastric tumors. This analysis highlights the importance of considering the tumor microenvironment when assessing response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rongjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Correspondence: Weidong Han, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3# East Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
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Integrative characterization of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas and associated invasive adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1929-1943. [PMID: 36056133 PMCID: PMC9708572 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a recently recognized intraductal neoplasm. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic and molecular features of this entity, based on a multi-institutional cohort of 16 pancreatic ITPNs and associated adenocarcinomas. The genomic profiles were analyzed using histology-driven multi-regional sequencing to provide insight on tumor heterogeneity and evolution. Furthermore, an exploratory transcriptomic characterization was performed on eight invasive adenocarcinomas. The clinicopathologic parameters and molecular alterations were further analyzed based on survival indices. The main findings were as follows: 1) the concomitant adenocarcinomas, present in 75% of cases, were always molecularly associated with the intraductal components. These data definitively establish ITPN as origin of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma; 2) alterations restricted to infiltrative components included mutations in chromatin remodeling genes ARID2, ASXL1, and PBRM1, and ERBB2-P3H4 fusion; 3) pancreatic ITPN can arise in the context of genetic syndromes, such as BRCA-germline and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; 4) mutational profile: mutations in the classical PDAC drivers are present, but less frequently, in pancreatic ITPN; 5) novel genomic alterations were observed, including amplification of the Cyclin and NOTCH family genes and ERBB2, fusions involving RET and ERBB2, and RB1 disruptive variation; 6) chromosomal alterations: the most common was 1q gain (75% of cases); 7) by transcriptome analysis, ITPN-associated adenocarcinomas clustered into three subtypes that correlate with the activation of signaling mechanism pathways and tumor microenvironment, displaying squamous features in their majority; and 8) TP53 mutational status is a marker for adverse prognosis. ITPNs are precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer with a high malignant transformation risk. A personalized approach for patients with ITPN should recognize that such neoplasms could arise in the context of genetic syndromes. BRCA alterations, ERBB2 and RET fusions, and ERBB2 amplification are novel targets in precision oncology. The TP53 mutation status can be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Association of Preoperative Serum Levels of CEA and CA15-3 with Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5529106. [PMID: 34621407 PMCID: PMC8492280 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Molecular subtypes are employed as a guide for targeted treatment and important prognostic factors. This study focused on investigating the association of serum levels of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer to find prognostic markers for breast cancer and provide precise targeted therapy. Materials and Methods In this study, 961 breast cancer patients with preoperative serum levels of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 and molecular subtypes were analyzed. Cut-off values of 5 ng/ml, 25 U/ml, and 35 U/ml were used for CEA, CA15-3, and CA125, respectively. The χ2 test and Fisher exact test along with logistic multivariate regression analysis were performed for investigating the correlation of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 serum levels with molecular subtypes and associated factors. Results An increase in the serum concentrations of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 was discovered in 48 (4.99%), 54 (5.62%), and 55 (5.72%) breast cancer patients, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the levels of CEA (p < 0.01) and CA15-3 (p < 0.05) were significantly linked with molecular types of breast cancer. Moreover, patients having larger tumor size (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively) along with nodal metastasis (p < 0.05, p = 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively) exhibited higher rates of elevated CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 levels. Status of Her-2 positive (p < 0.01) had a significant connection with elevated CEA levels. Multivariate analysis further indicated that molecular subtypes were independent factors associated with CEA and CA15-3 levels. Also, Her-2 status was significantly and independently related to CEA levels. Conclusion Preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 were independently associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. CEA and CA15-3 might improve the prognostic prediction for patients with breast cancer and inform the selection of specific therapies. A further biological analysis is needed for investigating the relationship between Her-2 expression and CEA levels.
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