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Zhang Q, Yu J, You Q, Wang L. Modulating Phosphorylation by Proximity-Inducing Modalities for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39648992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of proteins can lead to various diseases, particularly cancer. Therefore, the development of small molecules for precise regulation of protein phosphorylation holds great potential for drug design. While the traditional kinase/phosphatase small-molecule modulators have shown some success, achieving precise phosphorylation regulation has proven to be challenging. The emergence of heterobifunctional molecules, such as phosphorylation-inducing chimeric small molecules (PHICSs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), with proximity-inducing modalities is expected to lead to a breakthrough by specifically recruiting kinase or phosphatase to the protein of interest. Herein, we summarize the drug targets with aberrant phosphorylation in cancer and underscore the potential of correcting phosphorylation in cancer therapy. Through reported cases of heterobifunctional molecules targeting phosphorylation regulation, we highlight the current design strategies and features of these molecules. We also provide a systematic elaboration of the link between aberrantly phosphorylated targets and cancer as well as the existing challenges and future research directions for developing heterobifunctional molecular drugs for phosphorylation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Yang X, Ma X, Zhao T, Croucher DR, Nguyen EV, Clark KC, Hu C, Latham SL, Bayly-Jones C, Nguyen VCB, Budnar S, Shin S, Nguyen LK, Cotton TR, Chueh AC, Sian TCLK, Stratton MM, Ellisdon AM, Daly RJ. Feed-forward stimulation of CAMK2 by the oncogenic pseudokinase PEAK1 generates a therapeutically "actionable" signalling axis in triple negative breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580406. [PMID: 38405732 PMCID: PMC10888886 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The PEAK family of pseudokinases, comprising PEAK1-3, are signalling scaffolds that play oncogenic roles in several poor prognosis human cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, therapeutic targeting of pseudokinases is challenging due to their lack of catalytic activity. To address this, we screened for PEAK1 effectors by affinity purification and mass spectrometry, identifying calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2)D and CAMK2G. PEAK1 promoted CAMK2D/G activation in TNBC cells via a novel feed-forward mechanism involving PEAK1/PLCg1/Ca2+ signalling and direct binding via a consensus CAMK2 interaction motif in the PEAK1 N-terminus. In turn, CAMK2 phosphorylated PEAK1 to enhance association with PEAK2, which is critical for PEAK1 oncogenic signalling. To achieve pharmacologic targeting of PEAK1/CAMK2, we repurposed RA306, a second generation CAMK2 inhibitor under pre-clinical development for treatment of cardiovascular disease. RA306 demonstrated on-target activity against CAMK2 in TNBC cells and inhibited PEAK1-enhanced migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, RA306 significantly attenuated TNBC xenograft growth and blocked metastasis in a manner mirrored by CRISPR-mediated PEAK1 ablation. Overall, these studies establish PEAK1 as a critical cell signalling nexus, identify a novel mechanism for regulation of Ca2+ signalling and its integration with tyrosine kinase signals, and identify CAMK2 as a therapeutically "actionable" target downstream of PEAK1.
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Kratzwald S, Schwarz TC, Ledolter K, Hlavac M, Felkl M, Becker CFW, Konrat R, Lichtenecker RJ. Synthesis of a 13C/ 2H Labeled Building Block to Probe the Phosphotyrosine Interactome Using Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2024:e202400663. [PMID: 39271462 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) recognition coordinates the assembly of protein complexes, thus controlling key events of cell cycle, cell development and programmed cell death. Although many aspects of membrane receptor function and intracellular signal transduction have been deciphered in the last decades, the details of how phosphorylation alters protein-protein interaction and creates regulating switches of protein activity and localization often remains unclear. We developed a synthetic route to a protected phophotyrosine building block with isolated 13C-1H spins in the aromatic ring. The compound can be used for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and readily applied to study affinity, dynamics and interactions on an atomic level using NMR spectroscopy. As a first example, we prepared an isotopologue of a pTyr containing 12mer peptide (pY1021) as part of the platelet-derived growth factor to analyze the binding to the phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ-1) SH2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kratzwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Mag-Lab Vienna, Karl-Farkas Gasse 22, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas C Schwarz
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Karin Ledolter
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Matus Hlavac
- Mag-Lab Vienna, Karl-Farkas Gasse 22, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Manuel Felkl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Roman J Lichtenecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Mag-Lab Vienna, Karl-Farkas Gasse 22, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna, 1030, Austria
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4
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Cheng Z, Gan W, Xiang Q, Zhao K, Gao H, Chen Y, Shi P, Zhang A, Li G, Song Y, Feng X, Yang C, Zhang Y. Impaired degradation of PLCG1 by chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes cellular senescence and intervertebral disc degeneration. Autophagy 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39212196 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2395797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) are associated with cellular senescence, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that CMA inhibition induced cellular senescence in a calcium-dependent manner and identified its role in TNF-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) and intervertebral disc degeneration. Based on structural and functional proteomic screens, PLCG1 (phospholipase C gamma 1) was predicted as a potential substrate for CMA deficiency to affect calcium homeostasis. We further confirmed that PLCG1 was a key mediator of CMA in the regulation of intracellular calcium flux. Aberrant accumulation of PLCG1 caused by CMA blockage resulted in calcium overload, thereby inducing NPC senescence. Immunoassays on human specimens showed that reduced LAMP2A, the rate-limiting protein of CMA, or increased PLCG1 was associated with disc senescence, and the TNF-induced disc degeneration in rats was inhibited by overexpression of Lamp2a or knockdown of Plcg1. Because CMA dysregulation, calcium overload, and cellular senescence are common features of disc degeneration and other age-related degenerative diseases, the discovery of actionable molecular targets that can link these perturbations may have therapeutic value.Abbreviation: ATRA: all-trans-retinoic acid; BrdU: bromodeoxyuridine; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16-INK4A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DHI: disc height index; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; IP: immunoprecipitation; IP3: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; ITPR/IP3R: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; IVD: intervertebral disc; IVDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; Leu: leupeptin; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MS: mass spectrometry; N/L: NH4Cl and leupeptin; NP: nucleus pulposus; NPC: nucleus pulposus cells; PI: protease inhibitors; PLC: phospholipase C; PLCG1: phospholipase C gamma 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR; SA-GLB1/β-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; STV: starvation; TMT: tandem mass tag; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TP53: tumor protein p53; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weikang Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengzhi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Malekan M, Haass NK, Rokni GR, Gholizadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Kazeminejad A. VEGF/VEGFR axis and its signaling in melanoma: Current knowledge toward therapeutic targeting agents and future perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 345:122563. [PMID: 38508233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer-associated deaths globally. The progression of melanoma is influenced by a number of pathogenic processes. Understanding the VEGF/VEGFR axis, which includes VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D and their receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, is of great importance in melanoma due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. This axis generates multifactorial and complex cellular signaling, engaging the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PKC, PLC-γ, and FAK signaling pathways. Melanoma cell growth and proliferation, migration and metastasis, survival, and acquired resistance to therapy are influenced by this axis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was extensively examined for their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients and results showed that VEGF overexpression can be associated with unfavorable prognosis, higher level of tumor invasion and poor response to therapy. MicroRNAs linking to the VEGF/VEGFR axis were identified and, in this review, divided into two categories according to their functions, some of them promote melanoma angiogenesis (promotive group) and some restrict melanoma angiogenesis (protective group). In addition, the approach of treating melanoma by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis has garnered significant interest among researchers. These agents can be divided into two main groups: anti-VEGF and VEGFR inhibitors. These therapeutic options may be a prominent step along with the modern targeting and immune therapies for better coverage of pathological processes leading to melanoma progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazeminejad
- Department of Dermatology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran
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Jain NK, Tailang M, Thangavel N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Zoghebi K, Alagusundaram M, Jain HK, Chandrasekaran B. A comprehensive overview of selective and novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a potential anticancer modality. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:1-36. [PMID: 38554385 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The arrival of comprehensive genome sequencing has accelerated the understanding of genetically aberrant advanced cancers and target identification for possible cancer treatment. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations are frequent findings in various rare and advanced cancers refractive to mainstay chemo-therapy or surgical interventions. Several FGFR inhibitors have been developed for addressing these genetically altered FGFR-harboring malignancies, and some have performed well in clinical trials. In contrast, others are still being investigated in different phases of clinical trials. FDA has approved four anticancer agents such as erdafitinib, pemigatinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib, for clinical use in oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies. These include cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid malignancies. Pemigatinib is the only FGFR inhibitor globally approved (USA, EU, and Japan) and available as a targeted therapy for two types of cancer, including FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangements harboring cholangiocarcinoma and relapsed/refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangements. Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm is the latest area of application added to the therapeutic armamentarium of FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, futibatinib is the first-in-class covalent or irreversible pan-FGFR inhibitor that has received FDA approval for locally advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene aberrations. This review highlights the current clinical progress concerning the safety and efficacy of all the approved FGFR-TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their ongoing investigations in clinical trials for other oncogenic FGFR-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmacy, ITM University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Tailang
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hemant Kumar Jain
- Department of General Medicine Government Medical College Datia 475661, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Li H, Tang Q, Yang B, Shi Z, Mao Y. Microneedle Patch Delivery of PLCG1-siRNA Efficient Enhanced Temozolomide Therapy for Glioblastoma. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:655-665. [PMID: 38242535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and drug resistance present challenges for chemotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM). A microneedle (MN) patch with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability was designed to bypass the BBB and release temozolomide (TMZ) and PLCG1-siRNA directly into the tumor site for synergistic treatment of GBM. The codelivery of TMZ and PLCG1-siRNA enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis. The potential mechanism behind this enhancement is to knockdown of PLCG1 expression, which positively regulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 genes, thereby preventing DNA repair and enhancing the sensitivity of GBM to TMZ. The MN patch enables long-term sustainable drug release through in situ implantation and increases local drug concentrations in diseased areas, significantly extending mouse survival time compared to other drug treatment groups. MN drug delivery provides a platform for the combination treatment of GBM and other central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 200433 Henan, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Miao X, Shen S, Koch G, Wang X, Li J, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Systems pharmacodynamic model of combined gemcitabine and trabectedin in pancreatic cancer cells. Part I.Çô Effects on signal transduction pathways related to tumor growth. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:214-227. [PMID: 38498417 PMCID: PMC11017371 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often chemotherapy-resistant, and novel drug combinations would fill an unmet clinical need. Previously we reported synergistic cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin on pancreatic cancer cells, but underlying protein-level interaction mechanisms remained unclear. We employed a reliable, sensitive, comprehensive, quantitative, high-throughput IonStar proteomic workflow to investigate the time course of gemcitabine and trabectedin effects, alone and combined, upon pancreatic cancer cells. MiaPaCa-2 cells were incubated with vehicle (controls), gemcitabine, trabectedin, and their combinations over 72 hours. Samples were collected at intervals and analyzed using the label-free IonStar liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) workflow to provide temporal quantification of protein expression for 4,829 proteins in four experimental groups. To characterize diverse signal transduction pathways, a comprehensive systems pharmacodynamic (SPD) model was developed. The analysis is presented in two parts. Here, Part I describes drug responses in cancer cell growth and migration pathways included in the full model: receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK), integrin-, G-protein coupled receptor- (GPCR), and calcium-signaling pathways. The developed model revealed multiple underlying mechanisms of drug actions, provides insight into the basis of drug interaction synergism, and offers a scientific rationale for potential drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xue Wang
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Li
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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9
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Roh TH, Chae MK, Ko JS, Kikkawa DO, Jang SY, Yoon JS. Phospholipase C-γ as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Graves' Orbitopathy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:739-749. [PMID: 37989267 PMCID: PMC10765002 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) plays a crucial role in immune responses and is related to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of PLC-γ and the therapeutic effect of the PLC-specific inhibitor U73122 using orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). METHODS The expression of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) and phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction in GO and normal orbital tissues/fibroblasts. The primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts were treated with non-toxic concentrations of U73122 with or without interleukin (IL)-1β to determine its therapeutic efficacy. The proinflammatory cytokine levels and activation of downstream signaling molecules were determined using Western blotting. RESULTS PLCG1 and PLCG2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in GO orbital tissues than in controls (P<0.05). PLCG1 and PLCG2 mRNA expression was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and a cluster of differentiation 40 ligand-stimulated GO fibroblasts. U73122 significantly inhibited the IL-1β-induced expression of proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and p38 (p-p38) kinase in GO fibroblasts, whereas it inhibited IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1, and p-Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in normal fibroblasts (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PLC-γ-inhibiting U73122 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 kinase in GO fibroblasts. This study indicates the implications of PLC-γ in GO pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Roh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tao P, Han X, Wang Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu L, Fan X, Liu C, Liu M, Guo L, Lee PY, Aksentijevich I, Zhou Q. A gain-of-function variation in PLCG1 causes a new immune dysregulation disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1292-1302. [PMID: 37422272 PMCID: PMC10770301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase C (PLC) γ1 is a critical enzyme regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular signal-related kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling pathways, yet germline PLCG1 mutation in human disease has not been reported. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of a PLCG1 activating variant in a patient with immune dysregulation. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was used to identify the patient's pathogenic variants. Bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, cytometry by time of flight, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, luciferase assay, IP-One ELISA, calcium flux assay, and cytokine measurements in patient PBMCs and T cells and COS-7 and Jurkat cell lines were used to define inflammatory signatures and assess the impact of the PLCG1 variant on protein function and immune signaling. RESULTS We identified a novel and de novo heterozygous PLCG1 variant, p.S1021F, in a patient presenting with early-onset immune dysregulation disease. We demonstrated that the S1021F variant is a gain-of-function variant, leading to increased inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate production, intracellular Ca2+ release, and increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase, p65, and p38. The transcriptome and protein expression at the single-cell level revealed exacerbated inflammatory responses in the patient's T cells and monocytes. The PLCG1 activating variant resulted in enhanced NF-κB and type II interferon pathways in T cells, and hyperactivated NF-κB and type I interferon pathways in monocytes. Treatment with either PLCγ1 inhibitor or Janus kinase inhibitor reversed the upregulated gene expression profile in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the critical role of PLCγ1 in maintaining immune homeostasis. We illustrate immune dysregulation as a consequence of PLCγ1 activation and provide insight into therapeutic targeting of PLCγ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Tao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xu Han
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology & Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Qing Zhou
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Orsini F, Crotti C, Cincinelli G, Di Taranto R, Amati A, Ferrito M, Varenna M, Caporali R. Bone Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloartritis: An Updated Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37887030 PMCID: PMC10604370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Several rheumatologic diseases are primarily distinguished by their involvement of bone tissue, which not only serves as a mere target of the condition but often plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. This scenario is particularly prominent in chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Given the immunological and systemic nature of these diseases, in this review, we report an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying specific bone involvement, focusing on the complex interactions that occur between bone tissue's own cells and the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system, a recent and fascinating field of interest defined as osteoimmunology. Specifically, we comprehensively elaborate on the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of bone erosion seen in both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, as well as the characteristic process of aberrant bone formation observed in spondyloarthritis. Lastly, chronic inflammatory arthritis leads to systemic bone involvement, resulting in systemic bone loss and consequent osteoporosis, along with increased skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Cincinelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Amati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Varenna
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Le DDT, Le TPH, Lee SY. PIP5Kγ Mediates PI(4,5)P2/Merlin/LATS1 Signaling Activation and Interplays with Hsc70 in Hippo-YAP Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14786. [PMID: 37834234 PMCID: PMC10572892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) family produces the critical lipid regulator phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we investigated the potential role of PIP5Kγ, a PIP5K isoform, in the Hippo pathway. The ectopic expression of PIP5Kγ87 or PIP5Kγ90, two major PIP5Kγ splice variants, activated large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and inhibited Yes-associated protein (YAP), whereas PIP5Kγ knockdown yielded opposite effects. The regulatory effects of PIP5Kγ were dependent on its catalytic activity and the presence of Merlin and LATS1. PIP5Kγ knockdown weakened the restoration of YAP phosphorylation upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor or lysophosphatidic acid. We further found that PIP5Kγ90 bound to the Merlin's band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain, forming a complex with PI(4,5)P2 and LATS1 at the PM. Notably, PIP5Kγ90, but not its kinase-deficient mutant, potentiated Merlin-LATS1 interaction and recruited LATS1 to the PM. Consistently, PIP5Kγ knockdown or inhibitor (UNC3230) enhanced colony formation in carcinoma cell lines YAP-dependently. In addition, PIP5Kγ90 interacted with heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein (Hsc70), which also contributed to Hippo pathway activation. Collectively, our results suggest that PIP5Kγ regulates the Hippo-YAP pathway by forming a functional complex with Merlin and LATS1 at the PI(4,5)P2-rich PM and via interplay with Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Duy Thai Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (D.D.T.L.); (T.P.H.L.)
| | - Truc Phan Hoang Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (D.D.T.L.); (T.P.H.L.)
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (D.D.T.L.); (T.P.H.L.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Roy A, Chauhan S, Bhattacharya S, Jakhmola V, Tyagi K, Sachdeva A, Wasai A, Mandal S. Runt-related transcription factors in human carcinogenesis: a friend or foe? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9409-9423. [PMID: 37081242 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the deadliest pathologies with more than 19 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths across the globe. Despite development of advanced therapeutic interventions, cancer remains as a fatal pathology due to lack of early prognostic biomarkers, therapy resistance and requires identification of novel drug targets. METHODS Runt-related transcription factors (Runx) family controls several cellular and physiological functions including osteogenesis. Recent literatures from PubMed was mined and the review was written in comprehensive manner RESULTS: Recent literature suggests that aberrant expression of Runx contributes to tumorigenesis of many organs. Conversely, cell- and tissue-specific tumor suppressor roles of Runx are also reported. In this review, we have provided the structural/functional properties of Runx isoforms and its regulation in context of human cancer. Moreover, in an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic interventions against cancer, we comprehensively discussed the reported oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of Runx isoforms in several tumor types and discussed the discrepancies that may have risen on Runx as a driver of malignant transformation. CONCLUSION Runx may be a novel therapeutic target against a battery of deadly human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
| | - Shivi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Vibhuti Jakhmola
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abha Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abdul Wasai
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
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14
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Salucci S, Aramini B, Bartoletti-Stella A, Versari I, Martinelli G, Blalock W, Stella F, Faenza I. Phospholipase Family Enzymes in Lung Cancer: Looking for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3245. [PMID: 37370855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common neoplasm in men and the third most common in women. In the last decade, LC therapies have undergone significant improvements with the advent of immunotherapy. However, the effectiveness of the available treatments remains insufficient due to the presence of therapy-resistant cancer cells. For decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have dominated the treatment strategy for LC; however, relapses occur rapidly and result in poor survival. Malignant lung tumors are classified as either small- or non-small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC and NSCLC). Despite improvements in the treatment of LC in recent decades, the benefits of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited, although they have improved the prognosis of LC despite the persistent low survival rate due to distant metastasis in the late stage. The identification of novel prognostic molecular markers is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of LC initiation and progression. The potential role of phosphatidylinositol in tumor growth and the metastatic process has recently been suggested by some researchers. Phosphatidylinositols are lipid molecules and key players in the inositol signaling pathway that have a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, membrane trafficking, and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase enzymes and their emerging roles in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Versari
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza'' Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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15
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Le TPH, Nguyen NTT, Le DDT, Anwar MA, Lee SY. Lipid kinase PIP5Kα contributes to Hippo pathway activation via interaction with Merlin and by mediating plasma membrane targeting of LATS1. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:149. [PMID: 37337213 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in controlled cell proliferation. The tumor suppressor Merlin and large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) mediate activation of Hippo pathway, consequently inhibiting the primary effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a lipid present in the plasma membrane (PM), binds to and activates Merlin. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase α (PIP5Kα) is an enzyme responsible for PIP2 production. However, the functional role of PIP5Kα in regulation of Merlin and LATS1 under Hippo signaling conditions remains unclear. METHODS PIP5Kα, Merlin, or LATS1 knockout or knockdown cells and transfected cells with them were used. LATS1, YAP, and TAZ activities were measured using biochemical methods and PIP2 levels were evaluated using cell imaging. Low/high cell density and serum starvation/stimulation conditions were tested. Colocalization of PIP5Kα and PIP2 with Merlin and LATS1, and their protein interactions were examined using transfection, confocal imaging, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and/or pull-down experiments. Colony formation and adipocyte differentiation assays were performed. RESULTS We found that PIP5Kα induced LATS1 activation and YAP/TAZ inhibition in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Consistent with these findings, PIP5Kα suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, PIP5Kα protein stability and PIP2 levels were elevated at high cell density compared with those at low cell density, and both PIP2 and YAP phosphorylation levels initially declined, then recovered upon serum stimulation. Under these conditions, YAP/TAZ activity was aberrantly regulated by PIP5Kα deficiency. Mechanistically, either Merlin deficiency or LATS1 deficiency abrogated PIP5Kα-mediated YAP/TAZ inactivation. Additionally, the catalytic domain of PIP5Kα directly interacted with the band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of Merlin, and this interaction reinforced interaction of Merlin with LATS1. In accordance with these findings, PIP5Kα and PIP2 colocalized with Merlin and LATS1 in the PM. In PIP5Kα-deficient cells, Merlin colocalization with PIP2 was reduced, and LATS1 solubility increased. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results support that PIP5Kα serves as an activator of the Hippo pathway through interaction and colocalization with Merlin, which promotes PIP2-dependent Merlin activation and induces local recruitment of LATS1 to the PIP2-rich PM and its activation, thereby negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Phan Hoang Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Nga Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Duong Duy Thai Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University International Campus, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sun Y, Wang M, Chen H, Wang H, Zhong Z, Zhou L, Fu L, Li C, Sun S. Insights into symbiotic interactions from metatranscriptome analysis of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons under long-term laboratory maintenance. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:444-459. [PMID: 36326559 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Symbioses between invertebrates and chemosynthetic bacteria are of fundamental importance in deep-sea ecosystems, but the mechanisms that enable their symbiont associations are still largely undescribed, owing to the culturable difficulties of deep-sea lives. Bathymodiolinae mussels are remarkable in their ability to overcome decompression and can be maintained successfully for an extended period under atmospheric pressure, thus providing a model for investigating the molecular basis of symbiotic interactions. Herein, we conducted metatranscriptome sequencing and gene co-expression network analysis of Gigantidas platifrons under laboratory maintenance with gradual loss of symbionts. The results revealed that one-day short-term maintenance triggered global transcriptional perturbation in symbionts, but little gene expression changes in mussel hosts, which were mainly involved in responses to environmental changes. Long-term maintenance with depleted symbionts induced a metabolic shift in the mussel host. The most notable changes were the suppression of sterol biosynthesis and the complementary activation of terpenoid backbone synthesis in response to the reduction of bacteria-derived terpenoid sources. In addition, we detected the upregulation of host proteasomes responsible for amino acid deprivation caused by symbiont depletion. Additionally, a significant correlation between host microtubule motor activity and symbiont abundance was revealed, suggesting the possible function of microtubule-based intracellular trafficking in the nutritional interaction of symbiosis. Overall, by analyzing the dynamic transcriptomic changes during the loss of symbionts, our study highlights the nutritional importance of symbionts in supplementing terpenoid compounds and essential amino acids and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms and strategies underlying the symbiotic interactions in deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Xiao X, Li J, Wan S, Wu M, Li Z, Tian J, Mi J. A novel signature based on pyroptosis-related genes for predicting prognosis and treatment response in prostate cancer patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:1006151. [PMID: 36386841 PMCID: PMC9648539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death accompanied by specific inflammatory and immune responses, and it is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various cancers. However, the roles of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in the prognosis, treatment response, and tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer (PCa) remain to be investigated. Methods: The mRNA expression data and clinical information of PCa patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics website, and the 52 PRGs were obtained from the published papers. The univariate, multivariate, and LASSO Cox regression algorithms were used to obtain prognostic hub PRGs. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of hub genes between PCa lines and normal prostate epithelial cell lines. We then constructed and validated a risk model associated with the patient's disease-free survival (DFS). Finally, the relationships between risk score and clinicopathological characteristics, tumor immune microenvironment, and drug treatment response of PCa were systematically analyzed. Results: A prognostic risk model was constructed with 6 hub PRGs (CHMP4C, GSDMB, NOD2, PLCG1, CYCS, GPX4), and patients were divided into high and low-risk groups by median risk score. The risk score was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for PCa in both the training and external validation sets. Patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group, and they had more increased somatic mutations, higher immune cell infiltration and higher expression of immune checkpoint-related genes. Moreover, they were more sensitive to cell cycle-related chemotherapeutic drugs and might be more responsive to immunotherapy. Conclusion: In our study, pyroptosis played a significant role in the management of the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of PCa. Meanwhile, the established model might help to develop more effective individual treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shun Wan
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Wu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Puccini A, Seeber A, Berger MD. Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Status Quo and Future Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4828. [PMID: 36230751 PMCID: PMC9564318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer worldwide, and its incidence is steadily increasing. During the last two decades, a tremendous improvement in outcome has been achieved, mainly due to the introduction of novel drugs, targeted treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and biomarker-driven patient selection. Moreover, progress in molecular diagnostics but also improvement in surgical techniques and local ablative treatments significantly contributed to this success. However, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to further improve outcome in patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC. Besides the established biomarkers for mCRC, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), RAS/BRAF, sidedness and HER2 amplification, new biomarkers have to be identified to better select patients who derive the most benefit from a specific treatment. In this review, we provide an overview about therapeutic relevant and established biomarkers but also shed light on potential promising markers that may help us to better tailor therapy to the individual mCRC patient in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin D. Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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