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Jadhav PA, Hole A, Ingle A, Govekar R, Noothalapati H, Krishna CM. Serum Raman spectroscopy: Evaluation of tumour load variations in experimental carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300424. [PMID: 38229194 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Several serum Raman spectroscopy (RS) studies have demonstrated its potential as an oral cancer screening tool. This study investigates influence of low tumour load (LTL) and high tumour load (HTL) on serum RS using hamster buccal pouch model of experimental oral carcinogenesis. Sera of untreated control, LTL, and HTL groups at week intervals during malignant transformation were employed. Serum Raman spectra were subjected to multivariate analyses-principal component analysis, principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (for stratification of study groups), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) (to comprehend biomolecular differences). Multivariate analysis revealed misclassifications between LTL and HTL at all week intervals. MCR-ALS components showed statistically significant abundances between control versus LTL and control versus HTL, but could not discern LTL and HTL. MCR-ALS components exhibited spectral mixtures of proteins, lipids, heme and nucleic acids. Thus, these findings support use of serum RS as a screening tool as varying tumour load is not a confounding factor influencing the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Jadhav
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Ingle
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Centre for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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Castellani G, Buccarelli M, Arasi MB, Rossi S, Pisanu ME, Bellenghi M, Lintas C, Tabolacci C. BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Biological Aspects, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4026. [PMID: 37627054 PMCID: PMC10452867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Recent therapeutic approaches, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have improved the prognosis and outcome of melanoma patients. BRAF is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes recognised in melanoma. The most frequent oncogenic BRAF mutations consist of a single point mutation at codon 600 (mostly V600E) that leads to constitutive activation of the BRAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signalling pathway. Therefore, mutated BRAF has become a useful target for molecular therapy and the use of BRAF kinase inhibitors has shown promising results. However, several resistance mechanisms invariably develop leading to therapeutic failure. The aim of this manuscript is to review the role of BRAF mutational status in the pathogenesis of melanoma and its impact on differentiation and inflammation. Moreover, this review focuses on the mechanisms responsible for resistance to targeted therapies in BRAF-mutated melanoma and provides an overview of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA, and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.B.); (M.B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.B.); (M.B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Arasi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.B.); (M.B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.B.); (M.B.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- High Resolution NMR Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.B.); (M.B.A.); (S.R.)
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Tan B, Seth I, Fischer O, Hewitt L, Melville G, Bulloch G, Ashford B. Sex Disparity for Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235830. [PMID: 36497312 PMCID: PMC9740937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) is unevenly distributed between men and women. At present, the mechanism behind this disparity remains elusive. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions to investigate the disparity between sexes for patients with HNcSCC. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL were searched in November 2021 and June 2022 (N > 50, English, human), and studies which examined the association between sex and HNcSCC were included. Analysis was conducted using RStudio with data and forest plots displaying males as a proportion of total patients with HNcSCC. Two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, data analysis and risk of bias. Eighty-two studies (1948 to 2018) comprising approximately 186,000 participants (67% male, 33% female) from 29 countries were included. Significantly more males had HNcSCC overall (71%; CI: 67−74). Males were also significantly more affected by cSCC of the ear (92%; CI: 89−94), lip (74%; CI: 66−81), and eyelid (56%; CI: 51−62). This study found HNcSCC disproportionately affected males overall and across all subtypes. Improving our understanding of sex-specific mechanisms in HNcSCC will better inform our preventive, therapeutic and prognostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tan
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ishith Seth
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Olivia Fischer
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-42534801
| | - Geoffrey Melville
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Sex, Allergic Diseases and Omalizumab. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020328. [PMID: 35203537 PMCID: PMC8869622 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences are increasingly emerging in every area of medicine including drug therapy; however, specific gender-targeted studies are infrequent. Sex is a fundamental variable, which cannot be neglected. When optimizing therapies, gender pharmacology must always be considered in order to improve the effectiveness and safety of the use of drugs. Knowledge of gender differences promotes appropriate use of therapies and greater health protection for both genders. Further development of gender research would make it possible to report on differences in the assimilation and response of the female organism as compared to the male, in order to identify potential risks and benefits that can be found between genders. Furthermore, a better understanding of sex/gender-related influences, with regard to pharmacological activity, would allow the development of personalized “tailor-made” medicines. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge on the role of sex in several allergic diseases and their treatment with omalizumab, the first biologic drug authorized for use in the field of allergology.
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