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Wang H, Jia W, Xi Y, Li Y, Fan Y, Deng X, Chen Z. Morphometric and Hemodynamic Analysis of the Compressed Iliac Vein. J Endovasc Ther 2024; 31:744-755. [PMID: 36408873 DOI: 10.1177/15266028221134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the morphological structure and hemodynamic properties of the compressed iliac vein and explore the reason for the formation of thrombosis in the compressed iliac vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 11 patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) were included in this study, and their iliac veins were reconstructed in 3 dimensions (3D). The morphological structures of the iliac veins (confluence angle, degree of stenosis) were analyzed based on the 3D model. Variations in the hemodynamic properties of the iliac vein were investigated at 4 typical moments in one cardiac cycle, and the relationship between the different morphological configurations and the pressure difference was investigated. RESULTS In the region of the compressed iliac vein, the blood flow velocity is accelerated and the pressure changes abruptly accompanied by the increase in pressure difference. Higher time averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and lower relative residence time (RRT) appeared in stenosis regions of compressed iliac vein, while TAWSS was low and RRT was large near the stenosis position. There was a strong positive correlation between the degree of stenosis and the pressure difference (r=0.894), and a positive correlation between the confluence angle of the iliac vein and the pressure difference (r=0.638). CONCLUSION The morphological structure of the compressed iliac vein has an obvious influence on the hemodynamic surroundings; the pressure difference becomes larger when the degree of stenosis and the confluence angle increase. The iliac vein luminal areas with low TAWSS and high RRT near the compressed location can impede blood flow and lead to accumulation of blood components, which may increase the risk of thrombosis formation and should be fully considered in the treatment of IVCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Xi
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Liu B, Zhao J, Chen X, Fang K, Yang W, Zhang X, Shu C. Hemodynamic analysis of unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis based on fluid-structure interaction. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38009048 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2282949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) hypertension is a common type of secondary hypertension. This paper aimed to explore how unilateral renal artery stenosis (Uni-RAS) and bilateral renal artery stenosis (Bi-RAS) caused renovascular hypertension with the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. Based on a real RAS model, 20 ideal models with different stenosis degrees were established by modifying the stenosis segment. The hemodynamic parameters at different degrees of stenosis, mass flow rate (MFR), pressure drop (PD), fractional flow reserve (FFR), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT), were numerically calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The numerical results showed that RAS caused the decrease of MFR, and the increase of PD and the proportion of high OSI and high RRT. In the case of RAS, it could not be regarded as a reference indicator for causing renovascular hypertension that the value of FFR was greater than 0.9. In addition, the results of the statistical analysis indicated that Uni-RAS and Bi-RAS were statistically different for MFR, PD and the proportion of high RRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelan Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Jin Y, Cao Y, Song H, Chen L, Li F, Li X, Chen W. Evaluating Short-Term and Long-Term Risks Associated with Renal Artery Stenosis Position and Severity: A Hemodynamic Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1002. [PMID: 37760104 PMCID: PMC10525140 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Moderate renal artery stenosis (50-70%) may lead to uncontrolled hypertension and eventually cause irreversible damage to renal function. However, the clinical criteria for interventional treatment are still ambiguous in this condition. This study investigated the impact of the position and degree of renal artery stenosis on hemodynamics near the renal artery to assess the short-term and long-term risks associated with this disease. Methods: Calculation models with different degrees of stenosis (50%, 60%, and 70%) located at different positions in the right renal artery were established based on the computed tomography angiography (CTA) of a personalized case. And computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze hemodynamic surroundings near the renal artery. Results: As the degree of stenosis increases and the stenosis position is far away from the aorta, there is a decrease in renal perfusion. An analysis of the wall shear stress (WSS)-related parameters indicated areas near the renal artery (downstream of the stenosis and the entrance of the right renal artery) with potential long-term risks of thrombosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The position and degree of stenosis play a significant role in judging short-term risks associated with renal perfusion. Moreover, clinicians should consider not only short-term risks but also independent long-term risk factors, such as certain regions of 50% stenosis with adequate renal perfusion may necessitate prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yike Shi
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yusheng Jin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yifan Cao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Hui Song
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Fen Li
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.C.)
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Park J, Kim J, Lee J. Multivariable Technique for the Evaluation of the Trans-stenotic Pressure Gradient. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:104-114. [PMID: 35879586 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-022-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study establishes a reliable image-based multivariable technique for measuring the trans-stenotic pressure gradient. METHODS A self-made in vitro steady flow model based on adjustable velocities and stenotic properties were used as the experimental subject. The pre-stenotic flow velocity, severity, and length of the stenosis were used as the input variables. Based on equations used to fit the plots of the physically measured pressure gradient values versus each input variable, a multivariable formula for the pressure gradient measurement could then be derived. The flow model was scanned using velocity-encoded phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) to validate the derived formula while simultaneously measuring the trans-stenotic pressure gradient. The correlation between the physically-measured pressure gradient values and the pressure gradient values calculated using the new formula were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS The results of linear regression analysis using the physically measured pressure gradient values for the new method were compared to values obtained using the simplified Bernoulli equation (R2, 0.991, and 0.975, respectively). In a paired t-test, no statistically significant difference was found between the new method and the physical measurements. CONCLUSIONS The derived multivariable technique was found to reliably measure the trans-stenotic pressure gradient, with better performance than a traditional procedure based on the simplified Bernoulli equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Park
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Kim
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University & Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University & Hospital, 50, Samduk 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, Republic of Korea.
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Prediction of vortex structures in pulsatile flow through S-bend arterial geometry with different stenosis levels. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Patient-Specific Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Abdominal Aorta and Branches. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091502. [PMID: 36143287 PMCID: PMC9503755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated abdominal aorta and its branches are a portion of the circulatory system prone to developing atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysms. These disorders are closely connected to the changing blood flow environment that the area’s complicated architecture produces (between celiac artery and iliac artery bifurcation); this phenomenon is widespread at arterial bifurcations. Based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, this current work offers a numerical analysis of a patient-specific reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and its branches to identify and emphasize the most likely areas to develop atherosclerosis. The simulations were run following the heart cycle and under physiological settings. The wall shear stress (WSS), velocity field, and streamlines were examined. According to the findings, complex flow is primarily present at the location of arterial bifurcations, where abnormal flow patterns create recirculation zones with low and fluctuating WSS (<0.5 Pa), which are known to affect endothelial homeostasis and cause adverse vessel remodeling. The study provides a patient-specific hemodynamic analysis model, which couples in vivo CT imaging with in silico simulation under physiological circumstances. The study offers quantitative data on the range fluctuations of important hemodynamic parameters, such as WSS and recirculation region expansion, which are directly linked to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The findings could also help drug targeting at this vascular level by understanding blood flow patterns in the abdominal aorta and its branches.
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He F, Wang X, Hua L, Guo T. Numerical analysis of hemodynamics in pulmonary artery stenosis. Biomed Mater Eng 2022; 34:235-246. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-221418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery stenosis is a serious threat to people’s life and health. OBJECTIVE: The hydrodynamic mechanism of pulmonary artery stenosis is investigated. METHODS: Numerical analysis of hemodynamics in pulmonary artery stenosis using computational fluid dynamics techniques is a well-established method. An idealized model of pulmonary stenosis is established, and the model is divided into main pulmonary artery, right and left pulmonary arteries, and their branches. The sections at different positions are intercepted to study the distribution trend of maximum velocity, pressure and wall shear stress. RESULTS: The numerical simulation results show that the pressure drop at both ends of the narrow is large. High velocity and wall shear stress exist in the center of stenosis, and the wall shear stress at the distal end of stenosis gradually decreases, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: To some extent, this study helps clinicians make diagnosis and treatment plans in advance and improve prognosis. This method could be used in the numerical simulation of practical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- School of Science, , , China
| | | | - Lu Hua
- , , State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, , , China
| | - Tingting Guo
- , , State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, , , China
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A Study of the Fluid–Structure Interaction of the Plaque Circumferential Distribution in the Left Coronary Artery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries can prevent blood from flowing to downstream tissues, causing coronary heart disease and a myocardial infarction over time. The degree of stenosis is an important reference point during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, clinically, patients with the same degree of stenosis exhibit different degrees of disease severity. To investigate the connection between this phenomenon and the plaque circumferential distribution, in this paper, four models with different plaque circumferential locations were made based on the CT data. The blood in the coronary arteries was simulated using the fluid–structure interaction method in ANSYS Workbench software. The results showed that the risk of plaque rupture was less affected by the circumferential distribution of plaque, and the distribution of blood in each branch was affected by the circumferential distribution of plaque. Low TAWSS areas were found posterior to the plaque, and the TAWSS < 0.4 Pa area was ranked from highest to lowest in each model species: plaque on the side away from the left circumflex branch, plaque on the side away from the heart; plaque on the side close to the heart; and plaque on the side close to the left circumflex branch. The same trend was also found in the OSI. It was concluded that the circumferential distribution of plaques affects their further development. This finding will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Numerical Study of the Unsteady Flow in Simplified and Realistic Iliac Bifurcation Models. FLUIDS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids6080284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide and they are commonly associated with the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaque deposition in the vessel walls, a process denoted as atherosclerosis. This is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of large-/medium-sized blood vessels that affects blood flow profiles, with the abdominal aorta and its branches being one of the locations prone to the development of this pathology, due to their curvatures and bifurcations. In this regard, the effect of flow patterns was studied and compared for both a simplified three-dimensional model of aorta bifurcation on the iliac arteries and a realistic model of iliac bifurcation, which was constructed from a computational tomography medical image. The flow patterns were analyzed in terms of velocity and wall shear stress distribution, but a special focus was given to the size and location of the recirculation zone. The simulations were performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics software, FLUENT, taking into account the cardiac cycle profile at the infrarenal aorta. The shear stress and the velocity distribution observed for both models indicated that higher shear stress occurred along the flow divider wall (inner wall) and low shear stress occurred along the outer walls. In addition, the results demonstrated that the wall shear stress profiles were deeply affected by the transient profile of the cardiac cycle, with the deceleration phase being the most critical phase to the occurrence of backflow.
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Abazari MA, Rafiei D, Soltani M, Alimohammadi M. The effect of beta-blockers on hemodynamic parameters in patient-specific blood flow simulations of type-B aortic dissection: a virtual study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16058. [PMID: 34362955 PMCID: PMC8346572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the fatal and complex conditions. Since there is a lack of a specific treatment guideline for type-B AD, a better understanding of patient-specific hemodynamics and therapy outcomes can potentially control the progression of the disease and aid in the clinical decision-making process. In this work, a patient-specific geometry of type-B AD is reconstructed from computed tomography images, and a numerical simulation using personalised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with three-element Windkessel model boundary condition at each outlet is implemented. According to the physiological response of beta-blockers to the reduction of left ventricular contractions, three case studies with different heart rates are created. Several hemodynamic features, including time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), highly oscillatory, low magnitude shear (HOLMES), and flow pattern are investigated and compared between each case. Results show that decreasing TAWSS, which is caused by the reduction of the velocity gradient, prevents vessel wall at entry tear from rupture. Additionally, with the increase in HOLMES value at distal false lumen, calcification and plaque formation in the moderate and regular-heart rate cases are successfully controlled. This work demonstrates how CFD methods with non-invasive hemodynamic metrics can be developed to predict the hemodynamic changes before medication or other invasive operations. These consequences can be a powerful framework for clinicians and surgical communities to improve their diagnostic and pre-procedural planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Abazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Rafiei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
- Advanced Bio Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Alimohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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