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Agrawal J, Lal N, Singhal R. Alopecia and Periodontitis: Exploring the connecting dots. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:233-237. [PMID: 37346853 PMCID: PMC10281310 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_114_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a systemic disease with nonscarring hair loss from the scalp, face, or any part of the body. The disease with undetermined etiology and pathogenesis has a considerable impact on the social life of patients which gradually builds up stress and expedites further deterioration of their condition. Interestingly, in such patients, besides stress-relieving exercises and immunomodulators, well-timed dental assessment and prompt treatment have contributed to improving the prognosis of alopecia. This depicts an interrelationship between alopecia and oral foci of infections. Over the past few decades, periodontitis has remained to be one of the predominant forms of oral focus of infection for systemic diseases. The present review throws light on the role of stress and autoimmunity in establishing a possible correlation between alopecia and periodontitis. It is augmented with documented case reports, demanding a complete oral examination in patients with the unexplained origin of alopecia. An interdisciplinary approach is the need of the hour which can prevent the progression of both the diseases as well as other oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Agrawal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nand Lal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rameshwari Singhal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Laulund AS, Schwartz FA, Christophersen L, Kolpen M, Østrup Jensen P, Calum H, Høiby N, Thomsen K, Moser C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy augments ciprofloxacin effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infected chronic wounds in a mouse model. Biofilm 2022; 5:100100. [PMID: 36660364 PMCID: PMC9843175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic wounds have a compromised microcirculation which leads to restricted gas exchange. The majority of these hypoxic wounds is infested with microorganisms congregating in biofilms which further hinders the antibiotic function. We speculate whether this process can be counteracted by hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Methodology Twenty-eight BALB/c mice with third-degree burns were included in the analyses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded in seaweed alginate beads was injected under the eschar to mimic a biofilm infected wound. Challenged mice were randomized to receive either 4 days with 1 x ciprofloxacin combined with 2 × 90 min HBOT at 2.8 standard atmosphere daily, 1 x ciprofloxacin as monotherapy or saline as placebo. The mice were clinically scored, and wound sizes were estimated by planimetry daily. Euthanasia was performed on day 8. Wounds were surgically removed in toto, homogenized and plated for quantitative bacteriology. Homogenate supernatants were used for cytokine analysis. Results P. aeruginosa was present in all wounds at euthanasia. A significant lower bacterial load was seen in the HBOT group compared to either the monotherapy ciprofloxacin group (p = 0.0008), or the placebo group (p < 0.0001). IL-1β level was significantly lower in the HBOT group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.0007). Both treatment groups had higher osteopontin levels than the placebo group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). The same pattern was seen in the S100A9 analysis (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008), whereas no differences were detected between the S100A8, the VEGF or the MMP8 levels in the three groups. Conclusion These findings show that HBOT improves the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa wound biofilm in vivo. HBOT in addition to ciprofloxacin also modulates the host response to a less inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Laulund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark,Corresponding author.
| | | | | | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and Department of Immunology and Microbiology (ISIM), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Medkova A, Srovnal J, Potomkova J, Volejnikova J, Mihal V. Multifarious diagnostic possibilities of the S100 protein family: predominantly in pediatrics and neonatology. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:315-321. [PMID: 29858979 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous articles related to S100 proteins have been recently published. This review aims to introduce this large protein family and its importance in the diagnostics of many pathological conditions in children and adults. DATA SOURCES Based on original publications found in database systems, we summarize the current knowledge about the S100 protein group and highlight the most important proteins with focus on pediatric use. RESULTS The S100 family is composed of Ca2+ and Zn2+ binding proteins, which are present only in vertebrates. Some of these proteins can be used as diagnostic markers in cardiology (S100A1, S100A12), oncology (S100A2, S100A5, S100A6, S100A14, S100A16, S100P, S100B), neurology (S100B), rheumatology (S100A8/A9, S100A4, S100A6, and S100A12), nephrology and infections (S100A8, S100A9, S100A8/A9, S100A12). The most useful S100 proteins in pediatrics are S100A8, S100A9, heterodimers S100A8/A9, S100B and S100A12. CONCLUSIONS The S100 family members are promising biomarkers and provide numerous possibilities for implementation into clinical practice to optimize the differential diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Medkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Potomkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Science and Research, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Volejnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Mihal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Trøstrup H, Lerche CJ, Christophersen L, Jensen PØ, Høiby N, Moser C. Immune Modulating Topical S100A8/A9 Inhibits Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mitigates Biofilm Infection in Chronic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071359. [PMID: 28672877 PMCID: PMC5535852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm maintains and perturbs local host defense, hindering timely wound healing. Previously, we showed that P. aeruginosa suppressed S100A8/A9 of the murine innate host defense. We assessed the potential antimicrobial effect of S100A8/A9 on biofilm-infected wounds in a murine model and P. aeruginosa growth in vitro. Seventy-six mice, inflicted with a full-thickness burn wound were challenged subcutaneously (s.c.) by 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Mice were subsequently randomized into two treatment groups, one group receiving recombinant murine S100A8/A9 and a group of vehicle controls (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) all treated with s.c. injections daily for up to five days. Wounds were analyzed for quantitative bacteriology and contents of key inflammatory markers. Count of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes was included. S100A8/A9-treatment ameliorated wound infection, as evaluated by quantitative bacteriology (p ≤ 0.05). In vitro, growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited dose-dependently by S100A8/A9 in concentrations from 5 to 40 μg/mL, as determined by optical density-measurement (OD-measurement) and quantitative bacteriology. Treatment slightly augmented key inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), but dampened interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and blood polymorphonuclear count. In conclusion, topical S100A8/A9 displays remarkable novel immune stimulatory and anti-infective properties in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, treatment by S100A8/A9 provides local infection control. Implications for a role as adjunctive treatment in healing of chronic biofilm-infected wounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Johann Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Warren KR, Postolache TT, Groer ME, Pinjari O, Kelly DL, Reynolds MA. Role of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:127-38. [PMID: 24320960 PMCID: PMC7167640 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An extensive body of experimental and clinical evidence documents the negative impact of chronic psychological stress and depression on the immune system and health. Chronic stress and depression can result in general dysregulation of the immune system, of both cellular and humoral pathways, which may contribute to pathogenic infection and concomitant periodontal tissue destruction. In general, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that stress can modify the host defense and progression of periodontal infections in patients susceptible to periodontitis. However, substantial evidence also indicates that these conditions can mediate risk for disease, including periodontitis, through changes in health-related behaviors, such as oral hygiene, smoking and diet. The unequivocal interpretation of studies has also been hampered, in part, by issues related to conceptualization of stress and depression, as well as commonly associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, that can modify the onset and progression of periodontal disease. In addition, stress and depression appear to fall into a spectrum, ranging from mild to severe, involving a complex interaction of genetic background, coping strategies and environment. Differences in the conceptualization of stress and depression are probably important in assessing associations with other biologic and clinical measures. Future studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases.
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Kuebler U, Wirtz PH, Sakai M, Stemmer A, Meister RE, Ehlert U. Anticipatory cognitive stress appraisal modulates suppression of wound-induced macrophage activation by acute psychosocial stress. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:499-508. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kuebler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Petra H. Wirtz
- Biological and Health Psychology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Biological Work and Health Psychology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Miho Sakai
- Nanotechnology Group; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Stemmer
- Nanotechnology Group; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E. Meister
- Department of General Internal Medicine; Division of Psychosomatic Medicine; Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Leung KP, D'Arpa P, Seth AK, Geringer MR, Jett M, Xu W, Hong SJ, Galiano RD, Chen T, Mustoe TA. Dermal wound transcriptomic responses to Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa versus Klebsiella pneumoniae in a rabbit ear wound model. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:20. [PMID: 25035691 PMCID: PMC4101837 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infections of wounds impair healing and worsen scarring. We hypothesized that transcriptome analysis of wounds infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) would indicate host-responses associated with the worse healing of P.a.- than K.p.-infected wounds. Methods Wounds created on post-operative day (POD) 0 were infected during the inflammatory phase of healing on POD3 and were harvested on POD4 for microarray and transcriptome analysis. Other wounds received topical antibiotic after infection for 24 hours to promote biofilm development, and were harvested on POD6 or POD12. Results Wounds infected for 24 hours, relative to uninfected wounds, elevated transcripts of immune-response functions characteristic of infiltrating leukocytes. But P.a.-infected wounds elevated many more transcripts and to higher levels than K.p.-infected wounds. Coincidently, suppressed transcripts of both wounds enriched into stress-response pathways, including EIF2 signaling; however, this was more extensive for P.a.-infected wounds, including many-fold more transcripts enriching in the ‘cell death’ annotation, suggesting resident cutaneous cell toxicity in response to a more damaging P.a. inflammatory milieu. The POD6 wounds were colonized with biofilm but expressed magnitudes fewer immune-response transcripts with no stress-response enrichments. However, elevated transcripts of P.a.-infected wounds were inferred to be regulated by type I interferons, similar to a network unique to P.a.-infected wounds on POD4. On POD12, transcripts that were more elevated in K.p.-infected wounds suggested healing, while transcripts more elevated in P.a.-infected wounds indicated inflammation. Conclusions An extensive inflammatory response of wounds was evident from upregulated transcripts 24 hours after infection with either bacterium, but the response was more intense for P.a.- than K.p.-infected wounds. Coincidently, more extensive down-regulated transcripts of P.a.-infected wounds indicated a stronger “integrated stress response” to the inflammatory milieu that tipped more toward cutaneous cell death. Unique to P.a.-infected wounds on POD4 and POD6 were networks inferred to be regulated by interferons, which may result from intracellular replication of P.a. These data point to specific downregulated transcripts of cells resident to the wound as well as upregulated transcripts characteristic of infiltrating leukocytes that could be useful markers of poorly healing wounds and indicators of wound-specific treatments for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai P Leung
- Microbiology Branch, US Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, Building 3610, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Peter D'Arpa
- Microbiology Branch, US Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, Building 3610, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.,Systems and Integrative Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Akhil K Seth
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew R Geringer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Systems and Integrative Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Seok J Hong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Dental Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Romana-Souza B, Assis de Brito TL, Pereira GR, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Gonadal hormones differently modulate cutaneous wound healing of chronically stressed mice. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 36:101-10. [PMID: 24157428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadal hormones influence physiological responses to stress and cutaneous wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gonadal hormones on cutaneous wound healing in chronically stressed mice. Male and female mice were gonadectomized, and after 25 days, they were spun daily at 115 rpm for 15 min every hour until euthanasia. Twenty-eight days after the gonadectomy, an excisional lesion was created. The animals were killed 7 or 14 days after wounding, and the lesions were collected. Myofibroblast density, macrophage number, catecholamine level, collagen deposition, and blood vessel number were evaluated. In the intact and gonadectomized groups, stress increased the plasma catecholamine levels in both genders. In intact groups, stress impaired wound contraction and re-epithelialization and increased the macrophage number in males but not in females. In addition, stress compromised myofibroblastic differentiation and blood vessel formation and decreased collagen deposition in males but not in females. In contrast to intact mice, wound healing in ovariectomized female mice was affected by stress, while wound healing in castrated male mice was not. In conclusion, gender differences contribute to the cutaneous wound healing of chronically stressed mice. In addition, androgens contribute to the stress-induced impairment of the healing of cutaneous wounds but estrogens inhibit it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Animal Biology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil; Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriela R Pereira
- Department of Animal Biology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of 24 members functionally distributed into three main subgroups: those that only exert intracellular regulatory effects, those with intracellular and extracellular functions and those which mainly exert extracellular regulatory effects. S100 proteins are only expressed in vertebrates and show cell-specific expression patterns. In some instances, a particular S100 protein can be induced in pathological circumstances in a cell type that does not express it in normal physiological conditions. Within cells, S100 proteins are involved in aspects of regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation and migration/invasion through interactions with a variety of target proteins including enzymes, cytoskeletal subunits, receptors, transcription factors and nucleic acids. Some S100 proteins are secreted or released and regulate cell functions in an autocrine and paracrine manner via activation of surface receptors (e.g. the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and toll-like receptor 4), G-protein-coupled receptors, scavenger receptors, or heparan sulfate proteoglycans and N-glycans. Extracellular S100A4 and S100B also interact with epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, respectively, thereby enhancing the activity of the corresponding receptors. Thus, extracellular S100 proteins exert regulatory activities on monocytes/macrophages/microglia, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, articular chondrocytes, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons, astrocytes, Schwann cells, epithelial cells, myoblasts and cardiomyocytes, thereby participating in innate and adaptive immune responses, cell migration and chemotaxis, tissue development and repair, and leukocyte and tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Muhie S, Hammamieh R, Cummings C, Yang D, Jett M. Transcriptome characterization of immune suppression from battlefield-like stress. Genes Immun 2012; 14:19-34. [PMID: 23096155 PMCID: PMC3564018 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome alterations of leukocytes from soldiers who underwent 8 weeks of Army Ranger training (RASP, Ranger Assessment and Selection Program) were analyzed to evaluate impacts of battlefield-like stress on the immune response. About 1400 transcripts were differentially expressed between pre- and post-RASP leukocytes. Upon functional analysis, immune response was the most enriched biological process, and most of the transcripts associated with the immune response were downregulated. Microbial pattern recognition, chemotaxis, antigen presentation and T-cell activation were among the most downregulated immune processes. Transcription factors predicted to be stress-inhibited (IRF7, RELA, NFκB1, CREB1, IRF1 and HMGB) regulated genes involved in inflammation, maturation of dendritic cells and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Many altered transcripts were predicted to be targets of stress-regulated microRNAs. Post-RASP leukocytes exposed ex vivo to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B showed a markedly impaired immune response to this superantigen compared with pre-RASP leukocytes, consistent with the suppression of the immune response revealed by transcriptome analyses. Our results suggest that suppression of antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation pathways, in the setting of normal blood cell counts, most likely contribute to the poor vaccine response, impaired wound healing and infection susceptibility associated with chronic intense stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muhie
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5010, USA
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Williams RL, Lim SB, Onyuksel H, Marucha PT. Sterically Stabilized Phospholipid Micelles Reduce Activity of a Candidate Antimicrobial Wound Healing Adjunct. Int J Pept Res Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-012-9292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lim SY, Raftery MJ, Geczy CL. Oxidative modifications of DAMPs suppress inflammation: the case for S100A8 and S100A9. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2235-48. [PMID: 20919939 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several S100 Ca(2+)-binding proteins are considered damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). They are actively secreted or released from necrotic cells in response to tissue injury or stress and have various functions important in innate immunity. Here, we review several DAMPs, with particular focus on S100A8 and S100A9, which are susceptible to oxidative modifications by various forms of reactive oxygen species. We discuss the unique posttranslational modifications generated in S100A8 by hypochlorite and the likely structural consequences that alter function. We propose that some reversible modifications act as regulatory switches, representing a mechanism to arrest their novel antiinflammatory activities. These may be important in dampening mast cell activation and altering properties of the activated microcirculation to limit leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and accumulation. S-nitrosylation of S100A8 in the vasculature could regulate nitric oxide transport and contribute to vessel reflow during resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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