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Willis EF, Kim SJ, Chen W, Nyuydzefe M, MacDonald KPA, Zanin-Zhorov A, Ruitenberg MJ, Vukovic J. ROCK2 regulates microglia proliferation and neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:181-194. [PMID: 38211634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in prolonged and non-resolving activation of microglia. Forced turnover of these cells during the acute phase of TBI aids recovery, but the cell-intrinsic pathways that underpin the pro-repair phenotype of these repopulating microglia remain unclear. Here, we show that selective targeting of ROCK2 with the small molecule inhibitor KD025 impairs the proliferative response of microglia after TBI as well as during genetically induced turnover of microglia. KD025 treatment abolished the substantial neuroprotective and cognitive benefits conferred by repopulating microglia, preventing these cells from replenishing the depleted niche during the early critical time window post-injury. Delaying KD025 treatment to the subacute phase of TBI allowed microglial repopulation to occur, but this did not enhance the benefits conferred by repopulating microglia. Taken together, our data indicate that ROCK2 mediates neuronal survival and microglial population dynamics after TBI, including the emergence of repopulating microglia with a pro-repair phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei Chen
- Graviton Bioscience Corporation, Gravition Bioscience B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Nyuydzefe
- Graviton Bioscience Corporation, Gravition Bioscience B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Shaikh SN, Willis EF, Dierich M, Xu Y, Stuart SJS, Gobe GC, Bashaw AA, Rawashdeh O, Kim SJ, Vukovic J. CSF-1R inhibitor PLX3397 attenuates peripheral and brain chronic GVHD and improves functional outcomes in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:300. [PMID: 38102698 PMCID: PMC10725001 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication of otherwise curative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Chronic GVHD induces pathological changes in peripheral organs as well as the brain and is a frequent cause of late morbidity and death after bone-marrow transplantation. In the periphery, bone-marrow-derived macrophages are key drivers of pathology, but recent evidence suggests that these cells also infiltrate into cGVHD-affected brains. Microglia are also persistently activated in the cGVHD-affected brain. To understand the involvement of these myeloid cell populations in the development and/or progression of cGVHD pathology, we here utilized the blood-brain-barrier permeable colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib) at varying doses to pharmacologically deplete both cell types. We demonstrate that PLX3397 treatment during the development of cGVHD (i.e., 30 days post-transplant) improves disease symptoms, reducing both the clinical scores and histopathology of multiple cGVHD target organs, including the sequestration of T cells in cGVHD-affected skin tissue. Cognitive impairments associated with cGVHD and neuroinflammation were also attenuated by PLX3397 treatment. PLX3397 treatment prior to the onset of cGVHD (i.e., immediately post-transplant) did not change in clinical scores or histopathology. Overall, our data demonstrate significant benefits of using PLX3397 for the treatment of cGVHD and associated organ pathologies in both the periphery and brain, highlighting the therapeutic potential of pexidartinib for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen N Shaikh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Max Dierich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel J S Stuart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Abate A Bashaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Arya S, Bahuguna D, Bajad G, Loharkar S, Devangan P, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Madan J. Colloidal therapeutics in the management of traumatic brain injury: Portray of biomarkers and drug-targets, preclinical and clinical pieces of evidence and future prospects. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113509. [PMID: 37595379 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Complexity associated with the aberrant physiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes its therapeutic targeting vulnerable. The underlying mechanisms of pathophysiology of TBI are yet to be completely illustrated. Primary injury in TBI is associated with contusions and axonal shearing whereas excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, free radicals generation, and neuroinflammation are considered under secondary injury. MicroRNAs, proinflammatory cytokines, and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) recently emerged as biomarkers in TBI. In addition, several approved therapeutic entities have been explored to target existing and newly identified drug-targets in TBI. However, drug delivery in TBI is hampered due to disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in secondary TBI, as well as inadequate drug-targeting and retention effect. Colloidal therapeutics appeared helpful in providing enhanced drug availability to the brain owing to definite targeting strategies. Moreover, immense efforts have been put together to achieve increased bioavailability of therapeutics to TBI by devising effective targeting strategies. The potential of colloidal therapeutics to efficiently deliver drugs at the site of injury and down-regulate the mediators of TBI are serving as novel policies in the management of TBI. Therefore, in present manuscript, we have illuminated a myriad of molecular-targets currently identified and recognized in TBI. Moreover, particular emphasis is given to frame armamentarium of repurpose drugs which could be utilized to block molecular targets in TBI in addition to drug delivery barriers. The critical role of colloidal therapeutics such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and exosomes in drug delivery to TBI through invasive and non-invasive routes has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepankar Bahuguna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gopal Bajad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Soham Loharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pawan Devangan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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