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Buckley KM, Dooley H. Immunological Diversity Is a Cornerstone of Organismal Defense and Allorecognition across Metazoa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:203-211. [PMID: 35017209 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing arms race between hosts and microbes has fueled the evolution of novel strategies for diversifying the molecules involved in immune responses. Characterization of immune systems from an ever-broadening phylogenetic range of organisms reveals that there are many mechanisms by which this diversity can be generated and maintained. Diversification strategies operate at the level of populations, genomes, genes, and even individual transcripts. Lineage-specific innovations have been cataloged within the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Furthermore, somatic diversification of immune receptor genes has now been described in jawless vertebrates and some invertebrate species. In addition to pathogen detection, immunological diversity plays important roles in several distinct allorecognition systems. In this Brief Review, we highlight some of the evolutionary innovations employed by a variety of metazoan species to generate the molecular diversity required to detect a vast array of molecules in the context of both immune response and self/nonself-recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD
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Little AM, Akbarzad-Yousefi A, Anand A, Diaz Burlinson N, Dunn PPJ, Evseeva I, Latham K, Poulton K, Railton D, Vivers S, Wright PA. BSHI guideline: HLA matching and donor selection for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. Int J Immunogenet 2021; 48:75-109. [PMID: 33565720 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (BSHI) Guideline 'HLA matching and donor selection for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation' published in 2016 was undertaken by a BSHI appointed writing committee. Literature searches were performed and the data extracted were presented as recommendations according to the GRADE nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Margaret Little
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arash Akbarzad-Yousefi
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Arthi Anand
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, North West London Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Paul P J Dunn
- Transplant Laboratory University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Katy Latham
- Cellular and Molecular Therapies, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Kay Poulton
- Transplantation Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Dawn Railton
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul A Wright
- Transplantation Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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