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Davis E, Archer A, Flynn J, Nhaissi M, Rapoport C, Suri B, Wells D, Papadopoulos E, Politikos I, Fingrut WB, Scaradavou A, Barker JN. An Optimized Search Prognosis Tool to Predict 8/8 HLA Allele-Matched Unrelated Donor Procurement. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:312.e1-312.e5. [PMID: 36822475 PMCID: PMC10149615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
For patients in need of allogeneic transplantation who lack an HLA-identical sibling, an 8/8 HLA allele-matched unrelated donor (URD) is a standard alternative. However, delays in URD procurement can adversely impact patient care. Recipient genotype and search assessment (MSKv1.0)-based tools can predict search prognosis for many, but both tools have lower performance in non-European ancestry patients. Using the MSKv1.0 tool, we analyzed searches from 1530 potential allograft recipients (including 863 who underwent transplantation) with the aim of creating an optimized MSKv2.0 search prognosis tool that can classify a URD search as either Good or Poor with a high level of accuracy while also limiting an ambiguous Fair search prognosis regardless of patient ancestry. By MSKv2.0, the 8/8 URD search prognosis distribution was 57% Good, 21% Fair, and 22% Poor in Europeans and 15% Good, 21% Fair, and 63% Poor in non-Europeans. Importantly, compared to MSKv1.0, the likelihood of Fair categorization was reduced to <25% with comparable Fair rates (P = .847) in both European and non-European groups. Moreover, all patients with an MSKv2.0 Good prognosis had an 8/8 URD identified, and almost all of those who underwent transplantation had an 8/8 URD (Europeans, 99%; non-Europeans, 98%; P = .504). The MSKv2.0 tool also was highly accurate at classifying Poor searches, with <10% identifying an 8/8 URD, and almost all patients who underwent transplantation (Europeans, 95%; non-Europeans, 96%) receiving an alternative donor. Using preliminary search results, MSKv2.0 accurately classifies patients by likelihood of 8/8 URD procurement, greatly facilitating triage to 8/8 URD (Good prognosis) or alternative donor (Poor prognosis) transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Davis
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne Archer
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Flynn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Nhaissi
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Candice Rapoport
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Beth Suri
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Deborah Wells
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Esperanza Papadopoulos
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ioannis Politikos
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Warren B Fingrut
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andromachi Scaradavou
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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2
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Galant-Swafford J, George E, Meyer A. Serving Underserved Patients with Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders: A Pilot Educational Program for Clinical Fellows. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:308-311. [PMID: 36227412 PMCID: PMC9558029 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Galant-Swafford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Elizabeth George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna Meyer
- Colorado Allergy & Asthma Centers, P.C., Denver, CO, USA
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3
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Dhuyser A, Aarnink A, Pérès M, Jayaraman J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Rubio MT, Trowsdale J, Traherne J. KIR in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Need for a Unified Paradigm for Donor Selection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821533. [PMID: 35242134 PMCID: PMC8886110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a lifesaving therapy for hematological malignancies. For years, a fully matched HLA donor was a requisite for the procedure. However, new immunosuppressive strategies have enabled the recruitment of viable alternative donors, particularly haploidentical donors. Over 95% of patients have at least two potential haploidentical donors available to them. To identify the best haploidentical donor, the assessment of new immunogenetic criteria could help. To this end, the clinical benefit of KIR genotyping in aHSCT has been widely studied but remains contentious. This review aims to evaluate the importance of KIR-driven NK cell alloreactivity in the context of aHSCT and explain potential reasons for the discrepancies in the literature. Here, through a non-systematic review, we highlight how the studies in this field and their respective predictive models or scoring strategies could be conceptually opposed, explaining why the role of NK cells remains unclear in aHCST outcomes. We evaluate the limitations of each published prediction model and describe how every scoring strategy to date only partly delivers the requirements for optimally effective NK cells in aHSCT. Finally, we propose approaches toward finding the optimal use of KIR genotyping in aHSCT for a unified criterion for donor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Dhuyser
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Alice Aarnink
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Michaël Pérès
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Jyothi Jayaraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Thérèse Rubio
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Hematology, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Traherne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Barron KS, Aksentijevich I, Deuitch NT, Stone DL, Hoffmann P, Videgar-Laird R, Soldatos A, Bergerson J, Toro C, Cudrici C, Nehrebecky M, Romeo T, Jones A, Boehm M, Kanakry JA, Dimitrova D, Calvo KR, Alao H, Kapuria D, Ben-Yakov G, Pichard DC, Hathaway L, Brofferio A, McRae E, Moura NS, Schnappauf O, Rosenzweig S, Heller T, Cowen EW, Kastner DL, Ombrello AK. The Spectrum of the Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2: An Observational Analysis of a 60 Patient Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811473. [PMID: 35095905 PMCID: PMC8790931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease that has undergone extensive phenotypic expansion since being first described in patients with fevers, recurrent strokes, livedo racemosa, and polyarteritis nodosa in 2014. It is now recognized that patients may develop multisystem disease that spans multiple medical subspecialties. Here, we describe the findings from a large single center longitudinal cohort of 60 patients, the broad phenotypic presentation, as well as highlight the cohort’s experience with hematopoietic cell transplantation and COVID-19. Disease manifestations could be separated into three major phenotypes: inflammatory/vascular, immune dysregulatory, and hematologic, however, most patients presented with significant overlap between these three phenotype groups. The cardinal features of the inflammatory/vascular group included cutaneous manifestations and stroke. Evidence of immune dysregulation was commonly observed, including hypogammaglobulinemia, absent to low class-switched memory B cells, and inadequate response to vaccination. Despite these findings, infectious complications were exceedingly rare in this cohort. Hematologic findings including pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), immune-mediated neutropenia, and pancytopenia were observed in half of patients. We significantly extended our experience using anti-TNF agents, with no strokes observed in 2026 patient months on TNF inhibitors. Meanwhile, hematologic and immune features had a more varied response to anti-TNF therapy. Six patients received a total of 10 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) procedures, with secondary graft failure necessitating repeat HCTs in three patients, as well as unplanned donor cell infusions to avoid graft rejection. All transplanted patients had been on anti-TNF agents prior to HCT and received varying degrees of reduced-intensity or non-myeloablative conditioning. All transplanted patients are still alive and have discontinued anti-TNF therapy. The long-term follow up afforded by this large single-center study underscores the clinical heterogeneity of DADA2 and the potential for phenotypes to evolve in any individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyl S Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Natalie T Deuitch
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah L Stone
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Videgar-Laird
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Strokes, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jenna Bergerson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cornelia Cudrici
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michele Nehrebecky
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dimana Dimitrova
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hawwa Alao
- National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Devika Kapuria
- National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gil Ben-Yakov
- National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominique C Pichard
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Londa Hathaway
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elisa McRae
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Sampaio Moura
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sofia Rosenzweig
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Theo Heller
- National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward W Cowen
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network State of the Science Symposium 2021: Looking Forward as the Network Celebrates its 20th Year. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:885-907. [PMID: 34461278 PMCID: PMC8556300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2021 the BMT CTN held the 4th State of the Science Symposium where the deliberations of 11 committees concerning major topics pertinent to a particular disease, modality, or complication of transplant, as well as two committees to consider clinical trial design and inclusion, diversity, and access as cross-cutting themes were reviewed. This article summarizes the individual committee reports and their recommendations on the highest priority questions in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cell therapy to address in multicenter trials.
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6
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How I Treat: Allogeneic HSCT for adults with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Blood 2021; 138:1666-1676. [PMID: 34077952 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are rare inherited disorders arising from monogenic germline mutations in genes that regulate the immune system. The majority of IEI are Primary Immunodeficiencies characterised by severe infection often associated with autoimmunity, autoinflammation and/or malignancy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been the corrective treatment of choice for many IEI presenting with severe disease in early childhood and experience has made this a successful and comparatively safe treatment in affected children. Early HSCT outcomes in adults were poor, resulting in extremely limited use worldwide. This is changing due to a combination of improved IEI diagnosis to inform patient selection, better understanding of the natural history of specific IEI and improvements in transplant practice. Recently published HSCT outcomes for adults with IEI have been comparable with pediatric data, making HSCT an important option for correction of clinically severe IEI in adulthood. Here we discuss our practice for patient selection, timing of HSCT, donor selection and conditioning, peri- and post HSCT management and our approach to long term follow up. We stress the importance of multidisciplinary involvement in the complex decision-making process that we believe is required for successful outcomes in this rapidly emerging area.
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7
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Dimitrova D, Nademi Z, Maccari ME, Ehl S, Uzel G, Tomoda T, Okano T, Imai K, Carpenter B, Ip W, Rao K, Worth AJJ, Laberko A, Mukhina A, Néven B, Moshous D, Speckmann C, Warnatz K, Wehr C, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Bleesing JJ, Dara J, Dvorak CC, Ghosh S, Kang HJ, Markelj G, Modi A, Bayer DK, Notarangelo LD, Schulz A, Garcia-Prat M, Soler-Palacín P, Karakükcü M, Yilmaz E, Gambineri E, Menconi M, Masmas TN, Holm M, Bonfim C, Prando C, Hughes S, Jolles S, Morris EC, Kapoor N, Koltan S, Paneesha S, Steward C, Wynn R, Duffner U, Gennery AR, Lankester AC, Slatter M, Kanakry JA. International retrospective study of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for activated PI3K-delta syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:410-421.e7. [PMID: 34033842 PMCID: PMC8611111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta syndrome (APDS) is a combined immunodeficiency with a heterogeneous phenotype considered reversible by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Objectives: This study sought to characterize HCT outcomes in APDS. Methods: Retrospective data were collected on 57 patients with APDS1/2 (median age, 13 years; range, 2–66 years) who underwent HCT. Results: Pre-HCT comorbidities such as lung, gastrointestinal, and liver pathology were common, with hematologic malignancy in 26%. With median follow-up of 2.3 years, 2-year overall and graft failure–free survival probabilities were 86% and 68%, respectively, and did not differ significantly by APDS1 versus APDS2, donor type, or conditioning intensity. The 2-year cumulative incidence of graft failure following first HCT was 17% overall but 42% if mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor(s) (mTORi) were used in the first year post-HCT, compared with 9% without mTORi. Similarly, 2-year cumulative incidence of unplanned donor cell infusion was overall 28%, but 65% in the context of mTORi receipt and 23% without. Phenotype reversal occurred in 96% of evaluable patients, of whom 17% had mixed chimerism. Vulnerability to renal complications continued post-HCT, adding new insights into potential nonimmunologic roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase not correctable through HCT. Conclusions: Graft failure, graft instability, and poor graft function requiring unplanned donor cell infusion were major barriers to successful HCT. Post-HCT mTORi use may confer an advantage to residual host cells, promoting graft instability. Longer-term post-HCT follow-up of more patients is needed to elucidate the kinetics of immune reconstitution and donor chimerism, establish approaches that reduce graft instability, and assess the completeness of phenotype reversal over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimana Dimitrova
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Zohreh Nademi
- Children's Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; The Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Elena Maccari
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Takahiro Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal, and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Carpenter
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie Ip
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kanchan Rao
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austen J J Worth
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Laberko
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mukhina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bénédicte Néven
- Unité d'Immuno-hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Unité d'Immuno-hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wehr
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacob J Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jasmeen Dara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sujal Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gašper Markelj
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arunkumar Modi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Diana K Bayer
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia-Prat
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Soler-Palacín
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Musa Karakükcü
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Eleonora Gambineri
- Department of "NEUROFARBA": Section of Child's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology-Oncology: BMT Unit, "Anna Meyer" Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Menconi
- Unità Operativa Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tania N Masmas
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, The Child and Adolescent Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Holm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carmem Bonfim
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Prando
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Morris
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kapoor
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sylwia Koltan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Shankara Paneesha
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Steward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Duffner
- Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Mich; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Spectrum Health and Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Mich
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Children's Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; The Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Slatter
- Children's Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; The Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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8
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Hassan S, West KA, Ward WW, Kanakry JA, Flegel WA. Rebound and overshoot of donor-specific antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) during desensitization with plasma exchanges in hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: A case report. Transfusion 2021; 61:1980-1986. [PMID: 33899963 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to HLA have been associated with graft loss in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation. Limited data associate therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with desensitization and successful engraftment. We report an attempt of desensitization and observed overshooting of DSA during transplantation. CASE REPORT AND RESULTS A 27-year-old female with cutaneous T cell lymphoma was scheduled for HPC transplantation from her HLA-haploidentical half-sister, who carried the HLA-DRB1*13:03:01 allele. The patient had the corresponding DSA. Lacking an alternative donor option at the time, we attempted a desensitization approach by immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Unexpectedly, DSA increased from a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 1835 on day -63 to 9008 on day -7. The MFI increased further during 3 TPE procedures and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) until day -1. After transplantation, the DSA remained elevated despite 2 more TPE/IVIG procedures and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with high-dose cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, and MMF. Flow cytometric crossmatch, initially negative, turned positive after transplantation. Primary graft failure occurred and was attributed to antibody-mediated rejection. A second transplantation from a 7/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor, not carrying DRB1*13:03 allele, resulted in successful engraftment. CONCLUSION Unexpected and rapid increases of a DSA can occur despite the use of current desensitization approaches. This is problematic when conditioning has already started, as such increases are unlikely to be overcome by TPE or other interventions for desensitization. Overshoot of DSA in HPC transplantation has rarely been reported. Its cause remains unclear and can include underlying disease, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hassan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamille A West
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Ward
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Davis CM, Apter AJ, Casillas A, Foggs MB, Louisias M, Morris EC, Nanda A, Nelson MR, Ogbogu PU, Walker-McGill CL, Wang J, Perry TT. Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions in racial and ethnic underserved populations: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Committee on the Underserved. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1579-1593. [PMID: 33713767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health disparities are health differences linked with economic, social, and environmental disadvantage. They adversely affect groups that have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles to health. Renewed efforts are needed to reduced health disparities in the United States, highlighted by the disparate impact on racial minorities during the coronavirus pandemic. Institutional or systemic patterns of racism are promoted and legitimated through accepted societal standards, and organizational processes within the field of medicine, and contribute to health disparities. Herein, we review current evidence regarding health disparities in allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, drug allergy, and primary immune deficiency disease in racial and ethnic underserved populations. Best practices to address these disparities involve addressing social determinants of health and adopting policies to improve access to specialty care and treatment for the underserved through telemedicine and community partnerships, cross-cultural provider training to reduce implicit bias, inclusion of underserved patients in research, implementation of culturally competent patient education, and recruitment and training of health care providers from underserved communities. Addressing health disparities requires a multilevel approach involving patients, health providers, local agencies, professional societies, and national governmental agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Davis
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Texas Children's Hospital Food Allergy Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex.
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Adrian Casillas
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Sierra Providence Medical Partners, El Paso, Tex
| | - Michael B Foggs
- Advocate Medical Group, Advocate Aurora Health Clinic, Chicago, Ill
| | - Margee Louisias
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Anil Nanda
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Lewisville, Tex; Asthma and Allergy Center, Flower Mound, Tex; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Michael R Nelson
- Allergy-Immunology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md
| | - Princess U Ogbogu
- Case Western Reserve University-Rainbow Babies and Children/UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cheryl Lynn Walker-McGill
- Carolina Complete Health, Charlotte, NC; Wingate University Graduate School of Business, Charlotte, NC
| | - Julie Wang
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tamara T Perry
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
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10
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Raj R, Aboobacker FN, Yadav SP, Uppuluri R, Bhat S, Choudhry D, Dua V, Kharya G, Rastogi N, Sachdev M, Khandelwal V, Swaminathan V, Bakane A, Ramakrishnan B, George B. Multicenter Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders in India. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606930. [PMID: 33488609 PMCID: PMC7819851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the curative option for many primary immune deficiency disorders (PID). In the last 5 years, increased awareness, availability of diagnostics based on flow cytometry, genetic testing, improved supportive care, use of reduced toxicity conditioning, and success of haploidentical donor HSCT have improved access to HSCT for children with PID in India. We present results on children with PID who underwent HSCT across India and the factors that influenced outcome. Patients and Methods We collected retrospective data on the outcome of HSCT for PID from seven centers. We analyzed the impact of the type of PID, conditioning regimen, time period of HSCT- before or after January 2016, graft versus host disease prophylaxis, cause of mortality and overall survival. Results A total of 228 children underwent HSCT for PID at a median age of 12 months (range, 1 to 220 months) with a median follow up of 14.4 months. Infants accounted for 51.3% of the cohort and the male female ratio was 3:1. SCID (25%) and HLH (25%) were the more frequent diagnoses. Matched family donor was available in 36.4% and 44.3% children had a haploidentical HSCT. Reduced and myeloablative conditioning regimens were used with 64% children receiving a treosulfan based conditioning regimen. Peripheral blood stem cells were the predominant graft source at 69.3%. The survival in infants (60.2%) was inferior to children aged over 1 year (75.7% p value = 0.01). Children with Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (74.3%) and chronic granulomatous disease (82.6%) had the best outcomes. The survival was superior in children receiving HSCT from a matched sibling (78%) versus an alternate donor HSCT (61% p value = 0.04). In the cohort transplanted after January 2016 survival improved from 26.8% to 77.5% (p value = 0.00). Infection remains the main cause of mortality at in over 50% children. The 5-year overall survival rate was 68%. Conclusion Survival of children with PID undergoing HSCT in India has improved dramatically in last 5 years. Alternate donor HSCT is now feasible and has made a therapeutic option accessible to all children with PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Raj
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Ramya Uppuluri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | - Sunil Bhat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Dharma Choudhry
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, BLK Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Dua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Gaurav Kharya
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology & BMT Unit, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - Mansi Sachdev
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Vipin Khandelwal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, BLK Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atish Bakane
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Biju George
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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11
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Kwon M, Bailén R, Díez-Martín JL. Evolution of the role of haploidentical stem cell transplantation: past, present, and future. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:835-850. [PMID: 32749913 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1796621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accessibility to haplo-donors has led to an increase in the number of haplo-HSCT worldwide. A systematic search of the PubMed database between 2000 to present was performed. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discussed the most used approaches to perform haplo-HSCT and its results: T-cell depletion (TCD, including Perugia platform and its modifications) and T-cell repleted haplo (TCR, including the high-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide strategy (Baltimore protocol) and the Beijing protocol). The improvements and modifications made to the different strategies have increased the indications of haplo-HSCT, including both malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Focusing on the Baltimore protocol, the authors review the results of the retrospective studies that have compared it to other donor transplants. The limitations of this strategy in terms of toxicity, graft complications, and GVHD are also discussed in detail. Finally, possible approaches to improve the outcomes of TCR haplo-HSCT are presented. EXPERT OPINION The recent advances in the field of haplo-HSCT have allowed a large number of patients with incurable diseases to benefit from this procedure despite not having a matched donor. With all available strategies, virtually no patient who needs an allogeneic transplant should be excluded by the absence of a donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kwon
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain.,Departement of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Bailén
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain.,Departement of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Díez-Martín
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain.,Departement of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Research Gregorio Marañón , Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dimitrova D, Gea-Banacloche J, Steinberg SM, Sadler JL, Hicks SN, Carroll E, Wilder JS, Parta M, Skeffington L, Hughes TE, Blau JE, Broadney MM, Rose JJ, Hsu AP, Fletcher R, Nunes NS, Yan XY, Telford WG, Kapoor V, Cohen JI, Freeman AF, Garabedian E, Holland SM, Lisco A, Malech HL, Notarangelo LD, Sereti I, Shah NN, Uzel G, Zerbe CS, Fowler DH, Gress RE, Kanakry CG, Kanakry JA. Prospective Study of a Novel, Radiation-Free, Reduced-Intensity Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:94-106. [PMID: 31493539 PMCID: PMC6942248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Safe and effective reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) approaches that are associated with low toxicity, use alternative donors, and afford good immune reconstitution are needed to advance the field. Twenty PID patients, ranging in age from 4 to 58 years, were treated on a prospective clinical trial of a novel, radiation-free and serotherapy-free RIC, T-cell-replete BMT approach using pentostatin, low-dose cyclophosphamide, and busulfan for conditioning with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. This was a high-risk cohort with a median hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index of 3. With median follow-up of survivors of 1.9 years, 1-year overall survival was 90% and grade III to IV acute GVHD-free, graft-failure-free survival was 80% at day +180. Graft failure incidence was 10%. Split chimerism was frequently observed at early post-BMT timepoints, with a lower percentage of donor T cells, which gradually increased by day +60. The cumulative incidences of grade II to IV and grade III to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) were 15% and 5%, respectively. All aGVHD was steroid responsive. No patients developed chronic GVHD. Few significant organ toxicities were observed. Evidence of phenotype reversal was observed for all engrafted patients, even those with significantly mixed chimerism (n = 2) or with unknown underlying genetic defect (n = 3). All 6 patients with pre-BMT malignancies or lymphoproliferative disorders remain in remission. Most patients have discontinued immunoglobulin replacement. All survivors are off immunosuppression for GVHD prophylaxis or treatment. This novel RIC BMT approach for patients with PID has yielded promising results, even for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimana Dimitrova
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Sadler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Carroll
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer S Wilder
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Parta
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren Skeffington
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jenny E Blau
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Miranda M Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy J Rose
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rochelle Fletcher
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalia S Nunes
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiao-Yi Yan
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William G Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Garabedian
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christa S Zerbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher G Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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