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Rojansky R, Marboe CC, Berry GJ. Malignancy following solid organ transplantation: Current techniques for determination of donor versus recipient origin. Transpl Infect Dis 2024:e14330. [PMID: 39003580 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Among the post-transplantation complications that patients may encounter, the transmission of a donor-derived malignant neoplasm is uncommon but potentially life threatening. The determination of donor versus recipient origin is essential particularly in the setting of multiple transplant recipients from the donor. Advances in molecular biology now allow accurate discrimination utilizing routine tissue samples in a timely and cost-effective manner. The techniques are routinely performed in hospital molecular biology laboratories and are also available in commercial labs. The current methodologies are discussed and future possibilities are presented for clinicians caring for solid organ recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rojansky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charles C Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Miura S, Ueda K, Minakawa K, Nollet KE, Ikeda K. Prospects and Potential for Chimerism Analysis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:993. [PMID: 38891125 PMCID: PMC11172215 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimerism analysis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation serves to confirm engraftment, indicate relapse of hematologic malignancy, and attribute graft failure to either immune rejection or poor graft function. Short tandem repeat PCR (STR-PCR) is the prevailing method, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), with detection limits of 1-5% and 0.1%, respectively. Chimerism assays using digital PCR or next-generation sequencing, both of which are more sensitive than STR-PCR, are increasingly used. Stable mixed chimerism is usually not associated with poor outcomes in non-malignant diseases, but recipient chimerism may foretell relapse of hematologic malignancies, so higher detection sensitivity may be beneficial in such cases. Thus, the need for and the type of intervention, e.g., immunosuppression regimen, donor lymphocyte infusion, and/or salvage second transplantation, should be guided by donor chimerism in the context of the feature and/or residual malignant cells of the disease to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Miura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima 960-8516, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koki Ueda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiji Minakawa
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenneth E. Nollet
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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3
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Brow D, Shike H, Kendrick J, Pettersson L, Mineishi S, Claxton DF, Wirk B, Cioccio J, Greiner RJ, Viswanatha D, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Li Z, Tyler J, Elrefaei M. Assessment of chimerism by next generation sequencing: A comparison to STR/qPCR methods. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110794. [PMID: 38553384 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chimerism analysis is used to evaluate patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) for engraftment and minimal measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring. A combination of short-tandem repeat (STR) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was required to achieve both sensitivity and accuracy in the patients with various chimerism statuses. In this study, an insertion/deletion-based multiplex chimerism assay by next generation sequencing (NGS) was evaluated using 5 simulated unrelated donor-recipient combinations from 10 volunteers. Median number of informative markers detected was 8 (range = 5 - 11). The limit of quantitation (LoQ) was determined to be 0.1 % recipient. Assay sample number/batch was 10-20 and total assay time was 19-31 h (manual labor = 2.1 h). Additionally, 50 peripheral blood samples from 5 allo-HSCT recipients (related: N = 4; unrelated: N = 1) were tested by NGS and STR/qPCR. Median number of informative markers detected was 7 (range = 4 - 12). Results from both assays demonstrated a strong correlation (Y = 0.9875X + 0.333; R2 = 0.9852), no significant assay bias (difference mean - 0.08), and 100 % concordant detection of percent recipient increase ≥ 0.1 % (indicator of increased relapse risk). NGS-based chimerism assay can support all allo-HSCT for engraftment and MRD monitoring and simplify clinical laboratory workflow compared to STR/qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Brow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hiroko Shike
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Pathology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jasmine Kendrick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Shin Mineishi
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hematology Oncology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hematology Oncology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Baldeep Wirk
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hematology Oncology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Cioccio
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hematology Oncology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Greiner
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Viswanatha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Tyler
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Pathology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Elrefaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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4
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Zhang A, Macecevic S, Thomas D, Allen J, Mandley S, Kawczak P, Jurcago R, Tyler J, Casey H, Bosler D, Sobecks R, Hamilton B, Sauter C, Mineishi S, Claxton D, Shike H. Engraftment and Measurable Residual Disease Monitoring after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Comparison of Two Chimerism Test Strategies, Next-Generation Sequencing versus a Combination of Short-Tandem Repeats and Quantitative PCR. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:233-244. [PMID: 38307253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimerism testing supports the study of engraftment and measurable residual disease (MRD) in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In chimerism MRD, relapse can be predicted by increasing mixed chimerism (IMC), recipient increase ≥0.1% in peripheral blood, and proliferating recipient cells as a surrogate of tumor activity. Conventionally, the combination of short-tandem repeat (STR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was needed to ensure assay sensitivity and accuracy in all chimerism status. We evaluated the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as an alternate technique. The median numbers of informative markers in unrelated/related cases were 124/82 (NGS; from 202 single-nucleotide polymorphism), 5/3 (qPCR), and 17/10 (STR). Assay sensitivity was 0.22% (NGS), 0.1% (qPCR), and 1% (STR). NGS batch (4 to 48 samples) required 19.60 to 24.80 hours and 1.52 to 2.42 hours of hands-on time (comparable to STR/qPCR). NGS assay cost/sample was $91 to $151, similar to qPCR ($99) but higher than STR ($27). Using 56 serial DNAs from six post-transplant patients monitored by the qPCR/STR, the correlation with NGS was strong for percentage recipient (y = 1.102x + 0.010; R2 = 0.968) and percentage recipient change (y = 0.892x + 0.041; R2 = 0.945). NGS identified all 17 IMC events detected by qPCR (100% sensitivity). The NGS chimerism provides sufficient sensitivity, accuracy, and economical/logistical feasibility in supporting engraftment and MRD monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Zhang
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stacey Macecevic
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dawn Thomas
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Allen
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Mandley
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Kawczak
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Raymond Jurcago
- Allogen Laboratories, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Tyler
- Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather Casey
- Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Bosler
- Molecular Pathology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Craig Sauter
- Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Hematology Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Claxton
- Hematology Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroko Shike
- Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Liacini A, Tripathi G, McCollick A, Gravante C, Abdelmessieh P, Shestovska Y, Mathew L, Geier S. Chimerism Testing by Next Generation Sequencing for Detection of Engraftment and Early Disease Relapse in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and an Overview of NGS Chimerism Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11814. [PMID: 37511573 PMCID: PMC10380370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimerism monitoring after allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) is critical to determine how well donor cells have engrafted and to detect relapse for early therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to establish and detect mixed chimerism and minimal residual disease using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) testing for the evaluation of engraftment and the detection of early relapse after allo-HCT. Our secondary aim was to compare the data with the existing laboratory method based on Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis. One hundred and seventy-four DNA specimens from 46 individuals were assessed using a commercially available kit for NGS, AlloSeq HCT NGS (CareDx), and the STR-PCR assay. The sensitivity, precision, and quantitative accuracy of the assay were determined using artificially created chimeric constructs. The accuracy and linearity of the assays were evaluated in 46 post-transplant HCT samples consisting of 28 levels of mixed chimerism, which ranged from 0.3-99.7%. There was a 100% correlation between NGS and STR-PCR chimerism methods. In addition, 100% accuracy was attained for the two external proficiency testing surveys (ASHI EMO). The limit of detection or sensitivity of the NGS assay in artificially made chimerism mixtures was 0.3%. We conducted a review of all NGS chimerism studies published online, including ours, and concluded that NGS-based chimerism analysis using the AlloSeq HCT assay is a sensitive and accurate method for donor-recipient chimerism quantification and minimal residual disease relapse detection in patients after allo-HCT compared to STR-PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Liacini
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Amanda McCollick
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christopher Gravante
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Peter Abdelmessieh
- Fox Chase Cancer Center Medical Group, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yuliya Shestovska
- Fox Chase Cancer Center Medical Group, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Leena Mathew
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven Geier
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University and Hospital, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N. Broad St., Office B242, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Vynck M, Nollet F, Sibbens L, Devos H. Bias reduction improves accuracy and informativity of high-throughput sequencing chimerism assays. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117452. [PMID: 37343694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chimerism monitoring by means of high-throughput sequencing of biallelic polymorphisms has shown promising advantages for patient follow-up after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Yet, the presence of method bias precludes achievement of an assay's theoretically attainable informativity rate, as method bias necessitates the exclusion of some markers. This method bias arises because of preferential observation of one allele over the other, and for some allelic constellations because of stochasticity. RESULTS This paper suggests how preferential allelic observation may lead to method bias, and when and why such bias necessitates the exclusion of markers. It is shown that also markers that remain informative suffer a reduction in trueness and precision due to method bias. A bias reduction approach in the data analysis phase is introduced and shown to improve trueness and precision under all circumstances, meriting its universal adoption. This bias reduction furthermore allows to achieve an assay's theoretically achievable informativity rate, though at the cost of reduced sensitivity. Several strategies to consider in the assay design phase that may lower biases are proposed. CONCLUSION Improved design and data analysis of chimerism assays increase the accuracy, applicability, and cost-effectiveness of high-throughput sequencing chimerism assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Vynck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges, Belgium; Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Friedel Nollet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Lode Sibbens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Helena Devos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, Bruges, Belgium
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7
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Picard C, Frassati C, Cherouat N, Maioli S, Moskovtchenko P, Cherel M, Chiaroni J, Pedini P. New methods for the quantification of mixed chimerism in transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1023116. [PMID: 36742303 PMCID: PMC9892455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1023116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of chimerism showing the proportion of the donor in a recipient is essential for the follow-up of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but can also be useful to document an immune tolerance situation after solid organ transplantation. Historically, chimerism has been quantified from genomic DNA, but with technological advances, chimerism from donor-derived cell-free DNA seems particularly relevant in solid organ transplantation. Methods The reference method was until recently the short tandem repeat technique, but new innovative techniques as digital PCR (dPCR) and NGS, have revolutionized the quantification of chimerism, such as the so-called microchimerism analysis. After a short review of chimerism methods, a comparison of chimerism quantification data for two new digital PCR systems (QIAcuity™ dPCR (Qiagen®) and QuantStudio Absolute Q (ThermoFisher®) and two NGS-based chimerism quantification methods (AlloSeq HCT™ (CareDx®) and NGStrack™ (GenDX®)) was performed. Results These new methods were correlated and concordant to routinely methods (r²=0.9978 and r²=0.9974 for dPCR methods, r²=0.9978 and r²=0.9988 for NGS methods), and had similar high performance (sensitivity, reproductibility, linearity). Conclusion Finally, the choice of the innovative method of chimerism within the laboratory does not depend on the analytical performances because they are similar but mainly on the amount of activity and the access to instruments and computer services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Picard
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, EFS PACC, Marseille, France,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Frassati
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, EFS PACC, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Pascal Pedini, ; Coralie Frassati,
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, EFS PACC, Marseille, France,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Pedini
- Immunogenetic Laboratory, EFS PACC, Marseille, France,CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Pascal Pedini, ; Coralie Frassati,
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8
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Optimizing Molecular Minimal Residual Disease Analysis in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020374. [PMID: 36672325 PMCID: PMC9856386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation has resulted in a fundamental instrument to guide patient management in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). From a methodological standpoint, MRD is defined as any approach aimed at detecting and possibly quantifying residual neoplastic cells beyond the sensitivity level of cytomorphology. The molecular methods to study MRD in ALL are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification-based approaches and are the most standardized techniques. However, there are some limitations, and emerging technologies, such as digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), seem to have advantages that could improve MRD analysis in ALL patients. Furthermore, other blood components, namely cell-free DNA (cfDNA), appear promising and are also being investigated for their potential role in monitoring tumor burden and response to treatment in hematologic malignancies. Based on the review of the literature and on our own data, we hereby discuss how emerging molecular technologies are helping to refine the molecular monitoring of MRD in ALL and may help to overcome some of the limitations of standard approaches, providing a benefit for the care of patients.
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9
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Evaluation of a quantitative PCR-based method for chimerism analysis of Japanese donor/recipient pairs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21328. [PMID: 36494422 PMCID: PMC9734659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimerism analysis is a surrogate indicator of graft rejection or relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although short tandem repeat PCR (STR-PCR) is the usual method, limited sensitivity and technical variability are matters of concern. Quantitative PCR-based methods to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP-qPCR) are more sensitive, but their informativity and quantitative accuracy are highly variable. For accurate and sensitive chimerism analysis, a set of KMR kits (GenDx, Utrecht, Netherlands), based on detection of insertions/deletions (indels) by qPCR, have been developed. Here, we investigated informativity and validated the accuracy of KMR kits in Japanese donor/recipient pairs and virtual samples of DNA mixtures representative of Japanese genetic diversity. We found that at least one recipient-specific marker among 39 KMR-kit markers was informative in all of 65 Japanese donor/recipient pairs. Moreover, the percentage of recipient chimerism estimated by KMRtrack correlated well with ratios of mixed DNA in virtual samples and with the percentage of chimerism in HSCT recipients estimated by STR-PCR/in-house SNP-qPCR. Moreover, KMRtrack showed better sensitivity with high specificity when compared to STR-PCR to detect recipient chimerism. Chimerism analysis with KMR kits can be a standardized, sensitive, and highly informative method to evaluate the graft status of HSCT recipients.
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10
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Suchy FP, Nishimura T, Seki S, Wilkinson AC, Higuchi M, Hsu I, Zhang J, Bhadury J, Nakauchi H. Streamlined and quantitative detection of chimerism using digital PCR. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10223. [PMID: 35715477 PMCID: PMC9206010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal chimeras are widely used for biomedical discoveries, from developmental biology to cancer research. However, the accurate quantitation of mixed cell types in chimeric and mosaic tissues is complicated by sample preparation bias, transgenic silencing, phenotypic similarity, and low-throughput analytical pipelines. Here, we have developed and characterized a droplet digital PCR single-nucleotide discrimination assay to detect chimerism among common albino and non-albino mouse strains. In addition, we validated that this assay is compatible with crude lysate from all solid organs, drastically streamlining sample preparation. This chimerism detection assay has many additional advantages over existing methods including its robust nature, minimal technical bias, and ability to report the total number of cells in a prepared sample. Moreover, the concepts discussed here are readily adapted to other genomic loci to accurately measure mixed cell populations in any tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P Suchy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shinsuke Seki
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Experimental Animal Division, Bioscience Education and Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maimi Higuchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ian Hsu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joydeep Bhadury
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Vynck M, Nollet F, Sibbens L, Devos H. Chimerism monitoring using biallelic single nucleotide or insertion/deletion polymorphisms: how many markers to screen? Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lindahl H, Vonlanthen S, Valentini D, Björklund AT, Sundin M, Mielke S, Hauzenberger D. Lineage-specific early complete donor chimerism and risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:753-759. [PMID: 35210563 PMCID: PMC9090632 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recipient–donor chimerism is routinely analyzed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to monitor engraftment and graft rejection. For malignancies, chimerism can also be used to screen for disease relapse post-HSCT but methodology and interpretation of results are not standardized and likely depend on underlying diagnosis. We have implemented highly sensitive and accurate methodologies for chimerism analysis for the purpose of improving relapse prediction. Here, we report an exploratory retrospective analysis of clinical routine chimerism results from all 154 HSCTs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) performed at our center during the years 2015–2020 with the aim of suggesting a clinically useful threshold at which risk of relapse is high. Relapse was not reliably predicted based on single elevated chimerism values obtained before time of overt relapse. However, early complete donor chimerism, here defined as recipient DNA < 0.2% in CD33+ cells in any blood or bone marrow sample taken during the first 60 days after HSCT, correlated inversely with relapse during the observation time (log-rank test P = 0.033). We propose that achievement of complete chimerism determined early after HSCT using sensitive methods can be used for risk-stratification of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sofie Vonlanthen
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas T Björklund
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and HCT, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LabMED), Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Hauzenberger
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Blouin AG, Askar M. Chimerism analysis for clinicians: a review of the literature and worldwide practices. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:347-359. [PMID: 35082369 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights literature pertinent to chimerism analysis in the context of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We also conducted a survey of testing practices of program members of CIBMTR worldwide. Questions included testing methods, time points, specimen type, cell lineage tested and testing indications. Recent literature suggests that detection of low level mixed chimerism has a clinical utility in predicting relapse. There is also increasing recognition of HLA loss relapse to potentially guide rescue decisions in cases of relapse. These developments coincide with wider access to high sensitivity next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical laboratories. Our survey revealed a heterogeneity in practices as well as in findings and conclusions of published studies. Although the most commonly used method is STR, studies support more sensitive methods such as NGS, especially for predicting relapse. There is no conclusive evidence to support testing chimerism in BM over PB, particularly when using a high sensitivity testing method. Periodic monitoring of chimerism especially in diagnoses with a high risk of relapse is advantageous. Lineage specific chimerism is more sensitive than whole blood in predicting impending relapse. Further studies that critically assess how to utilize chimerism testing results will inform evidence based clinical management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Blouin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Medhat Askar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA. .,National Donor Marrow Program (NMDP)/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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14
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Olmedillas-López S, Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Current and Emerging Applications of Droplet Digital PCR in Oncology: An Updated Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 26:61-87. [PMID: 34773243 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine and targeted therapies for the management of patients with cancer, ultrasensitive detection methods for tumor genotyping, such as next-generation sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), play a significant role. In the search for less invasive strategies for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring, the number of publications regarding liquid biopsy approaches using ddPCR has increased substantially in recent years. There is a long list of malignancies in which ddPCR provides a reliable and accurate tool for detection of nucleic acid-based markers derived from cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles or exosomes when isolated from whole blood, plasma and serum, helping to anticipate tumor relapse or unveil intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in response to treatment. This updated review describes recent developments in ddPCR platforms and provides a general overview about the major applications of liquid biopsy in blood, including its utility for molecular response and minimal residual disease monitoring in hematological malignancies or the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal or lung cancer, particularly for the selection and monitoring of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although plasma is the main source of genetic material for tumor genomic profiling, liquid biopsy by ddPCR is being investigated in a wide variety of biologic fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, ocular fluids, sputum, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural effusion, mucin, peritoneal fluid, fine needle aspirate, bile or pancreatic juice. The present review focuses on these "alternative" sources of genetic material and their analysis by ddPCR in different kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Tozzo P, Delicati A, Zambello R, Caenazzo L. Chimerism Monitoring Techniques after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Overview of the Last 15 Years of Innovations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040621. [PMID: 33808342 PMCID: PMC8065704 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimerism analysis is a well-established method for monitoring the state of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) over time by analyzing peripheral blood or bone marrow samples of the recipient in several malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases. From a clinical point of view, a continuous monitoring is fundamental for an effective early therapeutic intervention. This paper provides a comparative overview of the main molecular biology techniques which can be used to study chimerism after bone marrow transplantation, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages. According to the examined literature, short tandem repeats (STR) analysis through simple PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis (STR-PCR) is the most powerful method which guarantees a high power of differentiation between different individuals. However, other methods such as real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology were developed to overcome the technical limits of STR-PCR. In particular, these other techniques guarantee a higher sensitivity, which allows for the detection of chimerism at an earlier stage, hence expanding the window for therapeutic intervention. After a comparative evaluation of the various techniques, it seems clear that STR-PCR still remains the gold standard option for chimerism study, even if it is likely that both dPCR and NGS could supplement or even replace the common methods of STR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Tozzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-2235
| | - Arianna Delicati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Padova University School of Medicine, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luciana Caenazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (L.C.)
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Imamura M. Impaired Hematopoiesis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Its Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments. HEMATO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Impaired hematopoiesis is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Bone marrow aplasia and peripheral cytopenias arise from primary and secondary graft failure or primary and secondary poor graft function. Chimerism analysis is useful to discriminate these conditions. By determining the pathogenesis of impaired hematopoiesis, a timely and appropriate treatment can be performed. Hematopoietic system principally consists of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow microenvironment termed niches. Abnormality in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and/or abnormality in the relevant niches give rise to hematological diseases. Allo-HSCT is intended to cure each hematological disease, replacing abnormal hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow niches with hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow niches derived from normal donors. Therefore, treatment for graft failure and poor graft function after allo-HSCT is required to proceed based on determining the pathogenesis of impaired hematopoiesis. Recent progress in this area suggests promising treatment manipulations for graft failure and poor graft function.
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