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Arylsulfatase K inactivation causes mucopolysaccharidosis due to deficient glucuronate desulfation of heparan and chondroitin sulfate. Biochem J 2021; 477:3433-3451. [PMID: 32856704 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses comprise a group of rare metabolic diseases, in which the lysosomal degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is impaired due to genetically inherited defects of lysosomal enzymes involved in GAG catabolism. The resulting intralysosomal accumulation of GAG-derived metabolites consequently manifests in neurological symptoms and also peripheral abnormalities in various tissues like liver, kidney, spleen and bone. As each GAG consists of differently sulfated disaccharide units, it needs a specific, but also partly overlapping set of lysosomal enzymes to accomplish their complete degradation. Recently, we identified and characterized the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase K (Arsk) exhibiting glucuronate-2-sulfatase activity as needed for the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). In the present study, we investigated the physiological relevance of Arsk by means of a constitutive Arsk knockout mouse model. A complete lack of glucuronate desulfation was demonstrated by a specific enzyme activity assay. Arsk-deficient mice show, in an organ-specific manner, a moderate accumulation of HS and CS metabolites characterized by 2-O-sulfated glucuronate moieties at their non-reducing ends. Pathophysiological studies reflect a rather mild phenotype including behavioral changes. Interestingly, no prominent lysosomal storage pathology like bone abnormalities were detected. Our results from the Arsk mouse model suggest a new although mild form of mucopolysacharidose (MPS), which we designate MPS type IIB.
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Craenen K, Verslegers M, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Craeghs L, Buset J, Govaerts K, Neefs M, Gsell W, Baatout S, D'Hooge R, Himmelreich U, Moons L, Benotmane MA. Folic Acid Fortification Prevents Morphological and Behavioral Consequences of X-Ray Exposure During Neurulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:609660. [PMID: 33488367 PMCID: PMC7820780 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.609660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a causal link between pre-natal exposure to ionizing radiation and birth defects such as microphthalmos and exencephaly. In mice, these defects arise primarily after high-dose X-irradiation during early neurulation. However, the impact of sublethal (low) X-ray doses during this early developmental time window on adult behavior and morphology of central nervous system structures is not known. In addition, the efficacy of folic acid (FA) in preventing radiation-induced birth defects and persistent radiation-induced anomalies has remained unexplored. To assess the efficacy of FA in preventing radiation-induced defects, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were X-irradiated at embryonic day (E)7.5 and were fed FA-fortified food. FA partially prevented radiation-induced (1.0 Gy) anophthalmos, exencephaly and gastroschisis at E18, and reduced the number of pre-natal deaths, fetal weight loss and defects in the cervical vertebrae resulting from irradiation. Furthermore, FA food fortification counteracted radiation-induced impairments in vision and olfaction, which were evidenced after exposure to doses ≥0.1 Gy. These findings coincided with the observation of a reduction in thickness of the retinal ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer, and a decreased axial length of the eye following exposure to 0.5 Gy. Finally, MRI studies revealed a volumetric decrease of the hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, midbrain and pons following 0.5 Gy irradiation, which could be partially ameliorated after FA food fortification. Altogether, our study is the first to offer detailed insights into the long-term consequences of X-ray exposure during neurulation, and supports the use of FA as a radioprotectant and antiteratogen to counter the detrimental effects of X-ray exposure during this crucial period of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Craenen
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Livine Craeghs
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Buset
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristof Govaerts
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Neefs
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Abderrafi Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire), Mol, Belgium
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Wolf H, Damme M, Stroobants S, D'Hooge R, Beck HC, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Dierks T, Lübke T. A mouse model for fucosidosis recapitulates storage pathology and neurological features of the milder form of the human disease. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1015-28. [PMID: 27491075 PMCID: PMC5047687 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α-L-fucosidase, which leads to an impaired degradation of fucosylated glycoconjugates. Here, we report the generation of a fucosidosis mouse model, in which the gene for lysosomal α-L-fucosidase (Fuca1) was disrupted by gene targeting. Homozygous knockout mice completely lack α-L-fucosidase activity in all tested organs leading to highly elevated amounts of the core-fucosylated glycoasparagine Fuc(α1,6)-GlcNAc(β1-N)-Asn and, to a lesser extent, other fucosylated glycoasparagines, which all were also partially excreted in urine. Lysosomal storage pathology was observed in many visceral organs, such as in the liver, kidney, spleen and bladder, as well as in the central nervous system (CNS). On the cellular level, storage was characterized by membrane-limited cytoplasmic vacuoles primarily containing water-soluble storage material. In the CNS, cellular alterations included enlargement of the lysosomal compartment in various cell types, accumulation of secondary storage material and neuroinflammation, as well as a progressive loss of Purkinje cells combined with astrogliosis leading to psychomotor and memory deficits. Our results demonstrate that this new fucosidosis mouse model resembles the human disease and thus will help to unravel underlying pathological processes. Moreover, this model could be utilized to establish diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for fucosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wolf
- Biochemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Stijn Stroobants
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Odense University Hospital, Odense DK-5000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
| | - Torben Lübke
- Biochemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33615, Germany
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Increased gait variability in mice with small cerebellar cortex lesions and normal rotarod performance. Behav Brain Res 2013; 241:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Matthes F, Stroobants S, Gerlach D, Wohlenberg C, Wessig C, Fogh J, Gieselmann V, Eckhardt M, D'Hooge R, Matzner U. Efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in an aggravated mouse model of metachromatic leukodystrophy declines with age. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2599-609. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Xu H, Kongmanas K, Kadunganattil S, Smith CE, Rupar T, Goto-Inoue N, Hermo L, Faull KF, Tanphaichitr N. Arylsulfatase A deficiency causes seminolipid accumulation and a lysosomal storage disorder in Sertoli cells. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2187-2197. [PMID: 21965315 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m019661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the major sulfoglycolipid of male germ cells. During spermatogenesis, apoptosis occurs in >50% of total germ cells. Sertoli cells phagocytose these apoptotic germ cells and degrade their components using lysosomal enzymes. Here we demonstrated that SGG was a physiological substrate of Sertoli lysosomal arylsulfatase A (ARSA). SGG accumulated in Sertoli cells of Arsa(-/-) mice, and at 8 months of age, this buildup led to lysosomal swelling and other cellular abnormalities typical of a lysosomal storage disorder. This disorder likely compromised Sertoli cell functions, manifesting as impaired spermatogenesis and production of sperm with near-zero fertilizing ability in vitro. Fecundity of Arsa(-/-) males was thus reduced when they were older than 5 months. Sperm SGG is known for its roles in fertilization. Therefore, the minimal sperm fertilizing ability of 8-month-old Arsa(-/-) males may be explained by the 50% reduction of their sperm SGG levels, a result that was also observed in testicular germ cells. These unexpected decreases in SGG levels might be partly due to depletion of the backbone lipid palmitylpalmitoylglycerol that is generated from the SGG degradation pathway in Sertoli cells and normally recycled to new generations of primary spermatocytes for SGG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4E9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4E9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Suraj Kadunganattil
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4E9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2B2, Canada
| | - Tony Rupar
- Departments of Pediatrics University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada; Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; and
| | - Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2B2, Canada
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4E9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H8M5, Canada.
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Faldini E, Stroobants S, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Eckhardt M, Gieselmann V, Balschun D, D’Hooge R. Telencephalic histopathology and changes in behavioural and neural plasticity in a murine model for metachromatic leukodystrophy. Behav Brain Res 2011; 222:309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stroobants S, Gerlach D, Matthes F, Hartmann D, Fogh J, Gieselmann V, D'Hooge R, Matzner U. Intracerebroventricular enzyme infusion corrects central nervous system pathology and dysfunction in a mouse model of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2760-9. [PMID: 21515587 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylsulfatase A (ASA) catalyzes the desulfation of sulfatide, a major lipid component of myelin. Inherited functional deficiencies of ASA cause the lysosomal storage disease (LSD) metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), which is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of sulfatide, progressive neurological symptoms and early death. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using intravenous injection of active enzyme is a treatment option for many LSDs as exogenous lysosomal enzymes are delivered to lysosomes of patient's cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Efficient treatment of MLD and other LSDs with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is, however, hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits transfer of therapeutic enzymes from the circulation to the brain parenchyma. To bypass the BBB, we infused recombinant human ASA (rhASA) by implanted miniature pumps into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a conventional and a novel, genetically aggravated ASA knockout mouse model of MLD. rhASA continuously delivered to the lateral ventricle for 4 weeks penetrated the brain parenchyma and was targeted to the lysosomes of brain cells. Histological analysis revealed complete reversal of lysosomal storage in the infused hemisphere. rhASA concentrations and sulfatide clearance declined with increasing distance from the infusion site. Correction of the ataxic gait indicated reversal of central nervous system dysfunctions. The profound histopathological and functional improvements, the requirement of low enzyme doses and the absence of immunological side effects suggest intracerebroventricular ERT to be a promising treatment option for MLD and other LSDs with prevailing CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Stroobants
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Leuven, Belgium
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Cerebellar alterations and gait defects as therapeutic outcome measures for enzyme replacement therapy in α-mannosidosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:83-94. [PMID: 21157375 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31820428fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mannosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease with accumulation of undegraded mannosyl-linked oligosaccharides in cells throughout the body, most notably in the CNS. This leads to a broad spectrum of neurological manifestations, including progressive intellectual impairment, disturbed motor functions, and cerebellar atrophy. To develop therapeutic outcome measures for enzyme replacement therapy that could be used for human patients, a gene knockout model of α-mannosidosis in mice was analyzed for CNS pathology and motor deficits. In the cerebellar molecular layer, α-mannosidosis mice display clusters of activated Bergman glia, infiltration of phagocytic macrophages, and accumulation of free cholesterol and gangliosides (GM1), notably in regions lacking Purkinje cells. α-Mannosidosis brain lysates also displayed increased expression of Lamp1 and hyperglycosylation of the cholesterol binding protein NPC2. Detailed assessment of motor function revealed age-dependent gait defects in the mice that resemble the disturbed motor function in human patients. Short-term enzyme replacement therapy partially reversed the observed cerebellar pathology with fewer activated macrophages and astrocytes but unchanged levels of hyperglycosylated NPC2, gangliosides, and cholesterol. The present study demonstrates cerebellar alterations in α-mannosidosis mice that relate to the motor deficits and pathological changes seen in human patients and can be used as therapeutic outcome measures.
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van Zyl R, Gieselmann V, Eckhardt M. Elevated sulfatide levels in neurons cause lethal audiogenic seizures in mice. J Neurochem 2010; 112:282-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Enzyme replacement improves ataxic gait and central nervous system histopathology in a mouse model of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Mol Ther 2009; 17:600-6. [PMID: 19174759 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiencies of lysosomal hydrolases cause lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) that are characterized by a progressive multisystemic pathology and premature death. Repeated intravenous injection of the active counterpart of the deficient enzyme, a treatment strategy called enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), evolved as a clinical option for several LSDs without central nervous system (CNS) involvement. To assess the efficacy of long-term ERT in metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), an LSD with prevailing nervous system disease, we treated immunotolerant arylsulfatase A (ASA) knockout mice with 52 doses of either 4 or 50 mg/kg recombinant human ASA (rhASA). ERT was tolerated without side effects and improved disease manifestations in a dose-dependent manner. Dosing of 4 mg/kg diminished sulfatide storage in kidney and peripheral nervous system (PNS) but not the CNS, whereas treatment with 50 mg/kg was also effective in the CNS in reducing storage in brain and spinal cord by 34 and 45%, respectively. Histological analyses revealed regional differences in sulfatide clearance. While 70% less storage profiles were detectable, for example, in the hippocampal fimbria, the histopathology of the brain stem was unchanged. Both enzyme doses normalized the ataxic gait of ASA knockout mice, demonstrating prevention of nervous system dysfunctions that dominate early stages of MLD.
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Blanz J, Stroobants S, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Morelle W, Lüdemann M, D'Hooge R, Reuterwall H, Michalski JC, Fogh J, Andersson C, Saftig P. Reversal of peripheral and central neural storage and ataxia after recombinant enzyme replacement therapy in α-mannosidosis mice. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:3437-45. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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The Role and Metabolism of Sulfatide in the Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 37:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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