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Mazucanti CH, Kennedy V, Premathilake HU, Doyle ME, Tian J, Liu QR, O'Connell J, Camandola S, Egan JM. AAV5-mediated manipulation of insulin expression in choroid plexus has long-term metabolic and behavioral consequences. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112903. [PMID: 37515772 PMCID: PMC10529429 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a source of trophic factors for the developing and mature brain. Insulin is produced in epithelial cells of the CP (EChPs), and its secretion is stimulated by Htr2c-mediated signaling. We modulated insulin expression in EChPs with intracerebroventricular injections of AAV5. Insulin overexpression in CP decelerates food intake, whereas its knockdown has the opposite effect. Insulin overexpression also results in reduced anxious behavior. Transcriptomic changes in the hypothalamus, especially in synapse-related processes, are also seen in mice overexpressing insulin in CP. Last, activation of Gq signaling in CP leads to acute Akt phosphorylation in neurons of the arcuate nucleus, indicating a direct action of CP-derived insulin on the hypothalamus. Taken together, our findings signify that CP is a relevant source of insulin in the central nervous system and that CP-derived insulin should be taken into consideration in future work pertaining to insulin actions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vernon Kennedy
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hasitha U Premathilake
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jane Tian
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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2
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Wang Q, Lu M, Zhu X, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia C, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhou M. Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Possible Mechanism Links Early Life Anxiety to Alzheimer’s Disease in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1127-1145. [PMID: 35855329 PMCID: PMC9286915 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mingmei Zhou, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail:
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3
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Spinelli M, Fusco S, Grassi C. Brain insulin resistance impairs hippocampal plasticity. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 114:281-306. [PMID: 32723548 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-related signals have been demonstrated to influence brain development and cognitive functions. In particular, insulin signaling has been shown to impact on molecular cascades underlying hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. Alteration of brain insulin signaling interferes with the maintenance of neural stem cell niche and neuronal activity in the hippocampus. Brain insulin resistance is also emerging as key factor causing the cognitive impairment observed in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms involved in the insulin modulation of both adult neurogenesis and synaptic activity in the hippocampus. We also summarize the effects of altered insulin sensitivity on hippocampal plasticity. Finally, we reassume the experimental and epidemiological evidence highlighting the critical role of brain insulin resistance at the crossroad between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Spinelli M, Fusco S, Grassi C. Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:788. [PMID: 31417349 PMCID: PMC6685093 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, much attention has been devoted to the effects of nutrient-related signals on brain development and cognitive functions. A turning point was the discovery that brain areas other than the hypothalamus expressed receptors for hormones related to metabolism. In particular, insulin signaling has been demonstrated to impact on molecular cascades underlying hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. Here, we summarize the molecular evidence linking alteration of hippocampal insulin sensitivity with changes of both adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. We also review the epidemiological studies and experimental models emphasizing the critical role of brain insulin resistance at the crossroad between metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Finally, we brief novel findings suggesting how biomarkers of brain insulin resistance, involving the study of brain-derived extracellular vesicles and brain glucose metabolism, may predict the onset and/or the progression of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Spinelli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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5
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Yu L, Chen Y, Xu Y, He T, Wei Y, He R. D-ribose is elevated in T1DM patients and can be involved in the onset of encephalopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4943-4969. [PMID: 31307014 PMCID: PMC6682534 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many mechanisms have been proposed for diabetic encephalopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk factors for cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are less clear. Here, we show that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM rats showed cognitive impairment in both Y maze and Morris water maze assays, accompanied with D-ribose was significantly increased in blood and urine, in addition to D-glucose. Furthermore, advanced glycation end products (AGE), Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA4/DG region were detected in T1DM rats. The expression and activity of transketolase (TKT), an important enzyme in the pentose shunt, were decreased in the brain, indicating that TKT may be involved in D-ribose metabolism in T1DM. Support for these change was demonstrated by the activation of TKT with benfotiamine (BTMP) treatment. Decreased D-ribose levels but not D-glucose levels; markedly reduced AGE accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal death; and improved cognitive ability in T1DM rats were shown after BTMP administration. In clinical investigation, T1DM patients had high D-ribose levels in both urine and serum. Our work suggests that D-ribose is involved in the cognitive impairment in T1DM and may provide a potentially novel target for treating diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Klement RJ. Wilhelm Brünings' forgotten contribution to the metabolic treatment of cancer utilizing hypoglycemia and a very low carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:192-200. [PMID: 31193891 PMCID: PMC6544614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the alterations of tumor cell metabolism and their possible therapeutic exploitation also spurred new complementary and integrative approaches such as treating patients with a ketogenic diet (KD). KDs aim at inhibiting glycolytic tumor metabolism and growth, and have therefore been proposed as adjuncts not only to standard-of-care, but also to other therapies targeting tumor metabolism. Here I describe the life and forgotten work of one of the earliest researchers who realized the importance of altered tumor cell metabolism and its possible exploitation through metabolic modifications: Wilhelm Brünings. Brünings was a German natural scientist and physician famous for his innovative contributions to the fields of physiology and otorhinolaryngology. Based on the findings of Otto Warburg and his physiological reasoning he started to experiment with insulin administration and KDs in his patients with head and neck cancers, aiming to maximally lower blood glucose concentrations. He obtained encouraging short-term results, although most tumors became refractory to treatment after several weeks. His pioneering work is worth revisiting, especially for an international readership that may be unaware of his efforts, as hypoglycemic treatments, including the use of insulin injections and KDs, are currently being re-investigated as complementary and integrative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany
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7
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Wu B, Wei Y, Wang Y, Su T, Zhou L, Liu Y, He R. Gavage of D-Ribose induces Aβ-like deposits, Tau hyperphosphorylation as well as memory loss and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34128-42. [PMID: 26452037 PMCID: PMC4741441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to D-Glucose, D-Ribose is also abnormally elevated in the urine of type 2 diabetic patients, establishing a positive correlation between the concentration of uric D-Ribose and the severity of diabetes. Intraperitoneal injection of D-Ribose causes memory loss and brain inflammation in mice. To simulate a chronic progression of age-related cognitive impairment, we orally administered D-Ribose by gavage at both a low and high dose to 8 week-old male C57BL/6J mice daily for a total of 6 months, followed by behavioral, histological and biochemical analysis. We found that long-term oral administration of D-Ribose impairs spatial learning and memory, accompanied by anxiety-like behavior. Tau was hyperphosphorylated at AT8, S396, S214 and T181 in the brain. Aβ-like deposition was also found in the hippocampus for the high dose group. D-Glucose-gavaged mice did not show significant memory loss and anxiety-like behavior under the same experimental conditions. These results demonstrate that a long-term oral administration of D-Ribose not only induces memory loss with anxiety-like behavior, but also elevates Aβ-like deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation, presenting D-Ribose-gavaged mouse as a model for age-related cognitive impairment and diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Animal Experiment Center, Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Humanin Does Not Protect Against STZ-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:290-8. [PMID: 25744099 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) is a 24-amino acid peptide which was first identified in the brains of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this region, some neurons were protected against cell damage occurring in this disease. Further studies suggested a neuroprotective role for humanin against Aβ and some other insults. Intraventricularly administered streptozotocin (STZ) disrupts insulin signaling pathway which leads to behavioral and biochemical changes resemble to early signs of AD; therefore, STZ model has been proposed as a model for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Regarding the reported beneficial effects of humanin in AD, this study was aimed to investigate if this peptide prevents spatial memory and hippocampal PI3/Akt signaling impairment induced by centrally injected STZ. Adult male Sprague-Dawely rats weighting 250-300 g were used, and cannuls were implanted bilaterally into lateral ventricles. STZ was administered on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg), and humanin (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1 nmol) or saline were injected from day 4 and continued till day 14. The animal's learning and memory capability was assessed on days 15-18 using Morris water maze. After complement of behavioral studies, the hippocampi were isolated, and the level of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) was assessed through Western blot analysis. The results showed that STZ significantly impaired spatial memory, and humanin in a wide range of doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 1 nmol) failed to restore STZ-induced deficit. It was also revealed that humanin was not efficient in restoring pAkt disruption. It seems that humanin is not capable in restoring memory deterioration that resulted from insulin signaling disruption.
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Yin SH, Wang CC, Cheng TJ, Chang CY, Lin KC, Kan WC, Wang HY, Kao WMW, Kuo YL, Chen JC, Li SL, Cheng CH, Chuu JJ. Room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) optimizes the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behavioural effects of traditional Xiao-Yao-San in mice. Chin Med 2012; 7:24. [PMID: 23134744 PMCID: PMC3582554 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) is a Chinese medicinal formula for treating anxiety and depression. This study aims to evaluate the use of a room-temperature super-extraction system (RTSES) to extract the major active components of XYS and enhance their psycho-pharmacological effects. Methods The neuroprotective roles of XYS/RTSES against reserpine-derived neurotoxicity were evaluated using a glial cell injury system (in vitro) and a depression-like C57BL/6 J mouse model (in vivo). The anxiolytic-behavioural effects were measured by the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and the antidepressant effects were evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were assayed by ELISA. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex was examined by western blotting. Results XYS/RTSES (300 μg/mL) diminished reserpine-induced glial cell death more effectively than either XYS (300 μg/mL) or fluoxetine (30 μM) at 24 h (P = 0.0481 and P = 0.054, respectively). Oral administration of XYS/RTSES (500 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive weeks significantly elevated the ratios of entries (open arms/closed arms; P = 0.0177) and shuttle activity (P = 0.00149) on the EPM test, and reduced the immobility time by 90% on the TST (P = 0.00000538) and FST (P = 0.0000053839). XYS/RTSES also improved the regulation of blood glucose (P = 0.0305) and increased the insulin sensitivity (P = 0.0093). The Western blot results indicated that the activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors may be involved in the mechanisms of XYS/RTSES actions. Conclusion The RTSES could provide a novel method for extracting effective anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like substances. XYS/RTSES improved the regulation of blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in reserpine-induced anxiety and depression. Neuroprotection of glial cells and activation of cerebral 5-HT1A receptors were also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsi Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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10
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Ghasemi R, Haeri A, Dargahi L, Mohamed Z, Ahmadiani A. Insulin in the brain: sources, localization and functions. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:145-71. [PMID: 22956272 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, insulin is best known for its role in peripheral glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling in the brain has received less attention. Insulin-independent brain glucose uptake has been the main reason for considering the brain as an insulin-insensitive organ. However, recent findings showing a high concentration of insulin in brain extracts, and expression of insulin receptors (IRs) in central nervous system tissues have gathered considerable attention over the sources, localization, and functions of insulin in the brain. This review summarizes the current status of knowledge of the peripheral and central sources of insulin in the brain, site-specific expression of IRs, and also neurophysiological functions of insulin including the regulation of food intake, weight control, reproduction, and cognition and memory formation. This review also considers the neuromodulatory and neurotrophic effects of insulin, resulting in proliferation, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, introducing insulin as an attractive tool for neuroprotection against apoptosis, oxidative stress, beta amyloid toxicity, and brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Yeoman M, Scutt G, Faragher R. Insights into CNS ageing from animal models of senescence. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012; 13:435-45. [PMID: 22595787 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, novel model systems have made significant contributions to our understanding of the processes that control the ageing of whole organisms. However, there are limited data to show that the mechanisms that gerontologists have identified as having a role in organismal ageing contribute significantly to the ageing of the central nervous system. Two recent discoveries illustrate this particularly well. The first is the consistent failure of researchers to demonstrate a simple relationship between organismal ageing and oxidative stress--a mechanism often assumed to have a primary role in brain ageing. The second is the demonstration that senescent cells play a causal part in organismal ageing but remain essentially unstudied in a CNS context. We argue that the animal models now available (including rodents, flies, molluscs and worms), if properly applied, will allow a paradigm shift in our current understanding of the normal processes of brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yeoman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, UK
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12
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McNay EC, Recknagel AK. Reprint of: 'Brain insulin signaling: A key component of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes'. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 96:517-28. [PMID: 22085799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the role of insulin in the brain has gradually expanded, from initial conceptions of the brain as insulin-insensitive through identification of a role in regulation of feeding, to recent demonstration of insulin as a key component of hippocampal memory processes. Conversely, systemic insulin resistance such as that seen in type 2 diabetes is associated with a range of cognitive and neural deficits. Here we review the evidence for insulin as a cognitive and neural modulator, including potential effector mechanisms, and examine the impact that type 2 diabetes has on these mechanisms in order to identify likely bases for the cognitive impairments seen in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan C McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany (SUNY), SS399, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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13
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Dinel AL, André C, Aubert A, Ferreira G, Layé S, Castanon N. Cognitive and emotional alterations are related to hippocampal inflammation in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24325. [PMID: 21949705 PMCID: PMC3174932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging clinical data suggest that peripheral inflammation is likely involved in the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the question arises as to whether the increased prevalence of behavioral alterations in MetS is also associated with central inflammation, i.e. cytokine activation, in brain areas particularly involved in controlling behavior. To answer this question, we measured in a mouse model of MetS, namely the diabetic and obese db/db mice, and in their healthy db/+ littermates emotional behaviors and memory performances, as well as plasma levels and brain expression (hippocampus; hypothalamus) of inflammatory cytokines. Our results shows that db/db mice displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors in the open-field and the elevated plus-maze (i.e. reduced percent of time spent in anxiogenic areas of each device), but not depressive-like behaviors as assessed by immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Moreover, db/db mice displayed impaired spatial recognition memory (hippocampus-dependent task), but unaltered object recognition memory (hippocampus-independent task). In agreement with the well-established role of the hippocampus in anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory, behavioral alterations of db/db mice were associated with increased inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) and reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus but not the hypothalamus. These results strongly point to interactions between cytokines and central processes involving the hippocampus as important contributing factor to the behavioral alterations of db/db mice. These findings may prove valuable for introducing novel approaches to treat neuropsychiatric complications associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Dinel
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline André
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Aubert
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type induced by streptozotocin promotes anxiogenic behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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McNay EC, Recknagel AK. Brain insulin signaling: a key component of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 96:432-42. [PMID: 21907815 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the role of insulin in the brain has gradually expanded, from initial conceptions of the brain as insulin-insensitive through identification of a role in regulation of feeding, to recent demonstration of insulin as a key component of hippocampal memory processes. Conversely, systemic insulin resistance such as that seen in type 2 diabetes is associated with a range of cognitive and neural deficits. Here we review the evidence for insulin as a cognitive and neural modulator, including potential effector mechanisms, and examine the impact that type 2 diabetes has on these mechanisms in order to identify likely bases for the cognitive impairments seen in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan C McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany (SUNY), SS399, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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Kauffman AL, Ashraf JM, Corces-Zimmerman MR, Landis JN, Murphy CT. Insulin signaling and dietary restriction differentially influence the decline of learning and memory with age. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000372. [PMID: 20502519 PMCID: PMC2872642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the age-related declines, memory loss is one of the most devastating. While conditions that increase longevity have been identified, the effects of these longevity-promoting factors on learning and memory are unknown. Here we show that the C. elegans Insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant daf-2 improves memory performance early in adulthood and maintains learning ability better with age but, surprisingly, demonstrates no extension in long-term memory with age. By contrast, eat-2 mutants, a model of Dietary Restriction (DR), exhibit impaired long-term memory in young adulthood but maintain this level of memory longer with age. We find that crh-1, the C. elegans homolog of the CREB transcription factor, is required for long-term associative memory, but not for learning or short-term memory. The expression of crh-1 declines with age and differs in the longevity mutants, and CREB expression and activity correlate with memory performance. Our results suggest that specific longevity treatments have acute and long-term effects on cognitive functions that decline with age through their regulation of rate-limiting genes required for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Kauffman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jasmine M. Ashraf
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - M. Ryan Corces-Zimmerman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jessica N. Landis
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Coleen T. Murphy
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Abstract
Preterm and critically ill newborns admitted to a NICU undergo repeated skin-breaking procedures that are necessary for their survival. Sucrose is rapidly becoming the accepted clinical standard nonpharmacologic intervention for managing acute procedural pain for these infants. Although shown to be safe in single doses, only 4 studies have evaluated the effects of repeated doses of sucrose over relatively short periods of time. None has examined the use of sucrose throughout the NICU stay, and only 1 study evaluated the neurodevelopmental outcomes after repeated doses of sucrose. In that study, infants born at <31 weeks' gestational age and exposed to >10 doses per day in the first week of life were more likely to show poorer attention and motor development in the early months after discharge from the NICU. Results of studies in animal models have suggested that the mechanism of action of sucrose is through opioid pathways; however, in human infants, little has been done to examine the physiologic mechanisms involved, and the findings reported thus far have been ambiguous. Drawing from the growing animal literature of research that has examined the effects of chronic sugar exposure, we describe alternative amine and hormone pathways that are common to the processing of sucrose, attention, and motor development. In addition, a review of the latest research to examine the effects of repeated sucrose on pain processing is presented. These 2 literatures each can inform the other and can provide an impetus to initiate research to examine not only the mechanisms involved in the calming mechanisms of sucrose but also in the long-term neurodevelopmental effects of repeated sucrose in those infants born extremely preterm or critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Holsti
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ruth E. Grunau
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sun MK, Nelson TJ, Alkon DL. PKC and Insulin Pathways in Memory Storage: Targets for Synaptogenesis, Anti-apoptosis, and the Treatment of AD. DIABETES, INSULIN AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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