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Tzeng WY, Figarella K, Garaschuk O. Olfactory impairment in men and mice related to aging and amyloid-induced pathology. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:805-821. [PMID: 33608800 PMCID: PMC7895745 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction, or the sense of smell, is one of the most ancient senses in men and mice, important for a large variety of innate and acquired behaviors. Clinical data reveal an early impairment of olfaction during normal aging and in the course of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the current review, we compare different aspects of the aging- and Alzheimer's disease related impairment of olfaction in men and mice, aiming at the identification of common morbidities and biomarkers, which can be analyzed in detail in the appropriate mouse models. We also identify common, often interdependent (patho)physiological pathways, including but not limited to extracellular amyloid depositions, neuroinflammation, ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E, CNS insulin resistance, and the impairment of adult neurogenesis, to be targeted by basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Tzeng
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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Baranger K, Bonnet AE, Girard SD, Paumier JM, García-González L, Elmanaa W, Bernard A, Charrat E, Stephan D, Bauer C, Moschke K, Lichtenthaler SF, Roman FS, Checler F, Khrestchatisky M, Rivera S. MT5-MMP Promotes Alzheimer's Pathogenesis in the Frontal Cortex of 5xFAD Mice and APP Trafficking in vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:163. [PMID: 28119565 PMCID: PMC5223243 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that deficiency of membrane-type five matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) prevents amyloid pathology in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, and ameliorates the functional outcome. We have now investigated whether the integrity of another important area affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the frontal cortex, was also preserved upon MT5-MMP deficiency in 4-month old mice at prodromal stages of the pathology. We used the olfactory H-maze (OHM) to show that learning impairment associated with dysfunctions of the frontal cortex in 5xFAD was prevented in bigenic 5xFAD/MT5-MMP-/- mice. The latter exhibited concomitant drastic reductions of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) assemblies (soluble, oligomeric and fibrillary) and its immediate precursor, C99. Simultaneously, astrocyte reactivity and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were also lowered. Moreover, MT5-MMP deficiency induced a decrease in N-terminal soluble fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP), including soluble APPα (sAPPα), sAPPβ and the MT5-MMP-linked fragment of 95 kDa, sAPP95. However, the lack of MT5-MMP did not affect the activity of β- and γ-secretases. In cultured HEKswe cells, transiently expressed MT5-MMP localized to early endosomes and increased the content of APP and Aβ40 in these organelles, as well as Aβ levels in cell supernatants. This is the first evidence that the pro-amyloidogenic features of MT5-MMP lie, at least in part, on the ability of the proteinase to promote trafficking into one of the amyloidogenic subcellular loci. Together, our data further support the pathogenic role of MT5-MMP in AD and that its inhibition improves the functional and pathological outcomes, in this case in the frontal cortex. These data also support the idea that MT5-MMP could become a novel therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Baranger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259 Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Wejdane Elmanaa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Laboratory of excellence DistALZ, Sophia-Antipolis Valbonne, France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259 Marseille, France
| | - Eliane Charrat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259 Marseille, France
| | | | - Charlotte Bauer
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Laboratory of excellence DistALZ, Sophia-Antipolis Valbonne, France
| | - Katrin Moschke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Munich, Germany
| | | | - Frédéric Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Laboratory of excellence DistALZ, Sophia-Antipolis Valbonne, France
| | | | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259 Marseille, France
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Cho WH, Park JC, Chung C, Jeon WK, Han JS. Learning strategy preference of 5XFAD transgenic mice depends on the sequence of place/spatial and cued training in the water maze task. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Stimulation of 5-HT2C receptors improves cognitive deficits induced by human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 loss of function mutation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1125-34. [PMID: 24196946 PMCID: PMC3957106 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the serotonin synthesis enzyme Tph2 have been identified in mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, major depression, autism, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Deficits in cognitive flexibility and perseverative behaviors are shared common symptoms in these disorders. However, little is known about the impact of Tph2 gene variants on cognition. Mice expressing a human TPH2 variant (Tph2-KI) were used to investigate cognitive consequences of TPH2 loss of function and pharmacological treatments. We applied a recently developed behavioral assay, the automated H-maze, to study cognitive functions in Tph2-KI mice. This assay involves the consecutive discovery of three different rules: a delayed alternation task, a non-alternation task, and a delayed reversal task. Possible contribution of locomotion, reward, and sensory perception were also investigated. The expression of loss-of-function mutant Tph2 in mice was associated with impairments in reversal learning and cognitive flexibility, accompanied by perseverative behaviors similar to those observed in human clinical studies. Pharmacological restoration of 5-HT synthesis with 5-hydroxytryptophan or treatment with the 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist CP809.101 reduced cognitive deficits in Tph2-KI mice and abolished perseveration. In contrast, treatment with the psychostimulant methylphenidate exacerbated cognitive deficits in mutant mice. Results from this study suggest a contribution of TPH2 in the regulation of cognition. Furthermore, identification of a role for a 5-HT(2) receptor agonist as a cognition-enhancing agent in mutant mice suggests a potential avenue to explore for the personalized treatment of cognitive symptoms in humans with reduced 5-HT synthesis and TPH2 polymorphisms.
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Del'Guidice T, Lemasson M, Etiévant A, Manta S, Magno LAV, Escoffier G, Roman FS, Beaulieu JM. Dissociations between cognitive and motor effects of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in hyperactive DAT-KO mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:109-22. [PMID: 23912772 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, which target the dopamine transporter (DAT), are the most frequently used drugs for the treatment of hyperactivity and cognitive deficits in humans with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While psychostimulants can increase activity in healthy subjects, they exert a "paradoxical" calming effect in humans with ADHD as well as in hyperactive mice lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT-KO mice). However, the mechanism of action of these drugs and their impact on cognition in the absence of DAT remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the effects of psychostimulants and noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs on cognition in DAT-KO mice and normal (WT) littermates. METHODS We used a recently developed behavioral apparatus, the automated H-maze. The H-maze involves the consecutive learning of three different rules: delayed alternation, nonalternation, and reversal tasks. RESULTS Treatment of WT animals with the psychostimulants replicated the behavior observed in untreated DAT-KO mice while "paradoxically" restoring cognitive performances in DAT-KO mice. Further investigation of the potential involvement of other monoamine systems in the regulation of cognitive functions showed that the norepinephrine transporter blocker atomoxetine restored cognitive performances in DAT-KO mice without affecting hyperactivity. In contrast, the nonselective serotonin receptor agonist 5CT, which antagonizes hyperactivity in DAT-KO mice, had no effect on cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data allow dissociation of the locomotor and cognitive effects of ADHD drugs and suggest that the combination of DAT-KO mice with the automated H-maze can constitute a powerful experimental paradigm for the preclinical development of therapeutic approaches for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Del'Guidice
- Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, QC, Canada
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