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Esaki S, Nakayama M, Arima S, Sato S. Use of Actigraphy for a Rat Behavioural Sleep Study. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:409-414. [PMID: 34449568 PMCID: PMC8395400 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of animal behavioural sleep is mainly divided into two study types, observation by video recording or counts by sensor, both of which require a complex environment and procedure. An actigraph unit is a commercially available product which can provide non-invasive monitoring human rest/activity cycles. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether actigraphy can be applied for analysing behavioural sleep in rats, since no reports have described utilization of the actigraphy unit for monitoring sleep of small animals. The actigraph unit was held on the chest of eight male rats by a loose elastic belt. The rats spent two days in a normal condition, followed by two days of sleep deprivation. Total counts measured by the actigraph could be clearly divided into two phases, sleep phase and awake phase, when the rats were kept in the normal cage. Next, the rats were moved into the sleep-deviation cage, and the total counts were significantly higher during daytime, indicating the successful induction of sleep deprivation. These results showed that the actigraphy unit monitored rest/activity cycles of rats, which will contribute to making sleep behaviour experiments easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Esaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.E.); (M.N.); (S.A.)
- Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya 467-8602, Japan
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8550, Japan
| | - Meiho Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.E.); (M.N.); (S.A.)
- Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya 467-8602, Japan
- Meiho Sleep & Balance Clinic, Nagoya 450-0002, Japan
| | - Sachie Arima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.E.); (M.N.); (S.A.)
- Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya 467-8602, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.E.); (M.N.); (S.A.)
- Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya 467-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-853-8256
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2
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Mucopolysaccharidosis. I: Demonstration of a Migration Defect in Neural Precursors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122593. [PMID: 33287330 PMCID: PMC7761689 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS1-H) is a severe genetic lysosomal storage disorder due to loss-of-function mutations in the IDUA gene. The subsequent complete deficiency of alpha l-iduronidase enzyme is directly responsible of a progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in lysosomes which affects the functions of many tissues. Consequently, MPS1 is characterized by systemic symptoms (multiorgan dysfunction) including respiratory and cardiac dysfunctions, skeletal abnormalities and early fatal neurodegeneration. Methods: To understand mechanisms underlying MPS1 neuropathology, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a MPS1-H patient with loss-of-function mutations in both IDUA alleles. To avoid variability due to different genetic background of iPSC, we established an isogenic control iPSC line by rescuing IDUA expression by a lentivectoral approach. Results: Marked differences between MPS1-H and IDUA-corrected isogenic controls were observed upon neural differentiation. A scratch assay revealed a strong migration defect of MPS1-H cells. Also, there was a massive impact of IDUA deficiency on gene expression (340 genes with an FDR <0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a hitherto unknown connection between lysosomal degradation, gene expression and neural motility, which might account at least in part for the phenotype of MPS1-H patients.
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3
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Hoffmann F, Hoffmann S, Kunzmann K, Ries M. Challenging behavior in mucopolysaccharidoses types I-III and day-to-day coping strategies: a cross sectional explorative study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:275. [PMID: 33008435 PMCID: PMC7532084 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging behavior represents a core symptom in neuropathological mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and puts major strain on affected families. Although multimodal approaches including behavioral strategies to treatment could be valuable, there is lack of research to the effectiveness of specific measures. This explorative, cross-sectional study is aimed at the collection of parental experiences regarding effective day-to-day measures against challenging behavior in MPS and focuses on 4 major research questions: First: What is challenging behavior in MPS? Second: Which strategies are helpful in the day-to-day coping with challenging behavior? Third: How strong is parental acceptance of illness and the disorder's impact on family relationships? Fourth: What are beneficial personal and interfamilial strategies for generally coping with the disorder? METHODS A semi structured questionnaire was designed de novo in cooperation with affected families. 37/268 questionnaires were returned (rate: 13.8%), of which 34 (MPS I: n = 8, MPS II: n = 8; MPS III: n = 18) could be included in data analysis in accordance with inclusion criteria. Assessment of challenging symptoms was based on perceived frequency, parent- and child stress. Exploration of possible coping strategies for challenging behavior and general illness-related strain included the evaluation of perceived effectiveness. Questionnaires were completed by patient's relatives and analyzed for strategies to cope with challenging behavior and the disorder's impact. STROBE criteria were respected. RESULTS MPS I was reported to show lower frequency and better perceived manageability of challenging behavior than MPS II and -III. Sleep disturbance, hyperactivity, agitation, aggression and orality seemed relevant symptoms regarding frequency and/or parent stress. Reported measures were manifold, worthwhile approaches against challenging behavior appeared to be aiming at distraction, relief and environmental changes. Medication and non-medication approaches were rated similarly effective. Social exchange, private space and networking with other affected families seemed highly important for personal and interfamilial well-being. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal mentoring for affected families could be based on the following equivalent pillars: (1) Medication therapy for challenging behavior including evaluation of cost and benefit (2) Guided implementation and re-evaluation of specific behavioral measures against challenging behavior. (3) Psychosocial support of MPS-families, including options for strengthening parental well-being and family functioning. Trial registration This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to study start (NCT-Number: NCT03161171, Date: 2017/05/19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Hoffmann
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, St. Annastift-Hospital Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Karolina-Burger-Straße 5, 67065 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Rare Diseases, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Susanne Hoffmann
- Center for Psychiatry, PZN Wiesloch, Heidelberger Straße 1a, Wiesloch, 69168 Germany
| | - Kevin Kunzmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 347, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Markus Ries
- Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Rare Diseases, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
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4
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Parker H, Ellison SM, Holley RJ, O'Leary C, Liao A, Asadi J, Glover E, Ghosh A, Jones S, Wilkinson FL, Brough D, Pinteaux E, Boutin H, Bigger BW. Haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with IL-1Ra rescues cognitive loss in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11185. [PMID: 32057196 PMCID: PMC7059006 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA is a neuronopathic lysosomal storage disease, characterised by heparan sulphate and other substrates accumulating in the brain. Patients develop behavioural disturbances and cognitive decline, a possible consequence of neuroinflammation and abnormal substrate accumulation. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) expression were significantly increased in both murine models and human MPSIII patients. We identified pathogenic mechanisms of inflammasome activation, including that disease‐specific 2‐O‐sulphated heparan sulphate was essential for priming an IL‐1β response via the Toll‐like receptor 4 complex. However, mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA primary and secondary storage substrates, such as amyloid beta, were both required to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate IL‐1β secretion. IL‐1 blockade in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice using IL‐1 receptor type 1 knockout or haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy over‐expressing IL‐1Ra reduced gliosis and completely prevented behavioural phenotypes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that IL‐1 drives neuroinflammation, behavioural abnormality and cognitive decline in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA, highlighting haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy treatment with IL‐1Ra as a potential neuronopathic lysosomal disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Ellison
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiyin Liao
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jalal Asadi
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily Glover
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arunabha Ghosh
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Tordo J, O'Leary C, Antunes ASLM, Palomar N, Aldrin-Kirk P, Basche M, Bennett A, D'Souza Z, Gleitz H, Godwin A, Holley RJ, Parker H, Liao AY, Rouse P, Youshani AS, Dridi L, Martins C, Levade T, Stacey KB, Davis DM, Dyer A, Clément N, Björklund T, Ali RR, Agbandje-McKenna M, Rahim AA, Pshezhetsky A, Waddington SN, Linden RM, Bigger BW, Henckaerts E. A novel adeno-associated virus capsid with enhanced neurotropism corrects a lysosomal transmembrane enzyme deficiency. Brain 2019; 141:2014-2031. [PMID: 29788236 PMCID: PMC6037107 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are popular in vivo gene transfer vehicles. However, vector doses needed to achieve therapeutic effect are high and some target tissues in the central nervous system remain difficult to transduce. Gene therapy trials using AAV for the treatment of neurological disorders have seldom led to demonstrated clinical efficacy. Important contributing factors are low transduction rates and inefficient distribution of the vector. To overcome these hurdles, a variety of capsid engineering methods have been utilized to generate capsids with improved transduction properties. Here we describe an alternative approach to capsid engineering, which draws on the natural evolution of the virus and aims to yield capsids that are better suited to infect human tissues. We generated an AAV capsid to include amino acids that are conserved among natural AAV2 isolates and tested its biodistribution properties in mice and rats. Intriguingly, this novel variant, AAV-TT, demonstrates strong neurotropism in rodents and displays significantly improved distribution throughout the central nervous system as compared to AAV2. Additionally, sub-retinal injections in mice revealed markedly enhanced transduction of photoreceptor cells when compared to AAV2. Importantly, AAV-TT exceeds the distribution abilities of benchmark neurotropic serotypes AAV9 and AAVrh10 in the central nervous system of mice, and is the only virus, when administered at low dose, that is able to correct the neurological phenotype in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC, a transmembrane enzyme lysosomal storage disease, which requires delivery to every cell for biochemical correction. These data represent unprecedented correction of a lysosomal transmembrane enzyme deficiency in mice and suggest that AAV-TT-based gene therapies may be suitable for treatment of human neurological diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC, which is characterized by global neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tordo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - André S L M Antunes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nuria Palomar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Aldrin-Kirk
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark Basche
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zelpha D'Souza
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hélène Gleitz
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Annie Godwin
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ai Yin Liao
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Rouse
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir Saam Youshani
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Larbi Dridi
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carla Martins
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, and Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin B Stacey
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Dyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Clément
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tomas Björklund
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin R Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Michael Linden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Els Henckaerts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal multisystemic, chronic, and progressive diseases characterized by the storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that may affect the central nervous system. Neuronopathic MPS such as MPS IH, MPS II, MPS IIIA–D, and MPS VII are characterized by neurocognitive regression. In severe MPS I (MPS IH, or Hurler syndrome) initial developmental trajectory is usually unremarkable but cognitive development shows a plateau by 2 to 4 years of age and then progressively regresses with aging. Patients with neuronopathic MPS II have a plateau of cognitive and adaptive development on average by 4 to 4.5 years of age, although there is significant variability, followed by progressive neurocognitive decline. In patients with classic MPS III, developmental trajectory reaches a plateau around 3 years of age, followed by regression. Sleep disturbances and behavioral problems occur early in MPS II and III with features of externalizing disorders. Acquired autism-like behavior is often observed in children with MPS III after 4–6 years of age. Impaired social and communication abilities do occur, but MPS III children do not have restricted and repetitive interests such as in autism spectrum disorder. MPS type VII is an ultra-rare neuronopathic MPS with a wide clinical spectrum from very severe with early mortality to milder phenotypes with longer survival into adolescence and adulthood. Most patients with MPS VII have intellectual disability and severely delayed speech development, usually associated with hearing impairment. Cognitive regression in neuronopathic MPS runs parallel to a significant decrease in brain tissue volume. Assessment of the developmental profile is challenging because of low cognitive abilities, physical impairment, and behavioral disturbances. Early diagnosis is crucial as different promising treatment approaches have been extensively studied in animal MPS models and are currently being applied in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Barone
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy. .,Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Policlinico, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pellico
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annarita Pittalà
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per le malattie metaboliche congenite, Policlinico, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- UOS Malattie Metaboliche Rare, Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione MBBM, ATS Monza, Monza, Italy
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7
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Dosier LBM, Vaughn BV, Fan Z. Sleep Disorders in Childhood Neurogenetic Disorders. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4090082. [PMID: 28895939 PMCID: PMC5615272 DOI: 10.3390/children4090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
enetic advances in the past three decades have transformed our understanding and treatment of many human diseases including neurogenetic disorders. Most neurogenetic disorders can be classified as "rare disease," but collectively neurogenetic disorders are not rare and are commonly encountered in general pediatric practice. The authors decided to select eight relatively well-known neurogenetic disorders including Down syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharidoses, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Each disorder is presented in the following format: overview, clinical characteristics, developmental aspects, associated sleep disorders, management and research/future directions.
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Key Words
- Neurogenetic, Sleep, Neurodevelopmental, Angelman, Down syndrome, Trisomy 21, Smith–Magenis, Muchopolysaccharidosis, Achondroplasia, Duchenne, Congenital Central Hypoventilation
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Mann Dosier
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Bradley V Vaughn
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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8
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Salvalaio M, D'Avanzo F, Rigon L, Zanetti A, D'Angelo M, Valle G, Scarpa M, Tomanin R. Brain RNA-Seq Profiling of the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051072. [PMID: 28513549 PMCID: PMC5454982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of about 50 genetic metabolic disorders, mainly affecting children, sharing the inability to degrade specific endolysosomal substrates. This results in failure of cellular functions in many organs, including brain that in most patients may go through progressive neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the brain of the mouse model for Hunter syndrome, a LSD mostly presenting with neurological involvement. Whole transcriptome analysis of the cerebral cortex and midbrain/diencephalon/hippocampus areas was performed through RNA-seq. Genes known to be involved in several neurological functions showed a significant differential expression in the animal model for the disease compared to wild type. Among the pathways altered in both areas, axon guidance, calcium homeostasis, synapse and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, circadian rhythm, neuroinflammation and Wnt signaling were the most significant. Application of RNA sequencing to dissect pathogenic alterations of complex syndromes allows to photograph perturbations, both determining and determined by these disorders, which could simultaneously occur in several metabolic and biochemical pathways. Results also emphasize the common, altered pathways between neurodegenerative disorders affecting elderly and those associated with pediatric diseases of genetic origin, perhaps pointing out a general common course for neurodegeneration, independent from the primary triggering cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Salvalaio
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Avanzo
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Laura Rigon
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zanetti
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michela D'Angelo
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
- Brains for Brain Foundation, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
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9
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Gleitz HFE, O’Leary C, Holley RJ, Bigger BW. Identification of age-dependent motor and neuropsychological behavioural abnormalities in a mouse model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172435. [PMID: 28207863 PMCID: PMC5313159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a progressive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the IDS gene, leading to a deficiency in the iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme that is involved in heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate catabolism. In constitutive form, MPS II is a multi-system disease characterised by progressive neurocognitive decline, severe skeletal abnormalities and hepatosplenomegaly. Although enzyme replacement therapy has been approved for treatment of peripheral organs, no therapy effectively treats the cognitive symptoms of the disease and novel therapies are in development to remediate this. Therapeutic efficacy and subsequent validation can be assessed using a variety of outcome measures that are translatable to clinical practice, such as behavioural measures. We sought to consolidate current knowledge of the cognitive, skeletal and motor abnormalities present in the MPS II mouse model by performing time course behavioural examinations of working memory, anxiety, activity levels, sociability and coordination and balance, up to 8 months of age. Cognitive decline associated with alterations in spatial working memory is detectable at 8 months of age in MPS II mice using spontaneous alternation, together with an altered response to novel environments and anxiolytic behaviour in the open-field. Coordination and balance on the accelerating rotarod were also significantly worse at 8 months, and may be associated with skeletal changes seen in MPS II mice. We demonstrate that the progressive nature of MPS II disease is also seen in the mouse model, and that cognitive and motor differences are detectable at 8 months of age using spontaneous alternation, the accelerating rotarod and the open-field tests. This study establishes neurological, motor and skeletal measures for use in pre-clinical studies to develop therapeutic approaches in MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène F. E. Gleitz
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire O’Leary
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Holley
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Circadian profiling in two mouse models of lysosomal storage disorders; Niemann Pick type-C and Sandhoff disease. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:213-23. [PMID: 26467605 PMCID: PMC4678117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption is frequently associated with neurodegenerative disease, yet it is unclear how the specific pathology in these disorders leads to abnormal rest/activity profiles. To investigate whether the pathological features of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) influence the core molecular clock or the circadian behavioural abnormalities reported in some patients, we examined mouse models of Niemann-Pick Type-C (Npc1 mutant, Npc1(nih)) and Sandhoff (Hexb knockout, Hexb(-/-)) disease using wheel-running activity measurement, neuropathology and clock gene expression analysis. Both mutants exhibited regular, entrained rest/activity patterns under light:dark (LD) conditions despite the onset of their respective neurodegenerative phenotypes. A slightly shortened free-running period and changes in Per1 gene expression were observed in Hexb(-/-) mice under constant dark conditions (DD); however, no overt neuropathology was detected in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Conversely, despite extensive cholesterol accumulation in the SCN of Npc1(nih) mutants, no circadian disruption was observed under constant conditions. Our results indicate the accumulation of specific metabolites in LSDs may differentially contribute to circadian deregulation at the molecular and behavioural level.
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Mumford RA, Mahon LV, Jones S, Bigger B, Canal M, Hare DJ. Actigraphic investigation of circadian rhythm functioning and activity levels in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome). J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:31. [PMID: 26388955 PMCID: PMC4574189 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is part of the behavioural phenotype of the rare genetic condition mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III. A growing body of evidence suggests that underlying disturbance in circadian rhythm functioning may explain sleep problems within the MPS III population. METHODS Actigraphic data were recorded in eight children with MPS III over 7-10 days and compared to age-matched typically developing controls. Parameters of circadian rhythmicity and activity levels across a 24-h period were analysed. RESULTS Statistically and clinically significant differences between the two groups were noted. Analysis indicated that children with MPS III showed significantly increased fragmentation of circadian rhythm and reduced stability with external cues (zeitgebers), compared to controls. Average times of activity onset and offset were indicative of a phase delayed sleep-wake cycle for some children in the MPS III group. Children with MPS III had significantly higher activity levels during the early morning hours (midnight-6 am) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with previous research into MPS III and suggest that there is an impairment in circadian rhythm functioning in children with this condition. Implications for clinical practice and the management of sleep difficulties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Mumford
- />Psychological Services, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise V. Mahon
- />Manchester Mental Health & Social Care NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- />Genetic Medicine Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Bigger
- />Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Canal
- />Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ribera A, Haurigot V, Garcia M, Marcó S, Motas S, Villacampa P, Maggioni L, León X, Molas M, Sánchez V, Muñoz S, Leborgne C, Moll X, Pumarola M, Mingozzi F, Ruberte J, Añor S, Bosch F. Biochemical, histological and functional correction of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB by intra-cerebrospinal fluid gene therapy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2078-95. [PMID: 25524704 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an attractive tool for the treatment of monogenic disorders, in particular for lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) caused by deficiencies in secretable lysosomal enzymes in which neither full restoration of normal enzymatic activity nor transduction of all affected cells are necessary. However, some LSD such as Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB (MPSIIIB) are challenging because the disease's main target organ is the brain and enzymes do not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier even if present at very high concentration in circulation. To overcome these limitations, we delivered AAV9 vectors encoding for α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) to the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of MPSIIIB mice with the disease already detectable at biochemical, histological and functional level. Restoration of enzymatic activity in Central Nervous System (CNS) resulted in normalization of glycosaminoglycan content and lysosomal physiology, resolved neuroinflammation and restored the pattern of gene expression in brain similar to that of healthy animals. Additionally, transduction of the liver due to passage of vectors to the circulation led to whole-body disease correction. Treated animals also showed reversal of behavioural deficits and extended lifespan. Importantly, when the levels of enzymatic activity were monitored in the CSF of dogs following administration of canine NAGLU-coding vectors to animals that were either naïve or had pre-existing immunity against AAV9, similar levels of activity were achieved, suggesting that CNS efficacy would not be compromised in patients seropositive for AAV9. Our studies provide a strong rationale for the clinical development of this novel therapeutic approach as the treatment for MPSIIIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ribera
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Virginia Haurigot
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Miguel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Sara Marcó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Sandra Motas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Luca Maggioni
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Xavier León
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Maria Molas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Víctor Sánchez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Xavier Moll
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery and
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery and
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France and University Pierre and Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jesús Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sònia Añor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery and
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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Mahon LV, Lomax M, Grant S, Cross E, Hare DJ, Wraith JE, Jones S, Bigger B, Langford-Smith K, Canal M. Assessment of sleep in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84128. [PMID: 24504123 PMCID: PMC3913580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in mucopolysaccharidosis Type III (MPS III), yet there is a lack of objective, ecologically valid evidence detailing sleep quantity, quality or circadian system. Eight children with MPS III and eight age-matched typically developing children wore an actigraph for 7–10 days/nights. Saliva samples were collected at three time-points on two separate days, to permit analysis of endogenous melatonin levels. Parents completed a sleep questionnaire and a daily sleep diary. Actigraphic data revealed that children with MPS III had significantly longer sleep onset latencies and greater daytime sleep compared to controls, but night-time sleep duration did not differ between groups. In the MPS III group, sleep efficiency declined, and sleep onset latency increased, with age. Questionnaire responses showed that MPS III patients had significantly more sleep difficulties in all domains compared to controls. Melatonin concentrations showed an alteration in the circadian system in MPS III, which suggests that treatment for sleep problems should attempt to synchronise the sleep-wake cycle to a more regular pattern. Actigraphy was tolerated by children and this monitoring device can be recommended as a measure of treatment success in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Victoria Mahon
- Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Lomax
- Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Grant
- Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Cross
- Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dougal Julian Hare
- Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Ed Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Jones
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Bigger
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kia Langford-Smith
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Canal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Myeloid/Microglial driven autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy corrects a neuronopathic lysosomal disease. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1938-49. [PMID: 23748415 PMCID: PMC3808137 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPSIIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH), resulting in heparan sulfate (HS) accumulation and progressive neurodegeneration. There are no treatments. We previously demonstrated improved neuropathology in MPSIIIA mice using lentiviral vectors (LVs) overexpressing SGSH in wild-type (WT) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants (HSCTs), achieved via donor monocyte/microglial engraftment in the brain. However, neurological disease was not corrected using LVs in autologous MPSIIIA HSCTs. To improve brain expression via monocyte/microglial specificity, LVs expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under ubiquitous phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) or myeloid-specific promoters were compared in transplanted HSCs. LV-CD11b-GFP gave significantly higher monocyte/B-cell eGFP expression than LV-PGK-GFP or LV-CD18-GFP after 6 months. Subsequently, autologous MPSIIIA HSCs were transduced with either LV-PGK-coSGSH or LV-CD11b-coSGSH vectors expressing codon-optimized SGSH and transplanted into MPSIIIA mice. Eight months after HSCT, LV-PGK-coSGSH vectors produced bone marrow SGSH (576% normal activity) similar to LV-CD11b-coSGSH (473%), but LV-CD11b-coSGSH had significantly higher brain expression (11 versus 7%), demonstrating improved brain specificity. LV-CD11b-coSGSH normalized MPSIIIA behavior, brain HS, GM2 ganglioside, and neuroinflammation to WT levels, whereas LV-PGK-coSGSH partly corrected neuropathology but not behavior. We demonstrate compelling evidence of neurological disease correction using autologous myeloid driven lentiviral-HSC gene therapy in MPSIIIA mice.
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15
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Busulfan conditioning enhances engraftment of hematopoietic donor-derived cells in the brain compared with irradiation. Mol Ther 2013; 21:868-76. [PMID: 23423338 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for neurological disorders relies on transmigration of donor-derived monocytes to the brain, where they can engraft as microglia and deliver therapeutic proteins. Many mouse studies use whole-body irradiation to investigate brain transmigration pathways, but chemotherapy is generally used clinically. The current evidence for transmigration to the brain after chemotherapy is conflicting. We compared hematopoietic donor cell brain engraftment after bone marrow (BM) transplants in busulfan- or irradiation-conditioned mice. Significantly more donor-derived microglial cells engrafted posttransplant in busulfan-conditioned brain compared with the irradiated, in both the short and long term. Although total Iba-1(+) microglial content was increased in irradiated brain in the short term, it was similar between groups over long-term engraftment. MCP-1, a key regulator of monocyte transmigration, showed long-term elevation in busulfan-conditioned brain, whereas irradiated brains showed long-term elevation of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin 1α (IL-1α), with increased in situ proliferation of resident microglia, and significant increases in the relative number of amoeboid activated microglia in the brain. This has implications for the choice of conditioning regimen to promote hematopoietic cell brain engraftment and the relevance of irradiation in mouse models of transplantation.
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Hematopoietic stem cell and gene therapy corrects primary neuropathology and behavior in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1610-21. [PMID: 22547151 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA or Sanfilippo disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme sulfamidase (SGSH), catabolizing heparan sulfate (HS). Affected children present with severe behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbances, and progressive neurodegeneration, leading to death in their second decade. MPS I, a similar neurodegenerative disease accumulating HS, is treated successfully with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) but this treatment is ineffectual for MPS IIIA. We compared HSCT in MPS IIIA mice using wild-type donor cells transduced ex vivo with lentiviral vector-expressing SGSH (LV-WT-HSCT) versus wild-type donor cell transplant (WT-HSCT) or lentiviral-SGSH transduced MPS IIIA cells (LV-IIIA-HSCT). LV-WT-HSCT results in 10% of normal brain enzyme activity, near normalization of brain HS and GM2 gangliosides, significant improvements in neuroinflammation and behavioral correction. Both WT-HSCT and LV-IIIA-HSCT mediated improvements in GM2 gangliosides and neuroinflammation but were less effective at reducing HS or in ameliorating abnormal HS sulfation and had no significant effect on behavior. This suggests that HS may have a more significant role in neuropathology than neuroinflammation or GM2 gangliosides. These data provide compelling evidence for the efficacy of gene therapy in conjunction with WT-HSCT for neurological correction of MPS IIIA where conventional transplant is ineffectual.
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17
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Wilkinson FL, Holley RJ, Langford-Smith KJ, Badrinath S, Liao A, Langford-Smith A, Cooper JD, Jones SA, Wraith JE, Wynn RF, Merry CLR, Bigger BW. Neuropathology in mouse models of mucopolysaccharidosis type I, IIIA and IIIB. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35787. [PMID: 22558223 PMCID: PMC3338781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharide diseases (MPS) are caused by deficiency of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degrading enzymes, leading to GAG accumulation. Neurodegenerative MPS diseases exhibit cognitive decline, behavioural problems and shortened lifespan. We have characterised neuropathological changes in mouse models of MPSI, IIIA and IIIB to provide a better understanding of these events. Wild-type (WT), MPSI, IIIA and IIIB mouse brains were analysed at 4 and 9 months of age. Quantitative immunohistochemistry showed significantly increased lysosomal compartment, GM2 ganglioside storage, neuroinflammation, decreased and mislocalised synaptic vesicle associated membrane protein, (VAMP2), and decreased post-synaptic protein, Homer-1, in layers II/III-VI of the primary motor, somatosensory and parietal cortex. Total heparan sulphate (HS), was significantly elevated, and abnormally N-, 6-O and 2-O sulphated compared to WT, potentially altering HS-dependent cellular functions. Neuroinflammation was confirmed by significantly increased MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-1α, using cytometric bead arrays. An overall genotype effect was seen in all parameters tested except for synaptophysin staining, neuronal cell number and cortical thickness which were not significantly different from WT. MPSIIIA and IIIB showed significantly more pronounced pathology than MPSI in lysosomal storage, astrocytosis, microgliosis and the percentage of 2-O sulphation of HS. We also observed significant time progression of all genotypes from 4–9 months in lysosomal storage, astrocytosis, microgliosis and synaptic disorganisation but not GM2 gangliosidosis. Individual genotype*time differences were disparate, with significant progression from 4 to 9 months only seen for MPSIIIB with lysosomal storage, MPSI with astrocytocis and MPSIIIA with microgliosis as well as neuronal loss. Transmission electron microscopy of MPS brains revealed dystrophic axons, axonal storage, and extensive lipid and lysosomal storage. These data lend novel insight to MPS neuropathology, suggesting that MPSIIIA and IIIB have more pronounced neuropathology than MPSI, yet all are still progressive, at least in some aspects of neuropathology, from 4–9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Wilkinson
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Holley
- Stem Cell Glycobiology, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kia J. Langford-Smith
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Badrinath
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aiyin Liao
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, and Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Ed Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rob F. Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. R. Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ohmi K, Zhao HZ, Neufeld EF. Defects in the medial entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus in the mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27461. [PMID: 22096577 PMCID: PMC3212581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome type B (MPS IIIB) is characterized by profound mental retardation in childhood, dementia and death in late adolescence; it is caused by deficiency of α-N-acetylglucosaminidase and resulting lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate. A mouse model, generated by homologous recombination of the Naglu gene, was used to study pathological changes in the brain. We found earlier that neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the dentate gyrus showed a number of secondary defects, including the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau (Ptau) detected with antibodies raised against Ptau in Alzheimer disease brain. By further use of immunohistochemistry, we now show staining in neurons of the same area for beta amyloid, extending the resemblance to Alzheimer disease. Ptau inclusions in the dentate gyrus of MPS IIIB mice were reduced in number when the mice were administered LiCl, a specific inhibitor of Gsk3β. Additional proteins found elevated in MEC include proteins involved in autophagy and the heparan sulfate proteoglycans, glypicans 1 and 5, the latter closely related to the primary defect. The level of secondary accumulations was associated with elevation of glypican, as seen by comparing brains of mice at different ages or with different mucopolysaccharide storage diseases. The MEC of an MPS IIIA mouse had the same intense immunostaining for glypican 1 and other markers as MPS IIIB, while MEC of MPS I and MPS II mice had weak staining, and MEC of an MPS VI mouse had no staining at all for the same proteins. A considerable amount of glypican was found in MEC of MPS IIIB mice outside of lysosomes. We propose that it is the extralysosomal glypican that would be harmful to neurons, because its heparan sulfate branches could potentiate the formation of Ptau and beta amyloid aggregates, which would be toxic as well as difficult to degrade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ohmi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hui-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth F. Neufeld
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Female mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA mice exhibit hyperactivity and a reduced sense of danger in the open field test. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25717. [PMID: 22028789 PMCID: PMC3196509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable behavioural tests in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases allow us to study the natural history of disease and evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies. Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA or Sanfilippo A), is a severe, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the heparan sulphate catabolising enzyme, sulfamidase. Undegraded heparan sulphate accumulates, resulting in lysosomal enlargement and cellular dysfunction. Patients suffer a progressive loss of motor and cognitive function with severe behavioural manifestations and premature death. There is currently no treatment. A spontaneously occurring mouse model of the disease has been described, that has approximately 3% of normal enzyme activity levels. Behavioural phenotyping of the MPS IIIA mouse has been previously reported, but the results are conflicting and variable, even after full backcrossing to the C57BL/6 background. Therefore we have independently backcrossed the MPS IIIA model onto the C57BL/6J background and evaluated the behaviour of male and female MPS IIIA mice at 4, 6 and 8 months of age using the open field test, elevated plus maze, inverted screen and horizontal bar crossing at the same circadian time point. Using a 60 minute open field, we have demonstrated that female MPS IIIA mice are hyperactive, have a longer path length, display rapid exploratory behaviour and spend less time immobile than WT mice. Female MPS IIIA mice also display a reduced sense of danger and spend more time in the centre of the open field. There were no significant differences found between male WT and MPS IIIA mice and no differences in neuromuscular strength were seen with either sex. The altered natural history of behaviour that we observe in the MPS IIIA mouse will allow more accurate evaluation of novel therapeutics for MPS IIIA and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Langford-Smith A, Malinowska M, Langford-Smith KJ, Wegrzyn G, Jones S, Wynn R, Wraith JE, Wilkinson FL, Bigger BW. Hyperactive behaviour in the mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB in the open field and home cage environments. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:673-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited, metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Loss of enzyme activity results in cellular accumulation of GAG fragments leading to the progressive multi-system manifestations. MPS are classified into seven clinical types based on eleven known lysosomal enzyme deficiencies of GAG metabolism. Respiratory involvement is seen in most MPS types with recurrent respiratory infections, upper and lower airway obstruction, tracheomalacia, restrictive lung disease, and sleep disturbances. Patients with airway obstruction are at high risk for anaesthetic complications. In this review, we present the respiratory manifestations in various MPS types and stages, evaluation of respiratory involvement, and treatment options for the progressive respiratory failure that occurs in MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Langford-Smith KJ, Mercer J, Petty J, Tylee K, Church H, Roberts J, Moss G, Jones S, Wynn R, Wraith JE, Bigger BW. Heparin cofactor II-thrombin complex and dermatan sulphate:chondroitin sulphate ratio are biomarkers of short- and long-term treatment effects in mucopolysaccharide diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:499-508. [PMID: 21170681 PMCID: PMC3063559 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an important factor in treatment success; therefore, good disease biomarkers are vital. We evaluate heparin cofactor II-thrombin complex (HCII-T) as a biomarker in serum and dried blood spots (DBS) of MPS patients. Serum HCII-T and urine dermatan sulphate:chondroitin sulphate (DS:CS) ratio are also compared longitudinally against clinical outcomes in MPSI, II and VI patients following treatment. Samples were collected from MPS patients at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital. DS:CS ratio was obtained by measuring the area density of spots from 2D electrophoresis of urinary glycosaminoglycans. Serum and DBS HCII-T was measured by sandwich ELISA. Serum HCII-T is elevated approximately 25-fold in MPS diseases that store DS, clearly distinguishing untreated MPSI, II and VI patients from unaffected age-matched controls. Serum HCII-T is also elevated in MPSIII, which leads to storage of heparan sulphate, with an increase of approximately 4-fold over unaffected age-matched controls. Urine DS:CS ratio and serum HCII-T decrease in response to treatment of MPSI, II and VI patients. HCII-T appears to respond rapidly to perturbations in treatment, whilst DS:CS ratio responds more slowly. HCII-T is a suitable biomarker for MPSI, II and VI, and it may also be informative for MPS diseases storing HS alone, such as MPSIII, although the elevation observed is smaller. In treated MPS patients, HCII-T and DS:CS ratio appear to measure short-term and long-term treatment outcomes, respectively. The potential value of HCII-T measurement in DBS for newborn screening of MPS diseases warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Jane Langford-Smith
- MPS Stem Cell Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.721 Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Jean Mercer
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - June Petty
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Tylee
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jane Roberts
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Gill Moss
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Rob Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Ed Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- MPS Stem Cell Research Group, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.721 Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
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Malinowska M, Wilkinson FL, Langford-Smith KJ, Langford-Smith A, Brown JR, Crawford BE, Vanier MT, Grynkiewicz G, Wynn RF, Wraith JE, Wegrzyn G, Bigger BW. Genistein improves neuropathology and corrects behaviour in a mouse model of neurodegenerative metabolic disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14192. [PMID: 21152017 PMCID: PMC2995736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative metabolic disorders such as mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPSIIIB or Sanfilippo disease) accumulate undegraded substrates in the brain and are often unresponsive to enzyme replacement treatments due to the impermeability of the blood brain barrier to enzyme. MPSIIIB is characterised by behavioural difficulties, cognitive and later motor decline, with death in the second decade of life. Most of these neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases lack effective treatments. We recently described significant reductions of accumulated heparan sulphate substrate in liver of a mouse model of MPSIIIB using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Methodology/Principal Findings We report here that high doses of genistein aglycone, given continuously over a 9 month period to MPSIIIB mice, significantly reduce lysosomal storage, heparan sulphate substrate and neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, resulting in correction of the behavioural defects observed. Improvements in synaptic vesicle protein expression and secondary storage in the cerebral cortex were also observed. Conclusions/Significance Genistein may prove useful as a substrate reduction agent to delay clinical onset of MPSIIIB and, due to its multimodal action, may provide a treatment adjunct for several other neurodegenerative metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Malinowska
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Stem Cell Research Group, Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Fiona L. Wilkinson
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Stem Cell Research Group, Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kia J. Langford-Smith
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Stem Cell Research Group, Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Stem Cell Research Group, Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian R. Brown
- Zacharon Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Crawford
- Zacharon Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Vanier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 820, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rob F. Wynn
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Ed Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Wegrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Stem Cell Research Group, Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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