1
|
Ampuero E, Luarte A, Flores FS, Soto AI, Pino C, Silva V, Erlandsen M, Concha T, Wyneken U. The multifaceted effects of fluoxetine treatment on cognitive functions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412420. [PMID: 39081952 PMCID: PMC11286485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine, the prototypical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is widely used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and a variety of other central nervous system conditions, primarily due to its established clinical safety profile. Although its efficacy in treating depression is well-recognized, the impact of fluoxetine on cognitive functions remains inconsistent and elusive. In this review, we first examine the well-substantiated biological mechanisms underlying fluoxetine's antidepressant effects, which include serotonin reuptake inhibition and activation of TrkB receptors-key to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Subsequently, we delve into the cognitive side effects observed in both preclinical and clinical studies, affecting domains such as memory, attention, and executive functions. While certain studies indicate cognitive improvements in patients with underlying disorders, there is also evidence of negative effects, influenced by variables like gender, duration of treatment, age, disease pathology, and the specifics of cognitive testing. Significantly, the negative cognitive outcomes reported in preclinical research often involve healthy, non-diseased animals. This review underscores the necessity for heightened caution in fluoxetine prescription and further investigation into its potentially detrimental cognitive effects, even when used prophylactically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Ampuero
- Laboratorio Neurofarmacología del Comportamiento, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Sofia Flores
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Ignacia Soto
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Pino
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana Silva
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Erlandsen
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresita Concha
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Laboratorio Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parra A, Rama E, Vinader-Caerols C, Monleón S. Inhibitory avoidance in CD1 mice: sex matters, as does the supplier. Behav Processes 2013; 100:36-9. [PMID: 23892049 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to study possible differences in the learning of inhibitory avoidance (also called passive avoidance) in male and female CD1 mice acquired from three different suppliers, for which a one-trial step-through version of the paradigm was employed. Ninety-six mice from Charles River (France), Janvier (France) and Harlan (The Netherlands) laboratories were divided by sex and assigned to group C, J or H, respectively (n=16). The animals were tested in the training phase (foot-shock: 0.3mA, 5s) and again for avoidance (no foot-shock delivered) one week later. Inhibitory avoidance learning (test latencies significantly higher than training latencies) was observed in every one of the six groups of animals. The variable Supplier was statistically significant, showing better to worse avoidance in C, J and H mice (in that order). A post hoc analysis showed differences between groups C and H. Females tended to exhibit avoidance learning to a greater extent than males. Our results suggest that inhibitory avoidance learning in CD1 mice varies depending on the breeding facilities from which they originate, and that females should be included in inhibitory avoidance studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Parra
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|