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Yu Q, Wang Y, Gu L, Shao W, Gu J, Liu L, Lian X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Ma H, Shen Y, Ye W, Wu Y, Yang H, Chen L, Nagayasu K, Zhang H. Dorsal raphe nucleus to basolateral amygdala 5-HTergic neural circuit modulates restoration of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116937. [PMID: 38870632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of general anesthesia (GA) has significant implications for clinical practice. However, the exact mechanisms underlying GA-induced transitions in consciousness remain elusive. Given some similarities between GA and sleep, the sleep-arousal neural nuclei and circuits involved in sleep-arousal, including the 5-HTergic system, could be implicated in GA. Herein, we utilized pharmacology, optogenetics, chemogenetics, fiber photometry, and retrograde tracing to demonstrate that both endogenous and exogenous activation of the 5-HTergic neural circuit between the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) promotes arousal and facilitates recovery of consciousness from sevoflurane anesthesia. Notably, the 5-HT1A receptor within this pathway holds a pivotal role. Our findings will be conducive to substantially expanding our comprehension of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sevoflurane anesthesia and provide a potential target for modulating consciousness, ultimately leading to a reduction in anesthetic dose requirements and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - YuLing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - LeYuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - WeiHui Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - JiaXuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - XiTing Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - YuanLi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - ZhuoYue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - YaXuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - HaiXiang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - YanHui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - HuiFang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - LiHai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501, Japan
| | - HongHai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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2
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Wang H, Gu Y, Khalid R, Chen X, Han T. Herbal medicines for insomnia through regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors: a systematic review. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:483-498. [PMID: 37517817 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder without effective therapy and can affect a person's life. The mechanism of the disease is not completely understood. Hence, there is a need to understand the targets related to insomnia, in order to develop innovative therapies and new compounds. Recently, increasing interest has been focused on complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia. Research into their molecular components has revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on the interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In this review, the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in insomnia development is summarized, while a systematic analysis of studies is conducted to assess the mechanisms of herbal medicines on different 5-HT receptors subtypes, in order to provide reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Rahman Khalid
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
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3
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Gu L, Yu Q, Shen Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Zhang H. The role of monoaminergic neurons in modulating respiration during sleep and the connection with SUDEP. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112983. [PMID: 35453009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death among epilepsy patients, occurring even more frequently in cases with anti-epileptic drug resistance. Despite some advancements in characterizing SUDEP, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of SUDEP, in order to identify possible targets for the development of new strategies to prevent SUDEP. Based on our previous research along with the current literature, we focus on the role of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its related neural mechanisms to consider the possible roles of monoaminergic neurons in the modulation of respiration during sleep and the occurrence of SUDEP. Overall, this review suggests that targeting the monoaminergic neurons is a promising approach to preventing SUDEP. The proposed roles of SDB and related monoaminergic neural mechanisms in SUDEP provide new insights for explaining the pathogenesis of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeYuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - YuLing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - HongHai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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4
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Vaseghi S, Arjmandi-Rad S, Eskandari M, Ebrahimnejad M, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Modulating role of serotonergic signaling in sleep and memory. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:1-26. [PMID: 34743316 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter with various receptors and wide-range effects on physiological processes and cognitive functions including sleep, learning, and memory. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the role of serotonergic receptors in modulating sleep-wake cycle, and learning and memory function. Furthermore, we mentioned to sleep deprivation, its effects on memory function, and the potential interaction with serotonin. Although there are thousands of research articles focusing on the relationship between sleep and serotonin; however, the pattern of serotonergic function in sleep deprivation is inconsistent and it seems that serotonin has not a certain role in the effects of sleep deprivation on memory function. Also, we found that the injection type of serotonergic agents (systemic or local), the doses of these drugs (dose-dependent effects), and up- or down-regulation of serotonergic receptors during training with various memory tasks are important issues that can be involved in the effects of serotonergic signaling on sleep-wake cycle, memory function, and sleep deprivation-induced memory impairments. This comprehensive review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases in June and July 2021, by searching keywords sleep, sleep deprivation, memory, and serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shirin Arjmandi-Rad
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eskandari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Drugs which influence serotonin transporter and serotonergic receptors: Pharmacological and clinical properties in the treatment of depression. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Na JR, Oh DR, Han S, Kim YJ, Choi E, Bae D, Oh DH, Lee YH, Kim S, Jun W. Antistress Effects of Rosa rugosa Thunb. on Total Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rat: Possible Mechanism of Action of 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist. J Med Food 2016; 19:870-81. [PMID: 27331439 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous results suggest that the Rosa rugosa Thunb. (family Rosaceae) alleviates endurance exercise-induced stress by decreasing oxidative stress levels. This study aimed to screen and identify the physiological antistress effects of an extract of R. rugosa (RO) on sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive tests (in vivo) and tested for hippocampal CORT and monoamine levels (ex vivo), corticosterone (CORT)-induced injury, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and serotonin 6 (5-hydroxytryptamine 6, 5-HT6) receptor activities (in vitro) in search of active principles and underlying mechanisms of action. We confirmed the antistress effects of RO in a sleep-deprived stress model in rat and explored the underlying mechanisms of its action. In conclusion, an R. rugosa extract showed efficacy and potential for use as an antistress therapy to treat sleep deprivation through its antagonism of the 5-HT6 receptor and resulting inhibition of cAMP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryun Na
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea.,2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dool-Ri Oh
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - SeulHee Han
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - EunJin Choi
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Donghyuck Bae
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | | | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- 4 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Suwon , Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- 1 Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR) , Jeollanamdo, Korea.,2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea.,5 B&Tech Co., Ltd., R&D Center , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 2 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
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7
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Dalwadi DA, Kim S, Amdani SM, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Schetz JA. Molecular mechanisms of serotonergic action of the HIV-1 antiretroviral efavirenz. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:10-24. [PMID: 27157251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efavirenz is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1, and the WHO guidelines list it as a component of the first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for treatment-naïve patients. Though the pharmacological basis is unclear, efavirenz is commonly associated with a risk for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) when taken at the prescribed dose. In many patients these NPAEs appear to subside after several weeks of treatment, though long-term studies show that in some patients the NPAEs persist. In a recent study focusing on the abuse potential of efavirenz, its receptor psychopharmacology was reported to include interactions with a number of established molecular targets for known drugs of abuse, and it displayed a prevailing behavioral profile in rodents resembling an LSD-like activity. In this report, we discovered interactions with additional serotonergic targets that may be associated with efavirenz-induced NPAEs. The most robust interactions were with 5-HT3A and 5-HT6 receptors, with more modest interactions noted for the 5-HT2B receptor and monoamine oxidase A. From a molecular mechanistic perspective, efavirenz acts as a 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonist of Gs-signaling, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonist of Gq-signaling, and a blocker of the 5-HT3A receptor currents. Efavirenz also completely or partially blocks agonist stimulation of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors, respectively. Schild analysis suggests that efavirenz competes for the same site on the 5-HT2A receptor as two known hallucinogenic partial agonists (±)-DOI and LSD. Prolonged exposure to efavirenz reduces 5-HT2A receptor density and responsiveness to 5-HT. Other ARVs such as zidovudine, nevirapine and emtricitabine did not share the same complex pharmacological profile as efavirenz, though some of them weakly interact with the 5-HT6 receptor or modestly block GABAA currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwanil A Dalwadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Shahnawaz M Amdani
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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8
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Buchanan GF, Smith HR, MacAskill A, Richerson GB. 5-HT2A receptor activation is necessary for CO2-induced arousal. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:233-43. [PMID: 25925320 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00213.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia-induced arousal from sleep is an important protective mechanism pertinent to a number of diseases. Most notably among these are the sudden infant death syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Serotonin (5-HT) plays a significant role in hypercapnia-induced arousal. The mechanism of 5-HT's role in this protective response is unknown. Here we sought to identify the specific 5-HT receptor subtype(s) involved in this response. Wild-type mice were pretreated with antagonists against 5-HT receptor subtypes, as well as antagonists against adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, dopaminergic, and orexinergic receptors before challenge with inspired CO2 or hypoxia. Antagonists of 5-HT(2A) receptors dose-dependently blocked CO2-induced arousal. The 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist, RS-102221, and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, attenuated but did not completely block CO2-induced arousal. Blockade of non-5-HT receptors did not affect CO2-induced arousal. None of these drugs had any effect on hypoxia-induced arousal. 5-HT2 receptor agonists were given to mice in which 5-HT neurons had been genetically eliminated during embryonic life (Lmx1b(f/f/p)) and which are known to lack CO2-induced arousal. Application of agonists to 5-HT(2A), but not 5-HT(2C), receptors, dose-dependently restored CO2-induced arousal in these mice. These data identify the 5-HT(2A) receptor as an important mediator of CO2-induced arousal and suggest that, while 5-HT neurons can be independently activated to drive CO2-induced arousal, in the absence of 5-HT neurons and endogenous 5-HT, 5-HT receptor activation can act in a permissive fashion to facilitate CO2-induced arousal via another as yet unidentified chemosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;
| | - Haleigh R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda MacAskill
- University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - George B Richerson
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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9
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Zhong W, Hutchinson TE, Chebolu S, Darmani NA. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-mediated vomiting occurs via the activation of Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent ERK1/2 signaling in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). PLoS One 2014; 9:e104718. [PMID: 25121483 PMCID: PMC4133232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3Rs) by 2-methylserotonin (2-Me-5-HT), a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, can induce vomiting. However, downstream signaling pathways for the induced emesis remain unknown. The 5-HT3R channel has high permeability to extracellular calcium (Ca2+) and upon stimulation allows increased Ca2+ influx. We examined the contribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (Ca2+/CaMKIIα), interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling to 2-Me-5-HT-induced emesis in the least shrew. Using fluo-4 AM dye, we found that 2-Me-5-HT augments intracellular Ca2+ levels in brainstem slices and that the selective 5-HT3R antagonist palonosetron, can abolish the induced Ca2+ signaling. Pre-treatment of shrews with either: i) amlodipine, an antagonist of L-type Ca2+ channels present on the cell membrane; ii) dantrolene, an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) Ca2+-release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); iii) a combination of their less-effective doses; or iv) inhibitors of CaMKII (KN93) and ERK1/2 (PD98059); dose-dependently suppressed emesis caused by 2-Me-5-HT. Administration of 2-Me-5-HT also significantly: i) enhanced the interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin in the brainstem as revealed by immunoprecipitation, as well as their colocalization in the area postrema (brainstem) and small intestine by immunohistochemistry; and ii) activated CaMKIIα in brainstem and in isolated enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine as shown by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. These effects were suppressed by palonosetron. 2-Me-5-HT also activated ERK1/2 in brainstem, which was abrogated by palonosetron, KN93, PD98059, amlodipine, dantrolene, or a combination of amlodipine plus dantrolene. However, blockade of ER inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors by 2-APB, had no significant effect on the discussed behavioral and biochemical parameters. This study demonstrates that Ca2+ mobilization via extracellular Ca2+ influx through 5-HT3Rs/L-type Ca2+ channels, and intracellular Ca2+ release via RyRs on ER, initiate Ca2+-dependent sequential activation of CaMKIIα and ERK1/2, which contribute to the 5-HT3R-mediated, 2-Me-5-HT-evoked emesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Tarun E. Hutchinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Seetha Chebolu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
| | - Nissar A. Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Neuroscience-driven discovery and development of sleep therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:300-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Garfield AS, Burke LK, Shaw J, Evans ML, Heisler LK. Distribution of cells responsive to 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist-induced hypophagia. Behav Brain Res 2014; 266:201-6. [PMID: 24566060 PMCID: PMC4003350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) system is well established as an important regulator of appetite and continues to remain a focus of obesity research. While much emphasis has focussed on the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in 5-HT's anorectic effect, pharmacological manipulation of the 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) also reduces appetite and body weight and may be amenable to obesity treatment. However, the neurological circuits that underlie 5-HT6R-induced hypophagia remain to be identified. Using c-fos immunoreactivity (FOS-IR) as a marker of neuronal activation, here we mapped the neuroanatomical targets activated by an anorectic dose of the 5-HT6R antagonist SB-399885 throughout the brain. Furthermore, we quantified SB-399855 activated cells within brain appetitive nuclei, the hypothalamus, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Our results reveal that 5-HT6R antagonist-induced hypophagia is associated with significantly increased neuronal activation in two nuclei with an established role in the central control of appetite, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and the NTS. In contrast, no changes in FOS-IR were observed between treatment groups within other hypothalamic nuclei or DRN. The data presented here provide a first insight into the neural circuitry underlying 5-HT6R antagonist-induced appetite suppression and highlight the PVH and NTS in the coordination of 5-HT6R hypophagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair S Garfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Luke K Burke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Jill Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Mark L Evans
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lora K Heisler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
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Pérez MR, Pellegrini E, Cano-Nicolau J, Gueguen MM, Menouer-Le Guillou D, Merot Y, Vaillant C, Somoza GM, Kah O. Relationships between radial glial progenitors and 5-HT neurons in the paraventricular organ of adult zebrafish - potential effects of serotonin on adult neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:3292-301. [PMID: 23981075 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In non-mammalian vertebrates, serotonin (5-HT)-producing neurons exist in the paraventricular organ (PVO), a diencephalic structure containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons exhibiting 5-HT or dopamine (DA) immunoreactivity. Because the brain of the adult teleost is known for its neurogenic activity supported, for a large part, by radial glial progenitors, this study addresses the origin of newborn 5-HT neurons in the hypothalamus of adult zebrafish. In this species, the PVO exhibits numerous radial glial cells (RGCs) whose somata are located at a certain distance from the ventricle. To study relationships between RGCs and 5-HT CSF-contacting neurons, we performed 5-HT immunohistochemistry in transgenic tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) zebrafish in which RGCs are labelled with GFP under the control of the cyp19a1b promoter. We show that the somata of the 5-HT neurons are located closer to the ventricle than those of RGCs. RGCs extend towards the ventricle cytoplasmic processes that form a continuous barrier along the ventricular surface. In turn, 5-HT neurons contact the CSF via processes that cross this barrier through small pores. Further experiments using proliferating cell nuclear antigen or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine indicate that RGCs proliferate and give birth to 5-HT neurons migrating centripetally instead of centrifugally as in other brain regions. Furthermore, treatment of adult zebrafish with tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor causes a significant decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the PVO, but not in the mediobasal hypothalamus. These data point to the PVO as an intriguing region in which 5-HT appears to promote genesis of 5-HT neurons that accumulate along the brain ventricles and contact the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rita Pérez
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors, IRSET, Case 1302, INSERM U1085, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes cedex, 35 042, France; Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH. CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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Monti JM, Jantos H, Schechter LE. The effects of systemic and local microinjection into the central nervous system of the selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY-208466 on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2013; 249:65-74. [PMID: 23624323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of WAY-208466, a selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist on spontaneous sleep were studied in adult rats implanted for chronic sleep recordings. Systemic administration of WAY-208466 during the light phase of the light-dark cycle significantly increased wakefulness (W) and reduced slow wave sleep (SWS), REM sleep (REMS) and the number of REMS periods. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist RO-399885 prevented the effects of the 5-HT6 receptor agonist on W, SWS and REMS. Direct infusion of WAY-208466 into the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, basal forebrain (horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca) or laterodorsal tegmental nucleus specifically decreased REMS without significantly altering W or SWS. In all instances the REMS suppression was dependent upon the reduction of REMS periods. The finding that WAY-208466 increases extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the rat frontal cortex tends to suggest that the neurotransmitter could be involved in the 5-HT6 receptor agonist-induced disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. However, further studies are needed to resolve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Monti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Clinics Hospital. Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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Ly S, Pishdari B, Lok LL, Hajos M, Kocsis B. Activation of 5-HT6 receptors modulates sleep-wake activity and hippocampal theta oscillation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:191-9. [PMID: 23336058 DOI: 10.1021/cn300184t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulatory role of 5-HT neurons and a number of different 5-HT receptor subtypes has been well documented in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and hippocampal activity. A high level of 5-HT(6) receptor expression is present in the rat hippocampus. Further, hippocampal function has been shown to be modulated by both 5-HT(6) agonists and antagonists. In the current study, the potential involvement of 5-HT(6) receptors in the control of hippocampal theta rhythms and sleep-wake cycles has been investigated. Hippocampal activity was recorded by intracranial hippocampal electrodes both in anesthetized (n = 22) and in freely moving rats (n = 9). Theta rhythm was monitored in different sleep-wake states in freely moving rats and was elicited by stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation under anesthesia. Changes in theta frequency and power were analyzed before and after injection of the 5-HT(6) antagonist (SAM-531) and the 5-HT(6) agonist (EMD386088). In freely moving rats, EMD386088 suppressed sleep for several hours and significantly decreased theta peak frequency, while, in anesthetized rats, EMD386088 had no effect on theta power but significantly decreased theta frequency, which could be blocked by coadministration of SAM-531. SAM-531 alone did not change sleep-wake patterns and had no effect on theta parameters in both unanesthetized and anesthetized rats. Decreases in theta frequency induced by the 5-HT(6) receptor agonist correspond to previously described electrophysiological patterns shared by all anxiolytic drugs, and it is in line with its behavioral anxiolytic profile. The 5-HT(6) antagonist, however, failed to potentiate theta power, which is characteristic of many pro-cognitive substances, indicating that 5-HT(6) receptors might not tonically modulate hippocampal oscillations and sleep-wake patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ly
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bano Pishdari
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ling Ling Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,
United States
| | - Bernat Kocsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Abstract
Short sleep duration has been suggested to be a risk factor for weight gain and adiposity. Serotonin (5-HT) substantially contributes to the regulation of sleep and feeding behavior. Although 5-HT predominately promotes waking and satiety, the effects of 5-HT depend on 5-HT receptor function. The 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors reportedly contribute to sleep-waking regulation, whereas the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors contribute to the regulation of satiety. The 5-HT1B and 2C receptors may therefore be involved in the regulation of sleep-feeding. In genetic studies, 5-HT1B receptor mutant mice display greater amounts of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) than wild-type mice, while displaying no effects on waking or slow wave sleep (SWS). On the other hand, 5-HT2C receptor mutant mice exhibit increased wakefulness and decreased SWS, without any effect on REMS. Moreover, the 5-HT2C receptor mutants display leptin-independent hyperphagia, leading to a middle-aged onset of obesity, whereas 5-HT1B receptor mutants do not display any effect on food intake. Thus, the genetic deletion of 5-HT2C receptors results in sleep loss-associated hyperphagia, leading to the late onset of obesity. This is a quite different pattern of sleep-feeding behavior than is observed in disturbed leptin signaling, which displays an increase in sleep-associated hyperphagia. In pharmacologic studies, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors upregulate wakefulness and downregulate SWS, REMS, and food intake. These findings suggest that 5-HT1B/2C receptor stimulation induces sleep loss-associated anorexia. Thus, the central 5-HT regulation of sleep-feeding can be dissociated. Functional hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and orexin activities may contribute to the dissociated 5-HT regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Nonogaki
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Translational Research Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Monti JM. Serotonin control of sleep-wake behavior. Sleep Med Rev 2011; 15:269-81. [PMID: 21459634 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological approaches, it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-HT) functions predominantly to promote wakefulness (W) and to inhibit REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (REMS). Yet, under certain circumstances the neurotransmitter contributes to the increase in sleep propensity. Most of the serotonergic innervation of the cerebral cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain (BFB), thalamus, preoptic and hypothalamic areas, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus and pontine reticular formation comes from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The 5-HT receptors can be classified into at least seven classes, designated 5-HT(1-7). The 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptor subtypes are linked to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and their activation evokes a membrane hyperpolarization. The actions of the 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptor subtypes are mediated by the activation of phospholipase C, with a resulting depolarization of the host cell. The 5-HT(3) receptor directly activates a 5-HT-gated cation channel which leads to the depolarization of monoaminergic, aminoacidergic and cholinergic cells. The primary signal transduction pathway of 5-HT(6) and 5-HT(7) receptors is the stimulation of adenylate cyclase which results in the depolarization of the follower neurons. Mutant mice that do not express 5-HT(1A) or 5-HT(1B) receptor exhibit greater amounts of REMS than their wild-type counterparts, which could be related to the absence of a postsynaptic inhibitory effect on REM-on neurons of the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT/PPT). 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor knock-out mice show a significant increase of W and a reduction of slow wave sleep (SWS) which has been ascribed to the increase of catecholaminergic neurotransmission involving mainly the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Sleep variables have been characterized, in addition, in 5-HT(7) receptor knock-out mice; the mutants spend less time in REMS that their wild-type counterparts. Direct infusion of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists 8-OH-DPAT and flesinoxan into the DRN significantly enhances REMS in the rat. In contrast, microinjection of the 5-HT(1B) (CP-94253), 5-HT(2A/2C) (DOI), 5-HT(3) (m-chlorophenylbiguanide) and 5-HT(7) (LP-44) receptor agonists into the DRN induces a significant reduction of REMS. Systemic injection of full agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) (8-OH-DPAT, flesinoxan), 5-HT(1B) (CGS 12066B, CP-94235), 5-HT(2C) (RO 60-0175), 5-HT(2A/2C) (DOI, DOM), 5-HT(3) (m-chlorophenylbiguanide) and 5-HT(7) (LP-211) receptors increases W and reduces SWS and REMS. Of note, systemic administration of the 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonists ritanserin, ketanserin, ICI-170,809 or sertindole at the beginning of the light period has been shown to induce a significant increase of SWS and a reduction of REMS in the rat. Wakefulness was also diminished in most of these studies. Similar effects have been described following the injection of the selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists volinanserin and pruvanserin and of the 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist nelotanserin in rodents. In addition, the effects of these compounds have been studied on the sleep electroencephalogram of subjects with normal sleep. Their administration was followed by an increase of SWS and, in most instances, a reduction of REMS. The administration of ritanserin to poor sleepers, patients with chronic primary insomnia and psychiatric patients with a generalized anxiety disorder or a mood disorder caused a significant increase in SWS. The 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist APD-125 induced also an increase of SWS in patients with chronic primary insomnia. It is known that during the administration of benzodiazepine (BZD) hypnotics to patients with insomnia there is a further reduction of SWS and REMS, whereas both variables tend to remain decreased during the use of non-BZD derivatives (zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone, zaleplon). Thus, the association of 5-HT(2A) antagonists or 5-HT(2A) inverse agonists with BZD and non-BZD hypnotics could be a valid alternative to normalize SWS in patients with primary or comorbid insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Monti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Clinics Hospital, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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