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Crawford CA, Taylor JA, Park GI, Rios JW, Bunch J, Greenwood CJ, Lopez Sanchez DY, Gonzales DJ. Effects of neonatal fentanyl on late adolescent opioid-mediated behavior. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1094241. [PMID: 36866335 PMCID: PMC9971583 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1094241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of the steady increase in the use of synthetic opioids in women of childbearing age, a large number of children are at risk of exposure to these drugs prenatally or postnatally through breast milk. While there is older literature looking at the effects of morphine and heroin, there are relatively few studies looking at the long-term effects of high-potency synthetic opioid compounds like fentanyl. Thus, in the present study, we assessed whether brief exposure to fentanyl in male and female rat pups during a period roughly equivalent to the third trimester of CNS development altered adolescent oral fentanyl self-administration and opioid-mediated thermal antinociception. Methods We treated the rats with fentanyl (0, 10, or 100 μg/kg sc) from postnatal day (PD) 4 to PD 9. The fentanyl was administered daily in two injections given 6 h apart. After the last injection on PD 9, the rat pups were left alone until either PD 40 where they began fentanyl self-administration training or PD 60 where they were tested for morphine- (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or U50,488- (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) induced thermal antinociception. Results In the self-administration study, we found that female rats had more active nose pokes than male rats when receiving a fentanyl reward but not sucrose alone solution. Early neonatal fentanyl exposure did not significantly alter fentanyl intake or nose-poke response. In contrast, early fentanyl exposure did alter thermal antinociception in both male and female rats. Specifically, fentanyl (10 μg/kg) pre-treatment increased baseline paw-lick latencies, and the higher dose of fentanyl (100 μg/kg) reduced morphine-induced paw-lick latencies. Fentanyl pre-treatment did not alter U50,488-mediated thermal antinociception. Conclusions Although our exposure model is not reflective of typical human fentanyl use during pregnancy, our study does illustrate that even brief exposure to fentanyl during early development can have long-lasting effects on mu-opioid-mediated behavior. Moreover, our data suggest that females may be more susceptible to fentanyl abuse than males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan A. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Ginny I. Park
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine W. Rios
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Bunch
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Constance J. Greenwood
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - David Y. Lopez Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Diego J. Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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Walker SM, Malkmus S, Eddinger K, Steinauer J, Roberts AJ, Shubayev VI, Grafe MR, Powell SB, Yaksh TL. Evaluation of neurotoxicity and long-term function and behavior following intrathecal 1 % 2-chloroprocaine in juvenile rats. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:155-167. [PMID: 34801587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Spinally-administered local anesthetics provide effective perioperative anesthesia and/or analgesia for children of all ages. New preparations and drugs require preclinical safety testing in developmental models. We evaluated age-dependent efficacy and safety following 1 % preservative-free 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Percutaneous lumbar intrathecal 2-CP was administered at postnatal day (P)7, 14 or 21. Mechanical withdrawal threshold pre- and post-injection evaluated the degree and duration of sensory block, compared to intrathecal saline and naive controls. Tissue analyses one- or seven-days following injection included histopathology of spinal cord, cauda equina and brain sections, and quantification of neuronal apoptosis and glial reactivity in lumbar spinal cord. Following intrathecal 2-CP or saline at P7, outcomes assessed between P30 and P72 included: spinal reflex sensitivity (hindlimb thermal latency, mechanical threshold); social approach (novel rat versus object); locomotor activity and anxiety (open field with brightly-lit center); exploratory behavior (rearings, holepoking); sensorimotor gating (acoustic startle, prepulse inhibition); and learning (Morris Water Maze). Maximum tolerated doses of intrathecal 2-CP varied with age (1.0 μL/g at P7, 0.75 μL/g at P14, 0.5 μL/g at P21) and produced motor and sensory block for 10-15 min. Tissue analyses found no significant differences across intrathecal 2-CP, saline or naïve groups. Adult behavioral measures showed expected sex-dependent differences, that did not differ between 2-CP and saline groups. Single maximum tolerated in vivo doses of intrathecal 2-CP produced reversible spinal anesthesia in juvenile rodents without detectable evidence of developmental neurotoxicity. Current results cannot be extrapolated to repeated dosing or prolonged infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen M Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Developmental Neurosciences Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Great Ormond St Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Shelle Malkmus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Steinauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan B Powell
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Cioato SG, Medeiros LF, Lopes BC, de Souza A, Medeiros HR, Assumpção JAF, Caumo W, Roesler R, Torres ILS. Antinociceptive and neurochemical effects of a single dose of IB-MECA in chronic pain rat models. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:573-584. [PMID: 33161497 PMCID: PMC7855191 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single administration of IB-MECA, an A3 adenosine receptor agonist, upon the nociceptive response and central biomarkers of rats submitted to chronic pain models. A total of 136 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two protocols: (1) chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) using complete Freund's adjuvant and (2) neuropathic pain (NP) by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was measured using von Frey (VF), Randal-Selitto (RS), and hot plate (HP) tests. Rats were treated with a single dose of IB-MECA (0.5 μmol/kg i.p.), a vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide-DMSO), or positive control (morphine, 5 mg/kg i.p.). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were measured in the brainstem and spinal cord using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The establishment of the chronic pain (CIP or NP) model was observed 14 days after induction by a decreased nociceptive threshold in all three tests (GEE, P < 0.05). The antinociceptive effect of a single dose of IB-MECA was observed in both chronic pain models, but this was more effective in NP model. There was an increase in IL-1β levels promoted by CIP. NP model promoted increase in the brainstem BDNF levels, which was reversed by IB-MECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Fagundes Assumpção
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Spezia Adachi LN, Vercelino R, de Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, de Souza A, Medeiros LF, Cioato SG, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Isoflurane and the Analgesic Effect of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture in an Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2018; 11:97-106. [PMID: 29436370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether isoflurane interferes with the analgesic effects of acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EA), using a neuropathic pain (NP) rat model. In total, 140 male Wistar rats were used; isoflurane-induced nociceptive response was evaluated using the von Frey test, serum calcium-binding protein β (S100β) levels and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the left sciatic nerve. The NP model was induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve at 14 days after surgery. Treatment was initiated after NP induction with or without isoflurane anesthesia (20 min/day/8 days). The von Frey test was performed at baseline, 14 days postoperatively, and immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after the last treatment. Results of the nociceptive test and three-way analysis of variance were analyzed by generalized estimating equations, the Bonferroni test, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls or Fisher's least significant difference tests for comparing biochemical parameters (significance defined as p ≤ 0.05). At baseline, no difference was noted in the nociceptive response threshold among all groups. Fourteen days after surgery, compared with other groups, NP groups showed a decreased pain threshold, confirming establishment of NP. Ac and EA enhanced the mechanical pain threshold immediately after the last session in the NP groups, without anesthesia. Isoflurane administration caused increased nociceptive threshold in all groups, and this effect persisted for 48 h after the last treatment. There was an interaction between the independent variables: pain, treatments, and anesthesia in serum S100β levels and NGF levels in the left sciatic nerve. Isoflurane enhanced the analgesic effects of Ac and EA and altered serum S100β and left sciatic nerve NGF levels in rats with NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Spezia Adachi
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vercelino
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário FADERGS, Health and Wellness School Laureate International Universities, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa L Scarabelot
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane F Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefania G Cioato
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researchs, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Cunha MP, Pazini FL, Lieberknecht V, Budni J, Oliveira Á, Rosa JM, Mancini G, Mazzardo L, Colla AR, Leite MC, Santos ARS, Martins DF, de Bem AF, Gonçalves CAS, Farina M, Rodrigues ALS. MPP +-Lesioned Mice: an Experimental Model of Motor, Emotional, Memory/Learning, and Striatal Neurochemical Dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6356-6377. [PMID: 27722926 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces motor and nonmotor dysfunctions resembling Parkinson's disease (PD); however, studies investigating the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), an active oxidative product of MPTP, are scarce. This study investigated the behavioral and striatal neurochemical changes (related to oxidative damage, glial markers, and neurotrophic factors) 24 h after intracerebroventricular administration of MPP+ (1.8-18 μg/mouse) in C57BL6 mice. MPP+ administration at high dose (18 μg/mouse) altered motor parameters, since it increased the latency to leave the first quadrant and reduced crossing, rearing, and grooming responses in the open-field test and decreased rotarod latency time. MPP+ administration at low dose (1.8 μg/mouse) caused specific nonmotor dysfunctions as it produced a depressive-like effect in the forced swim test and tail suspension test, loss of motivational and self-care behavior in the splash test, anxiety-like effect in the elevated plus maze test, and short-term memory deficit in the step-down inhibitory avoidance task, without altering ambulation. MPP+ at doses of 1.8-18 μg/mouse increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocontent and at 18 μg/mouse increased α-synuclein and decreased parkin immunocontent. The astrocytic calcium-binding protein S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/S100B ratio was decreased following MPP+ administration (18 μg/mouse). At this highest dose, MPP+ increased the ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunocontent, suggesting microglial activation. Also, MPP+ at a dose of 18 μg/mouse increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunocontent, suggesting a significant role for oxidative stress in the MPP+-induced striatal damage. MPP+ (18 μg/mouse) also increased striatal fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Moreover, MPP+ decreased tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) immunocontent. Finally, MPP+ (1.8-18 μg/mouse) increased serum corticosterone levels and did not alter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the striatum but increased it in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Collectively, these results indicate that MPP+ administration at low doses may be used as a model of emotional and memory/learning behavioral deficit related to PD and that MPP+ administration at high dose could be useful for analysis of striatal dysfunctions associated with motor deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute for Translational Medicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gianni Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Mazzardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - André R Colla
- Centro Universitário Municipal de São José, São José, SC, Brazil
| | - Marina C Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Pedra Branca, Palhoça, SC, 88137-270, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto S Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Wang C, Liu F, Patterson TA, Paule MG, Slikker W. Relationship between ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity and NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in neural stem cell-derived neurons. Neurotoxicology 2016; 60:254-259. [PMID: 27132109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is used as a general anesthetic and recent data suggest that general anesthetics can cause neuronal damage when exposure occurs during early brain development. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with ketamine-induced neurotoxicity, stem cell-derived models, such as rodent neural stem cells harvested from rat fetuses and/or neural stem cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be utilized. Prolonged exposure of rodent neural stem cells to clinically-relevant concentrations of ketamine resulted in elevated NMDA receptor levels as indicated by NR1subunit over-expression in neurons. This was associated with enhanced damage in neurons. In contrast, the viability and proliferation rate of undifferentiated neural stem cells were not significantly affected after ketamine exposure. Calcium imaging data indicated that 50μM NMDA did not cause a significant influx of calcium in typical undifferentiated neural stem cells; however, it did produce an immediate elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ [Ca2+]i in differentiated neurons derived from the same neural stem cells. This paper reviews the literature on this subject and previous findings suggest that prolonged exposure of developing neurons to ketamine produces an increase in NMDA receptor expression (compensatory up-regulation) which allows for a higher/toxic influx of calcium into neurons once ketamine is removed from the system, leading to neuronal cell death likely due to elevated reactive oxygen species generation. The absence of functional NMDA receptors in cultured neural stem cells likely explains why clinically-relevant concentrations of ketamine did not affect undifferentiated neural stem cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Tucker A Patterson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Director, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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7
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Toxic and protective effects of inhaled anaesthetics on the developing animal brain: systematic review and update of recent experimental work. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 31:669-77. [PMID: 24922049 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating preclinical data indicate that neonatal exposure to general anaesthetics is detrimental to the central nervous system. Some studies, however, display potential protective effects of exactly the same anaesthetic agents on the immature brain. The effects of inhaled anaesthetics on the developing brain have received close attention from researchers, clinicians and the public in recent decades. OBJECTIVES To summarise the preclinical evidence reported in the last 5 years on both the deleterious effects and the neuroprotective potential in special indications, of inhaled anaesthetics on the developing brain. DESIGN A systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed search performed in June 2013. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Search terms included brain, development, inhaled anaesthetic, toxicity and protection within the scope of the last 5 years with animals. The reference lists of relevant articles and recent reviews were also hand-searched for additional studies. The type, dose and exposure duration of anaesthetics, species and age of animals, histopathologic indicators, outcomes and affected brain areas, neuro developmental test modules and outcomes, as well as other outcomes and comments were summarised. RESULTS Two hundred and nineteen relevant titles were initially revealed. In total, 81 articles were identified, with 68 articles assessing the detrimental effects induced by inhaled anaesthetics in the immature brain along with possible treatments. The remaining 13 articles focused on the protective profile of inhaled anaesthetics on perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Administration of inhaled anaesthetic agents to the immature brain was shown to be deleterious in several preclinical studies. In perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury models, pre- and postconditioning of inhalational anaesthetics exerted neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSION The majority of studies have linked inhaled anaesthetics to toxic effects in the neonatal brain of rodents, piglets and primates. Only a few studies, however, could demonstrate long-lasting cognitive impairment. The results of inhalational anaesthetic-induced neuroprotection in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury are a promising basis for more research in this field. In general, prospective clinical trials are needed to further differentiate the effects of inhaled anaesthetics on the immature brain.
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Wang C, Liu F, Patterson TA, Paule MG, Slikker W. Preclinical assessment of ketamine. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:448-53. [PMID: 23462308 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is used as a general anesthetic, and recent data suggest that anesthetics can cause neurodegeneration and/or neuroprotection. The precise mechanisms are not completely understood. This review is to examine the work on ketamine and to address how developmental biology may be utilized when combined with biochemical, pathological, and pharmacokinetic assessments to produce a bridging model that may decrease the uncertainty in extrapolating preclinical data to human conditions. Advantages of using preclinical models to study critical issues related to ketamine anesthesia have been described. These include the relationships between ketamine-induced neurotoxicity/protection and the preclinical models/approaches in elucidating mechanisms associated with ketamine exposure. The discussions focus on the following: (1) the doses and time-course over which ketamine is associated with damage to, or protection of, neural cells, (2) how ketamine directs or signals neural cells to undergo apoptosis or necrosis, (3) how such exposures can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, (4) how antioxidants and knockdowns of specific transcription modulators or receptors affect neurotoxicity induced by ketamine, and (5) whether the potential neural damage can be monitored after ketamine exposure in living animals using positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9501, USA.
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Victoria NC, Inoue K, Young LJ, Murphy AZ. A Single Neonatal Injury Induces Life-Long Deficits in Response to Stress. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:326-37. [DOI: 10.1159/000351121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Liu F, Patterson TA, Sadovova N, Zhang X, Liu S, Zou X, Hanig JP, Paule MG, Slikker W, Wang C. Ketamine-induced neuronal damage and altered N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function in rat primary forebrain culture. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:548-57. [PMID: 23065140 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is frequently used in pediatric general anesthesia. Accumulating evidence from animal experiments has demonstrated that ketamine causes neuronal cell death during the brain growth spurt. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with ketamine-induced neuronal toxicity and search for approaches or agents to prevent ketamine's adverse effects on the developing brain, a primary nerve cell culture system was utilized. Neurons harvested from the forebrain of newborn rats were maintained under normal control conditions or exposed to either ketamine (10 µM) or ketamine plus L-carnitine (an antioxidant; 1-100 µM) for 24h, followed by a 24-h withdrawal period. Ketamine exposure resulted in elevated NMDA receptor (NR1) expression, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by higher levels of 8-oxoguanine production, and enhanced neuronal damage. Coadministration of L-carnitine significantly diminished ROS generation and provided near complete protection of neurons from ketamine-induced cell death. NMDA receptors regulate channels that are highly permeable to calcium, and calcium imaging data demonstrated that neurons exposed to ketamine had a significantly elevated amplitude of calcium influx and higher intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) evoked by NMDA (50 µM), compared with control neurons. These findings suggest that prolonged ketamine exposure produces an increase in NMDA receptor expression (compensatory upregulation), which allows for a higher/toxic influx of calcium into neurons once ketamine is removed from the system, leading to elevated ROS generation and neuronal cell death. L-Carnitine appears to be a promising agent in preventing or reversing ketamine's toxic effects on neurons at an early developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079-0502, USA
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Capitanio JP, Del Rosso LA, Calonder LA, Blozis SA, Penedo MCT. Behavioral effects of prenatal ketamine exposure in rhesus macaques are dependent on MAOA genotype. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 20:173-80. [PMID: 22250657 PMCID: PMC3481859 DOI: 10.1037/a0026773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is used in anesthetic, abuse, and therapeutic contexts. Recent evidence suggests that ketamine may affect not only glutamate systems, but may also act on receptors in the dopamine and serotonin systems. Because monoamine neurotransmitters play important trophic roles in prenatal development, we hypothesized that the behavioral consequences of prenatal exposure to ketamine may be moderated by genotype of the promoter in the monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene. Eighty-two infant rhesus monkeys were identified that had known dates of conception and exposures to ketamine during gestation. Animals were tested at 3-4 months of age on a battery of tests assessing responsiveness to maternal separation, recognition memory, and contact with novel objects. Animals were classified by putative activity levels for the MAOA genotype. The effects of prenatal ketamine exposure were seen only in the context of MAOA genotype. Greater exposure to ketamine resulted in increased activity, less willingness to perform in the memory task, and reduced emotionality and novel-object contact, but only for individuals with the low-activity genotype. Nearly all effects of ketamine were the result of first- and second-trimester exposure. MAOA genotype moderates the role of prenatal ketamine exposure at time points in gestation earlier than have been shown in past research, and is particularly evident for measures of emotionality. These results support the idea that ketamine's use might be best considered in light of individuals' genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Capitanio
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Laura A. Del Rosso
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
| | - Laura A. Calonder
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis
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Fentanyl administration in infant rats produces long‐term behavioral responses. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 30:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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