1
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Colita D, Burdusel D, Glavan D, Hermann DM, Colită CI, Colita E, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and post-stroke affective disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:149-158. [PMID: 37827260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most common and incapacitating mental health disorders around the world are major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-stroke depression (PSD). MDD is thought to result from abnormal connectivity between the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and/or cholinergic pathways. Additional factors include the roles of hormonal, immune, ageing, as well as the influence of cellular, molecular, and epigenetics in the development of mood disorders. This complexity of factors has been anticipated by the Swiss psychiatrists Paul Kielholz and Jules Angst who introduced a multimodal treatment of MDD. Depression is the predominant mood disorder, impacting around one-third of individuals who have experienced a stroke. MDD and PSD share common underlying biological mechanisms related to the disruption of monoaminergic pathways. The major contributor to PSD is the stroke lesion location, which can involve the disruption of the serotoninergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, or cholinergic pathways. Additionally, various other disorders such as mania, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and apathy might occur post-stroke, although their prevalence is considerably lower. However, there are differences in the onset of MDD among mood disorders. Some mood disorders develop gradually and can persist for a lifetime, potentially culminating in suicide. In contrast, PSD has a rapid onset because of the severe disruption of neural pathways essential for mood behavior caused by the lesion. However, PSD might also spontaneously resolve several months after a stroke, though it is associated with higher mortality. This review also provides a brief overview of the treatments currently available in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Colita
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daiana Burdusel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Cezar-Ivan Colită
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Colita
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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2
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Xu F, Zhang G, Yin J, Zhang Q, Ge MY, Peng L, Wang S, Li Y. Fluoxetine mitigating late-stage cognition and neurobehavior impairment induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibiting ERS-mediated neurons apoptosis in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Fréchou M, Margaill I, Marchand-Leroux C, Beray-Berthat V. Behavioral tests that reveal long-term deficits after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mouse. Behav Brain Res 2018; 360:69-80. [PMID: 30500429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts are still needed regarding the research of therapeutics for ischemic stroke. While in experimental studies the protective effect of pharmacological agents is often highlighted by a reduction of the lesion size evaluated in the short term (days), in clinical studies a functional recovery of patients suffering from stroke is expected on the long-term (months and years). Long-term functional preclinical studies are highly recommended to evaluate potential neuroprotective agents for stroke, rather than an assessment of the infarction size at a short time point. The present study thus aimed to select among various behavioral tests those able to highlight long-term deficits (3 months) after cerebral ischemia in mice. Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was carried out in male Swiss mice by intraluminal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Fourteen behavioral tests were assessed from 7 days to 90 days after ischemia (locomotor activity, neurological score, exit circle test, grip and string tests, chimney test, adhesive removal test, pole test, beam-walking tests, elevated plus maze, marble burying test, forced swimming test, novel object recognition test). The present study clearly identified a battery of behavioral tests able to highlight deficits up to 3 months in our mouse model of permanent MCA occlusion (locomotor activity, neurological score, adhesive removal test, pole test, beam-walking tests, elevated plus maze, marble burying test, forced swimming test and novel object recognition test). This battery of behavioral tests highlighting long-term deficits is useful to study future neuroprotective strategies for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Fréchou
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA 4475, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Margaill
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA 4475, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA 4475, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Virginie Beray-Berthat
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA 4475, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
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Hosszu A, Antal Z, Veres-Szekely A, Lenart L, Balogh DB, Szkibinszkij E, Illesy L, Hodrea J, Banki NF, Wagner L, Vannay A, Szabo AJ, Fekete A. The role of Sigma-1 receptor in sex-specific heat shock response in an experimental rat model of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Transpl Int 2018; 31:1268-1278. [PMID: 29908082 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that female rats are more protected against renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury than males, which is partly attributed to their more pronounced heat shock response. We recently described that Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) activation improves postischaemic survival and renal function. 17β-estradiol activates S1R, thus here we investigated the role of sex-specific S1R activation and heat shock response in severe renal I/R injury. Proximal tubular cells were treated with 17β-estradiol, which caused direct S1R activation and subsequent induction of heat shock response. Uninephrectomized female, male and ovariectomized female (Ovx) Wistar rats were subjected to 50-min renal ischaemia followed by 2 (T2) and 24 (T24) hours of reperfusion. At T24 renal functional, impairment was less severe and structural damage was less prominent in females versus males or Ovx. Postischaemic increase in S1R, pAkt, HSF-1, HSP72 levels were detected as early as at T2, while pHSP27 was elevated later at T24. Abundance of heat shock proteins was higher in healthy female rats and remained higher at T2 and T24 (female versus male or Ovx; resp.). We propose a S1R-dependent mechanism, which contributes to the relative renoprotection of females after I/R injury by enhancing the heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hosszu
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Antal
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Lilla Lenart
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Bianka Balogh
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edgar Szkibinszkij
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Illesy
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Hodrea
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora F Banki
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Wagner
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Vannay
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Diabetes Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Hosszu A, Antal Z, Lenart L, Hodrea J, Koszegi S, Balogh DB, Banki NF, Wagner L, Denes A, Hamar P, Degrell P, Vannay A, Szabo AJ, Fekete A. σ1-Receptor Agonism Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:152-165. [PMID: 27056295 PMCID: PMC5198266 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury remain unresolved, and effective therapies are lacking. We previously showed that dehydroepiandrosterone protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats. Here, we investigated the potential role of σ1-receptor activation in mediating this protection. In rats, pretreatment with either dehydroepiandrosterone or fluvoxamine, a high-affinity σ1-receptor agonist, improved survival, renal function and structure, and the inflammatory response after sublethal renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In human proximal tubular epithelial cells, stimulation by fluvoxamine or oxidative stress caused the σ1-receptor to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol and nucleus. Fluvoxamine stimulation in these cells also activated nitric oxide production that was blocked by σ1-receptor knockdown or Akt inhibition. Similarly, in the postischemic rat kidney, σ1-receptor activation by fluvoxamine triggered the Akt-nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway, resulting in time- and isoform-specific endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide production. Concurrently, intravital two-photon imaging revealed prompt peritubular vasodilation after fluvoxamine treatment, which was blocked by the σ1-receptor antagonist or various nitric oxide synthase blockers. In conclusion, in this rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, σ1-receptor agonists improved postischemic survival and renal function via activation of Akt-mediated nitric oxide signaling in the kidney. Thus, σ1-receptor activation might provide a therapeutic option for renoprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hosszu
- MTA-SE Lendulet Diabetes Research Group and
- First Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Denes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Peter Hamar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Degrell
- Department of Pathology, Moritz Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Adam Vannay
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J Szabo
- First Department of Pediatrics
- MTA-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fekete
- MTA-SE Lendulet Diabetes Research Group and
- First Department of Pediatrics
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6
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de la Tremblaye PB, Linares NN, Schock S, Plamondon H. Activation of CRHR1 receptors regulates social and depressive-like behaviors and expression of BDNF and TrkB in mesocorticolimbic regions following global cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:84-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Klarić TS, Jaehne EJ, Koblar SA, Baune BT, Lewis MD. Alterations in anxiety and social behaviour in Npas4 deficient mice following photochemically-induced focal cortical stroke. Behav Brain Res 2016; 316:29-37. [PMID: 27574128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to causing widespread cell death and loss of brain function, cerebral ischaemia also induces extensive neuroplasticity. In humans, stroke is often accompanied by severe cognitive and psychiatric changes that are thought to arise as a consequence of this infarct-induced remodelling. A candidate for producing these post-stroke neuropsychiatric changes is Npas4, an activity-dependent transcription factor involved in synaptic plasticity whose expression is aberrantly up-regulated following ischaemic injury. In this study we investigated the role of Npas4 in modulating these stroke-induced neuropsychiatric responses by comparing the performance of wildtype and Npas4-/- mice in various cognitive and behavioural tasks in a photochemical model of focal cortical stroke. We show that this stroke model results in impaired spatial recognition memory and a reduction in despair-like behaviour that affect both genotypes to a similar degree. Moreover, mice lacking Npas4 also show differences in some aspects of post-stroke sociability and anxiety. Specifically, we show that while stroke had no effect on anxiety levels in wildtype mice, Npas4-/- mice became significantly more anxious following stroke. In addition, Npas4-/- mice retained a greater level of sociability in the acute post-stroke period in comparison to their wildtype littermates. Thus, our findings suggest that Npas4 may be involved in post-stroke psychiatric changes related to anxiety and sociability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Klarić
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - E J Jaehne
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - S A Koblar
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - B T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - M D Lewis
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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8
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Zepeda R, Contreras V, Pissani C, Stack K, Vargas M, Owen GI, Lazo OM, Bronfman FC. Venlafaxine treatment after endothelin-1-induced cortical stroke modulates growth factor expression and reduces tissue damage in rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:131-145. [PMID: 26965219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulators, such as antidepressants, may contribute to neuroprotection by modulating growth factor expression to exert anti-inflammatory effects and to support neuronal plasticity after stroke. Our objective was to study whether early treatment with venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, modulates growth factor expression and positively contributes to reducing the volume of infarcted brain tissue resulting in increased functional recovery. We studied the expression of BDNF, FGF2 and TGF-β1 by examining their mRNA and protein levels and cellular distribution using quantitative confocal microscopy at 5 days after venlafaxine treatment in control and infarcted brains. Venlafaxine treatment did not change the expression of these growth factors in sham rats. In infarcted rats, BDNF mRNA and protein levels were reduced, while the mRNA and protein levels of FGF2 and TGF-β1 were increased. Venlafaxine treatment potentiated all of the changes that were induced by cortical stroke alone. In particular, increased levels of FGF2 and TGF-β1 were observed in astrocytes at 5 days after stroke induction, and these increases were correlated with decreased astrogliosis (measured by GFAP) and increased synaptophysin immunostaining at twenty-one days after stroke in venlafaxine-treated rats. Finally, we show that venlafaxine reduced infarct volume after stroke resulting in increased functional recovery, which was measured using ladder rung motor tests, at 21 days after stroke. Our results indicate that the early oral administration of venlafaxine positively contributes to neuroprotection during the acute and late events that follow stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zepeda
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Contreras
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Pissani
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Stack
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Vargas
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar M Lazo
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- MINREB and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Ingberg E, Dock H, Theodorsson E, Theodorsson A, Ström JO. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in mouse stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21086. [PMID: 26876353 PMCID: PMC4753409 DOI: 10.1038/srep21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of promising substances have been tested in clinical trials,
thrombolysis currently remains the only specific pharmacological treatment for
ischemic stroke. Poor quality, e.g. low statistical power, in the preclinical
studies has been suggested to play an important role in these failures. Therefore,
it would be attractive to use animal models optimized to minimize unnecessary
mortality and outcome variability, or at least to be able to power studies more
exactly by predicting variability and mortality given a certain experimental setup.
The possible combinations of methodological parameters are innumerous, and an
experimental comparison of them all is therefore not feasible. As an alternative
approach, we extracted data from 334 experimental mouse stroke articles and, using a
hypothesis-driven meta-analysis, investigated the method parameters’
impact on infarct size variability and mortality. The use of Swiss and C57BL6 mice
as well as permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery rendered the lowest
variability of the infarct size while the emboli methods increased variability. The
use of Swiss mice increased mortality. Our study offers guidance for researchers
striving to optimize mouse stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Ingberg
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Hua Dock
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Annette Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Neurosurgery, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Jakob O Ström
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Vårdvetenskapligt Forskningscentrum/Centre for Health Sciences, Örebro University Hospital, County Council of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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10
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Zhang G, Chen L, Yang L, Hua X, Zhou B, Miao Z, Li J, Hu H, Namaka M, Kong J, Xu X. Combined use of spatial restraint stress and middle cerebral artery occlusion is a novel model of post-stroke depression in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16751. [PMID: 26572587 PMCID: PMC4648085 DOI: 10.1038/srep16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common complications of ischemic stroke. At present, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, largely because there are no reliable, valid and reproducible animal models of PSD. Here we report a novel animal model of PSD that displays consistent and reliable clinical features of hemiplegic stroke. The animal model encompasses a combination of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and spatial restraint stress. We found that a 60-minute MCAO followed by spatial restraint stress for 2 h daily for 2 to 4 weeks from the fourth day after MCAO induced PSD-like depressive phenotypes in mice. Importantly, the mice showed exacerbated deficits of neurological functions and decreased body weights, which were accompanied with reduced levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotransmitters including serotonin and dopamine. In addition, we identified increased levels of serum cortisol in our PSD mice. Finally, we found that mice with PSD were responsive to the tri-cyclic antidepressant imipramine as evidenced by their attenuated depressive behaviors, increased body weights, recovered brain serotonin levels, and decreased serum cortisol levels. This mouse model replicates multiple features of human post-stroke depression and thus provides a new model for the investigation of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaocai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Xiaodong Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Beiqun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, 118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou City, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Michael Namaka
- College of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
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11
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Pang C, Cao L, Wu F, Wang L, Wang G, Yu Y, Zhang M, Chen L, Wang W, Lv W, Chen L, Zhu J, Pan J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Ding L. The effect of trans-resveratrol on post-stroke depression via regulation of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:447-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Shao B, Zhou YL, Wang H, Lin YS. The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in post-stroke depression in chronic mild stress-treated ischemic rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 139:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Chillon JM, Brazier F, Bouquet P, Massy ZA. Neurological disorders in a murine model of chronic renal failure. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:180-93. [PMID: 24394639 PMCID: PMC3920256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). However, data on the impact of CRF on the cerebral circulatory system are scarce—despite the fact that stroke is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death in people with CRF. In the present study, we examined the impact of CRF on behavior (anxiety), recognition and ischemic stroke severity in a well-defined murine model of CRF. We did not observe any significant increases between CRF mice and non-CRF mice in terms of anxiety. In contrast, CRF mice showed lower levels of anxiety in some tests. Recognition was not impaired (vs. controls) after 6 weeks of CRF but was impaired after 10 weeks of CRF. Chronic renal failure enhances the severity of ischemic stroke, as evaluated by the infarct volume size in CRF mice after 34 weeks of CRF. Furthermore, neurological test results in non-CRF mice tended to improve in the days following ischemic stroke, whereas the results in CRF mice tended to worsen. In conclusion, we showed that a murine model of CRF is suitable for evaluating uremic toxicity and the associated neurological disorders. Our data confirm the role of uremic toxicity in the genesis of neurological abnormalities (other than anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Chillon
- INSERM U1088, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037 Amiens cedex 1, France.
| | - François Brazier
- INSERM U1088, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037 Amiens cedex 1, France.
| | - Philippe Bouquet
- INSERM U1088, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037 Amiens cedex 1, France.
| | - Ziad A Massy
- INSERM U1088, UFR de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037 Amiens cedex 1, France.
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Loubinoux I, Kronenberg G, Endres M, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T, Filipkowski RK, Kaczmarek L, Popa-Wagner A. Post-stroke depression: mechanisms, translation and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:1961-9. [PMID: 22348642 PMCID: PMC3822966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between depression and stroke is highly complex. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences of stroke. Depression also negatively impacts stroke outcome with increased morbidity, mortality and poorer functional recovery. Antidepressants such as the commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors improve stroke outcome, an effect that may extend far beyond depression, e.g., to motor recovery. The main biological theory of PSD is the amine hypothesis. Conceivably, ischaemic lesions interrupt the projections ascending from midbrain and brainstem, leading to a decreased bioavailability of the biogenic amines – serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Acetylcholine would also be involved. So far, preclinical and translational research on PSD is largely lacking. The implementation and characterization of suitable animal models is clearly a major prerequisite for deeper insights into the biological basis of post-stroke mood disturbances. Equally importantly, experimental models may also pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. If we cannot prevent stroke, we shall try to limit its long-term consequences. This review therefore presents animal models of PSD and summarizes potential underlying mechanisms including genomic signatures, neurotransmitter and neurotrophin signalling, hippocampal neurogenesis, cellular plasticity in the ischaemic lesion, secondary degenerative changes, activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroinflammation. As stroke is a disease of the elderly, great clinical benefit may especially accrue from deciphering and targeting basic mechanisms underlying PSD in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Loubinoux
- INSERM, Cerebral imaging and neurological handicaps UMR825, Toulouse, France
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Preconditioning induces sustained neuroprotection by downregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Neuroscience 2011; 201:280-7. [PMID: 22120436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induces endogenous neuroprotection from a subsequent ischemic injury. IPC involves downregulation of metabolic pathways. As adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical sensor of energy balance and plays a major role in cellular metabolism, its role in IPC was investigated. A brief 3-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to induce IPC in male mice 72 h before 90-min MCAO. Levels of AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK), the active form of the kinase, were assessed after IPC. A pharmacological activator or inhibitor of AMPK was used to determine the dependence of IPC on AMPK signaling. Additionally, AMPK-α2 null mice were subjected to IPC, and subsequent infarct damage was assessed. IPC induced neuroprotection, enhanced heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), and improved behavioral outcomes. These beneficial effects occurred in parallel with a significant inhibition of pAMPK protein expression. Although both pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or IPC led to neuroprotection, IPC offered no additional protective effects when co-administered with an AMPK inhibitor. Moreover, pharmacological activation of AMPK with metformin abolished the neuroprotective effects of IPC. AMPK-α2 null mice that lack the catalytic isoform of AMPK failed to demonstrate a preconditioning response. Regulation of AMPK plays an important role in IPC-mediated neuroprotection. AMPK may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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