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Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol exposure is exhausting: Sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105567. [PMID: 38309498 PMCID: PMC10923002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading nongenetic cause of human intellectual impairment. The long-term impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure on health and well-being are diverse, including neuropathology leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Additionally negative effects also occur on the physiological level, such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Among these diverse impacts is sleep disruption. In this review, we describe how prenatal alcohol exposure affects sleep, and potential mechanisms of those effects. Furthermore, we outline the evidence that sleep disruption across the lifespan may be a mediator of some cognitive and behavioral impacts of developmental alcohol exposure, and thus may represent a promising target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Wilson DA, Fleming G, Williams CRO, Teixeira CM, Smiley JF, Saito M. Somatostatin neuron contributions to cortical slow wave dysfunction in adult mice exposed to developmental ethanol. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1127711. [PMID: 37021136 PMCID: PMC10067632 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1127711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transitions between sleep and waking and sleep-dependent cortical oscillations are heavily dependent on GABAergic neurons. Importantly, GABAergic neurons are especially sensitive to developmental ethanol exposure, suggesting a potential unique vulnerability of sleep circuits to early ethanol. In fact, developmental ethanol exposure can produce long-lasting impairments in sleep, including increased sleep fragmentation and decreased delta wave amplitude. Here, we assessed the efficacy of optogenetic manipulations of somatostatin (SST) GABAergic neurons in the neocortex of adult mice exposed to saline or ethanol on P7, to modulate cortical slow-wave physiology. Methods SST-cre × Ai32 mice, which selectively express channel rhodopsin in SST neurons, were exposed to ethanol or saline on P7. This line expressed similar developmental ethanol induced loss of SST cortical neurons and sleep impairments as C57BL/6By mice. As adults, optical fibers were implanted targeting the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and telemetry electrodes were implanted in the neocortex to monitor slow-wave activity and sleep-wake states. Results Optical stimulation of PFC SST neurons evoked slow-wave potentials and long-latency single-unit excitation in saline treated mice but not in ethanol mice. Closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of PFC SST neuron activation on spontaneous slow-waves enhanced cortical delta oscillations, and this manipulation was more effective in saline mice than P7 ethanol mice. Discussion Together, these results suggest that SST cortical neurons may contribute to slow-wave impairment after developmental ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - G Fleming
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - C R O Williams
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - C M Teixeira
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - J F Smiley
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Dylag KA, Bando B, Baran Z, Dumnicka P, Kowalska K, Kulaga P, Przybyszewska K, Radlinski J, Roozen S, Curfs L. Sleep problems among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)- an explorative study. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:113. [PMID: 34001186 PMCID: PMC8127330 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a group of conditions resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Patients with FASD experience a variety of neuropsychological symptoms resulting from central nervous system impairment. Little is known about sleep disorders associated with PAE. The objective of this study was to investigate sleep problems related to FASD. METHODS Forty patients (median age 8 years (6; 11)) diagnosed with FASD and forty typically developing children (median age 10 years (8; 13)) were recruited for the 1st phase of the study. In the 1st phase, the screening of sleep problems was performed with Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) filled in by a caregiver. Those of the FASD group who scored above 41 points were qualified to the 2nd phase of the study and had an in-lab attended polysomnography (PSG) performed. The measurements consisted of electroencephalogram, electrooculograms, chin and tibial electromyogram, electrocardiogram, ventilatory monitoring, breathing effort, pulse oximetry, snoring and body position. Their results were compared to PSG laboratory reference data. RESULTS The number of participants with sleep disturbances was markedly higher in the FASD group as compared to typically developing children (55% vs. 20%). The age-adjusted odds ratio for a positive result in CSHQ was 4.31 (95% CI: 1.54-12.11; p = 0.005) for FASD patients as compared to the control group. Significant differences between the FASD as compared to the typically developing children were observed in the following subscales: sleep onset delay, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness. Children from the FASD group who underwent PSG experienced more arousals during the sleep as compared with the PSG laboratory reference data. The respiratory indices in FASD group appear higher than previously published data from typically developing children. CONCLUSION The results support the clinical observation that sleep disorders appear to be an important health problem in individuals with FASD. In particular distorted sleep architecture and apneic/hypopneic events need further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bożena Bando
- St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Baran
- National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka Branch, Prof. Jana Rudnika 3B, 34-700, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medical Diagnostics, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Kulaga
- St. Louis Children Hospital, Strzelecka 2, 31-503, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Radlinski
- National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka Branch, Prof. Jana Rudnika 3B, 34-700, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland
| | - Sylvia Roozen
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold Curfs
- Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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An investigation of the link between prenatal alcohol exposure and sleep problems across childhood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108412. [PMID: 33262002 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dose and frequency of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and sleep problems in children, after controlling for established risk factors for sleep problems. METHODS Data from the birth cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) was used. Mothers of 3447 children provided information on alcohol consumption during pregnancy, children's sleep problems from 2- to 9-years, and potential confounders associated with sleep problems. Children were classified into PAE groups based on distinct patterns of maternal drinking during pregnancy: abstinent, occasional, low, moderate, and heavy. The effect of PAE on the number and persistence of sleep problems across childhood (2-9 years) was examined. RESULTS After controlling for multiple covariates that impact sleep, children with heavy PAE had 1.13 more sleep problems across childhood (2-9 years) relative to children whose mothers were abstainers, in particular 0.37 more at 2- to 3-years (0.504, 95 % CI 0.053, 0.956), and 0.34 more at 6- to 7-years (0.847, 95 % CI 0.299, 1.396). Compared to children of abstainers, heavy PAE increases the probability of having persistent sleep problems from 2- to 9-years by 22.57 %. No negative associations between moderate or low PAE and sleep were observed. Parenting, family, economic, and child health factors also significantly affected child sleep. CONCLUSION Heavy PAE was associated with significantly more sleep problems across childhood and a higher probability of reporting persistent sleep problems, relative to children with no PAE. Implications for the understanding and management of sleep in young children with PAE and FASD are discussed.
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Post-exposure environment modulates long-term developmental ethanol effects on behavior, neuroanatomy, and cortical oscillations. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147128. [PMID: 32950485 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol has a wide range of anatomical, cellular, physiological and behavioral impacts that can last throughout life. In humans, this cluster of effects is termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and is highly prevalent in western cultures. The ultimate expression of the effects of developmental ethanol exposure however can be influenced by post-exposure experience. Here we examined the effects of developmental binge exposure to ethanol (postnatal day 7) in C57BL/6By mice on a specific cohort of inter-related long-term outcomes including contextual memory, hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing neuron density, frontal cortex oscillations related to sleep-wake cycling including delta oscillation amplitude and sleep spindle density, and home-cage behavioral activity. When assessed in adults that were raised in standard housing, all of these factors were altered by early ethanol exposure compared to saline controls except home-cage activity. However, exposure to an enriched environment and exercise from weaning to postnatal day 90 reversed most of these ethanol-induced impairments including memory, CA1 but not dentate gyrus PV+ cell density, delta oscillations and sleep spindles, and enhanced home-cage behavioral activity in Saline- but not EtOH-treated mice. The results are discussed in terms of the inter-dependence of diverse developmental ethanol outcomes and potential mechanisms of post-exposure experiences to regulate those outcomes.
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Ipsiroglu OS, Wind K, Hung YHA, Berger M, Chan F, Yu W, Stockler S, Weinberg J. Prenatal alcohol exposure and sleep-wake behaviors: exploratory and naturalistic observations in the clinical setting and in an animal model. Sleep Med 2019; 54:101-112. [PMID: 30530254 PMCID: PMC7343292 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical research and studies using animal models have revealed a complex and relatively under-explored interaction between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and alterations in sleep-wake behaviors. OBJECTIVES To utilize a structured naturalistic observation-based methodology, consisting of descriptive elements, to provide insight into possible links between altered sleep and disruptive daytime presentations in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). To apply a similar structured behavioral observation protocol in a PAE animal model to compare outcomes from the experimental and clinical studies utilizing naturalistic observational methodology. METHODS Forty pediatric patients with FASD (1.8-17.5 yrs, median age 9.4 yrs) and chronic sleep problems were assessed. In the PAE animal model, male offspring from PAE, Pair-Fed (PF), and ad libitum-fed Control (C) groups (n = 8/group) were assessed in the juvenile/preadolescent (23-25 days of age) and adolescent/pubertal (35-36 days of age) periods. RESULTS In the clinical setting, we found that 95% of children with FASD showed disruptive or externalizing behaviors, 73% showed internalizing behaviors, 93% had circadian rhythm sleep disorders, all had chronic insomnia, and 85% had restless sleep, often with tossing/turning/kicking movements indicative of non-restorative sleep with hypermotor events. In the daytime, individuals showed excessive daytime sleepiness as well as hyperactive/hyperkinetic behaviors, an urge-to-move, and involuntary movements suggestive of hyperarousability. Alterations in sleep/wake behaviors in the PAE animal model paralleled the clinical data in many aspects, demonstrating greater sleep latencies, less total time asleep, more total time awake and longer awake bouts, more position changes, more time in transition, and longer transition bouts in PAE compared to PF and/or control animals. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our findings provide support for the power and validity of naturalistic observational paradigms in revealing dysregulated sleep-wake behaviors and their association and/or exacerbating relationship with day and nighttime behavioral problems, such as disruptive behaviors, externalizing and internalizing disorders, and daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman S Ipsiroglu
- Sleep/Wake-Behavior Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics/Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Katarina Wind
- Sleep/Wake-Behavior Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi-Hsuan Amy Hung
- Sleep/Wake-Behavior Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mai Berger
- Sleep/Wake-Behavior Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Forson Chan
- Sleep/Wake-Behavior Research Lab, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wayne Yu
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvia Stockler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biochemical Diseases, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Inkelis SM, Thomas JD. Sleep in Infants and Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:10.1111/acer.13803. [PMID: 29852534 PMCID: PMC6274610 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to alcohol can result in a range of neurobehavioral impairments and physical abnormalities. The term "fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)" encompasses the outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the most severe of which is fetal alcohol syndrome. These effects have lifelong consequences, placing a significant burden on affected individuals, caregivers, and communities. Caregivers of affected children often report that their child has sleep problems, and many symptoms of sleep deprivation overlap with the cognitive and behavioral deficits characteristic of FASD. Alcohol-exposed infants and children demonstrate poor sleep quality based on measures of electroencephalography, actigraphy, and questionnaires. These sleep studies indicate a common theme of disrupted sleep pattern, more frequent awakenings, and reduced total sleep time. However, relatively little is known about circadian rhythm disruption and the neurobehavioral correlates of sleep disturbance in individuals with PAE. Furthermore, there is limited information available to healthcare providers about identification and treatment of sleep disorders in patients with FASD. This review consolidates the findings from studies of infant and pediatric sleep in this population, providing an overview of typical sleep characteristics, neurobehavioral correlates of sleep disruption, and potential avenues for intervention in the context of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Inkelis
- Center for Behavioral Teratology (SMI, JDT), San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer D Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology (SMI, JDT), San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Wilson DA, Masiello K, Lewin MP, Hui M, Smiley JF, Saito M. Developmental ethanol exposure-induced sleep fragmentation predicts adult cognitive impairment. Neuroscience 2016; 322:18-27. [PMID: 26892295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure can lead to long-lasting cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, and emotional dysregulation among other problems. In healthy adults, sleep plays an important role in each of these behavioral manifestations. Here we explored circadian rhythms (activity, temperature) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) in adult mice that had received a single day of EtOH exposure on postnatal day 7 and saline littermate controls. We tested for correlations between slow-wave activity and both contextual fear conditioning and hyperactivity. Developmental EtOH resulted in adult hyperactivity within the home cage compared to controls but did not significantly modify circadian cycles in activity or temperature. It also resulted in reduced and fragmented SWS, including reduced slow-wave bout duration and increased slow-wave/fast-wave transitions over 24-h periods. In the same animals, developmental EtOH exposure also resulted in impaired contextual fear conditioning memory. The impairment in memory was significantly correlated with SWS fragmentation. Furthermore, EtOH-treated animals did not display a post-training modification in SWS which occurred in controls. In contrast to the memory impairment, sleep fragmentation was not correlated with the developmental EtOH-induced hyperactivity. Together these results suggest that disruption of SWS and its plasticity are a secondary contributor to a subset of developmental EtOH exposure's long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Wilson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.
| | - K Masiello
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - M P Lewin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Sackler Neuroscience Graduate Program, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Hui
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - J F Smiley
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Saito
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Stettner GM, Kubin L, Volgin DV. Loss of motoneurons in the ventral compartment of the rat hypoglossal nucleus following early postnatal exposure to alcohol. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 52:87-94. [PMID: 23932955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal alcohol exposure (AE) has multiple detrimental effects on cognitive and various behavioral outcomes, but little is known about its impact on the autonomic functions. In a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), we investigated neurochemical and neuroanatomical alterations in two brainstem nuclei, the hypoglossal nucleus (XIIn) and the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (Xdn). One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6) received 2.625 g/kg ethanol intragastrically twice daily on postnatal days (PD) 4-9, a period equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy, and another group (n=6) was sham-intubated. On PD 18-19, the rats were perfused and medullary sections were immunohistochemically processed for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or two aminergic receptors that mediate excitatory drive to motoneurons, α₁-adrenergic (α₁-R) and serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)-R), and c-Fos. Based on ChAT labeling, AE rats had reduced numbers of motoneurons in the ventral XIIn (XIIn-v; 35.4±1.3 motoneurons per side and section vs. 40.0±1.2, p=0.022), but not in the dorsal XIIn or Xdn. Consistent with ChAT data, both the numbers of α₁-R-labeled motoneurons in the XIIn-v and the area of the XIIn-v measured using 5-HT(2A)-R staining were significantly smaller in AE rats (19.7±1.5 vs. 25.0±1.4, p=0.031 and 0.063 mm² ±0.002 vs. 0.074±0.002, p=0.002, respectively). Concurrently, both 5-HT(2A)-R and c-Fos staining tended to be higher in AE rats, suggesting an increased activation. Thus, postnatal AE causes motoneuronal loss in the XIIn-v. This may compromise upper airway control and contribute to increased risk of upper airway obstructions and sudden infant death in FASD victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg M Stettner
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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