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White SW, Squires GD, Smith SJ, Wright GM, Sufka KJ, Rimoldi JM, Gadepalli RS. Anxiolytic-like effects of an mGluR 5 antagonist and a mGluR 2/3 agonist, and antidepressant-like effects of an mGluR 7 agonist in the chick social separation stress test, a dual-drug screening model of treatment-resistant depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173588. [PMID: 37348610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of glutamate receptors has demonstrated anxiolytic and/or antidepressant effects in rodent stress models. The chick social-separation stress paradigm exposes socially raised aves to an isolation stressor which elicits distress vocalizations (DVocs) in an attempt to re-establish contact. The model presents a state of panic during the first 5 min followed by a state of behavioral despair during the last 60 to 90 min. Making it useful as a dual anxiolytic/antidepressant screening assay. Further research has identified the Black Australorp strain as a stress-vulnerable, treatment-resistant, and ketamine-sensitive genetic line. Utilizing this genetic line, we sought to evaluate modulation of glutamatergic receptors for potential anxiolytic and/or antidepressant effects. Separate dose-response studies were conducted for the following drugs: the AMPA PAM LY392098, the mGluR 5 antagonist MPEP, the mGluR 2/3 agonist LY404039, the mGluR 2/3 antagonist LY341495, and the mGluR 7 agonist AMN082. The norepinephrine α2 agonist clonidine and the NMDA antagonist ketamine were included as comparison for anxiolytic (anti-panic) and antidepressant effects, respectively. As in previous studies, clonidine reduced DVoc rates during the first 5 min (attenuation of panic) and ketamine elevated DVoc rates (attenuation of behavioral despair) during the last 60 min of isolation. The mGluR 2/3 agonist LY404039 and the mGluR 5 antagonist MPEP decreased DVoc rates during the first 5 min of isolation indicative of anxiolytic effects like that of clonidine while the mGluR 7 agonist AMN082 elevated DVoc rates in the later hour of isolation, representative of antidepressant effects like that of ketamine. Collectively, these findings suggest that certain glutamate targets may be clinically useful in treating panic disorder and/or treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W White
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, United States of America.
| | - Gwendolyn D Squires
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, United States of America
| | - Sequioa J Smith
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn M Wright
- Department of Psychology & Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J Sufka
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, United States of America; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John M Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Rama S Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America
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Yang Y, Cong W, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu P, Han W, Wang D, Zhao R. Constant light in early life induces fear-related behavior in chickens with suppressed melatonin secretion and disrupted hippocampal expression of clock- and BDNF-associated genes. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 35729672 PMCID: PMC9215013 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light management plays an important role in the growth and behavior of broiler chickens. Constant light in early post hatch stage has been a common practice in broiler industry for improving growth performance, while whether and how constant light in early life affects the behavior of broiler chickens is rarely reported. Results In this study, newly hatched chicks were kept in either constant (24 L:0 D, LL) or (12 L:12 D, LD) photoperiod for 7 d and then maintained in 12 L:12 D thereafter until 21 days of age. Constant light increased the average daily feed intake but not the body weight, which led to higher feed conversion ratio. Chickens in LL group exhibited fear-related behaviors, which was associated with higher corticosterone, lower melatonin and 5-HT levels. Concurrently, constant light exposure increased the mRNA expression of clock-related genes and suppressed the expression of antioxidative genes in the hippocampus. Moreover, brain derived neurotrophic factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (BDNF/ERK) pathway was suppressed in the hippocampus of chickens exposed to constant light in the first week post hatching. Conclusions These findings indicate that constant light exposure in early life suppress melatonin secretion and disrupts hippocampal expression of genes involved in circadian clock and BDNF/ERK pathway, thereby contributing to fear-related behaviors in the chicken. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00720-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindie Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirong Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Hymel KA, Salmeto AL, Loria MJ, White SW, Sufka KJ. Strain vulnerability and resiliency in the chick anxiety-depression model. Physiol Behav 2013; 120:124-9. [PMID: 23911807 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing research is focused on genetic contributions to variability in stress-related endophenotypes in humans and animal model simulations. The current study sought to identify strain vulnerabilities and resiliencies to an isolation-stressor in the chick anxiety-depression model. Nine different strains of socially raised chicks were tested in isolated or non-isolated conditions for 90 min in which distress vocalization (DVoc) rates were collected and then transformed to depression-like phase threshold (@ 25, 50, 75 and 95%) latencies. In general, chicks in the non-isolated condition displayed relatively low DVoc rates throughout the test session, despite some variability in initial rates. Chicks in the isolated condition displayed relatively high DVoc rates in the first 3 min, indicative of an anxiety-like state, which declined by approximately 50% within 10-25 min in all strains and remained stable thereafter, indicative of a depression-like state. Contrast effects revealed that, relative to all other strains, the Black Australorp strain displayed shorter and the Producrain displayed longer depression threshold latencies, respectively. Of the remaining strains, the Silver Laced Wyandotte displayed depression thresholds that best represent an intermediate stress response. These findings identify vulnerable and resilient strains for examining depression-related endophenotypes in the chick anxiety-depression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Hymel
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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