1
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Long X, Deng B, Shen R, Yang L, Chen L, Ran Q, Du X, Zhang SJ. Border cells without theta rhythmicity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321614121. [PMID: 38857401 PMCID: PMC11194599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321614121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain structure for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and goal-directed behavior, many of which require awareness of spatial variables including one's current position within the surrounding environment. Although previous studies have reported spatially tuned activities in mPFC during memory-related trajectory, the spatial tuning of mPFC network during freely foraging behavior remains elusive. Here, we reveal geometric border or border-proximal representations from the neural activity of mPFC ensembles during naturally exploring behavior, with both allocentric and egocentric boundary responses. Unlike most of classical border cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) discharging along a single wall, a large majority of border cells in mPFC fire particularly along four walls. mPFC border cells generate new firing fields to external insert, and remain stable under darkness, across distinct shapes, and in novel environments. In contrast to hippocampal theta entrainment during spatial working memory tasks, mPFC border cells rarely exhibited theta rhythmicity during spontaneous locomotion behavior. These findings reveal spatially modulated activity in mPFC, supporting local computation for cognitive functions involving spatial context and contributing to a broad spatial tuning property of cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Qingxia Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
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2
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Rossato JI, Radiske A, Gonzalez MC, Apolinário G, de Araújo RL, Bevilaqua LR, Cammarota M. NMDARs control object recognition memory destabilization and reconsolidation. Brain Res Bull 2023; 197:42-48. [PMID: 37011815 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Object recognition memory (ORM) allows identification of previously encountered items and is therefore crucial for remembering episodic information. In rodents, reactivation during recall in the presence of a novel object destabilizes ORM and initiates a Zif268 and protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation process in the hippocampus that links the memory of this object to the reactivated recognition trace. Hippocampal NMDA receptors (NMDARs) modulate Zif268 expression and protein synthesis and regulate memory stability but their possible involvement in the ORM destabilization/reconsolidation cycle has yet to be analyzed in detail. We found that, in adult male Wistar rats, intra dorsal-CA1 administration of the non-subunit selective NMDAR antagonist AP5, or of the GluN2A subunit-containing NMDAR antagonist TCN201, 5min after an ORM reactivation session in the presence of a novel object carried out 24h post-training impaired retention 24h later. In contrast, pre-reactivation administration of the GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR antagonist RO25-6981 had no effect on ORM recall or retention but impeded the amnesia caused by Zif268 silencing and protein synthesis inhibition in dorsal CA1. Our results indicate that GluN2B-containing hippocampal NMDARs are necessary for ORM destabilization whereas GluN2A-containing NMDARs are involved in ORM reconsolidation, and suggest that modulation of the relative activity of these receptor subtypes during recall regulates ORM persistence.
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3
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Terstege DJ, Epp JR. Network Neuroscience Untethered: Brain-Wide Immediate Early Gene Expression for the Analysis of Functional Connectivity in Freely Behaving Animals. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010034. [PMID: 36671727 PMCID: PMC9855808 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying how spatially discrete neuroanatomical regions across the brain interact is critical to advancing our understanding of the brain. Traditional neuroimaging techniques have led to many important discoveries about the nature of these interactions, termed functional connectivity. However, in animal models these traditional neuroimaging techniques have generally been limited to anesthetized or head-fixed setups or examination of small subsets of neuroanatomical regions. Using the brain-wide expression density of immediate early genes (IEG), we can assess brain-wide functional connectivity underlying a wide variety of behavioural tasks in freely behaving animal models. Here, we provide an overview of the necessary steps required to perform IEG-based analyses of functional connectivity. We also outline important considerations when designing such experiments and demonstrate the implications of these considerations using an IEG-based network dataset generated for the purpose of this review.
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4
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Deibel SH, Higdon S, Cassell TTS, House-Denine ML, Giberson E, Webb IC, Thorpe CM. Impaired Morris water task retention following T21 light dark cycle exposure is not due to reduced hippocampal c-FOS expression. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1025388. [PMID: 36311860 PMCID: PMC9596763 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1025388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior. This is problematic when circadian rhythms no longer reliably predict time. Circadian rhythm disruption can impair memory, yet we don’t know how this fully works at the systems and molecular level. When trying to determine the root of a memory impairment, assessing neuronal activation with c-FOS is useful. This has yet to be assessed in the hippocampi of circadian rhythm disrupted rats in a hippocampal gold standard task. Rats were trained on the Morris water task (MWT), then received 6 days of a 21-h day (T21), 13 days of a normal light dark cycle, probe trial, and tissue extraction an hour later. Despite having impaired memory in the probe trial, compared to controls there were no differences in c-FOS expression in hippocampal sub regions: CA1; CA3; Dentate gyrus. These data confirm others in hamsters demonstrating that arrhythmicity which produces an impairment in spontaneous alternation does not affect c-FOS in the dentate gyrus. The current study indicates that the memory impairment induced by a lighting manipulation is likely not due to attenuated neuronal activation. Determining how the master clock in the brain communicates with the hippocampus is needed to untangle the relationship between circadian rhythms and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Deibel
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott H. Deibel,
| | - S. Higdon
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - T. T. S. Cassell
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - M. L. House-Denine
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - E. Giberson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - I. C. Webb
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - C. M. Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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5
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Mahringer D, Zmarz P, Okuno H, Bito H, Keller GB. Functional correlates of immediate early gene expression in mouse visual cortex. PEER COMMUNITY JOURNAL 2022; 2:e45. [PMID: 37091727 PMCID: PMC7614465 DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During visual development, response properties of layer 2/3 neurons in visual cortex are shaped by experience. Both visual and visuomotor experience are necessary to co-ordinate the integration of bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input. Whether visual and visuomotor experience engage different plasticity mechanisms, possibly associated with the two separate input pathways, is still unclear. To begin addressing this, we measured the expression level of three different immediate early genes (IEG) (c-fos, egr1 or Arc) and neuronal activity in layer 2/3 neurons of visual cortex before and after a mouse's first visual exposure in life, and subsequent visuomotor learning. We found that expression levels of all three IEGs correlated positively with neuronal activity, but that first visual and first visuomotor exposure resulted in differential changes in IEG expression patterns. In addition, IEG expression levels differed depending on whether neurons exhibited primarily visually driven or motor-related activity. Neurons with strong motor-related activity preferentially expressed EGR1, while neurons that developed strong visually driven activity preferentially expressed Arc. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that bottom-up visual input and top-down motor-related input are associated with different IEG expression patterns and hence possibly also with different plasticity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mahringer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Zmarz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Georg B Keller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Patai EZ, Spiers HJ. The Versatile Wayfinder: Prefrontal Contributions to Spatial Navigation. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:520-533. [PMID: 33752958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports decision-making, goal tracking, and planning. Spatial navigation is a behavior that taxes these cognitive processes, yet the role of the PFC in models of navigation has been largely overlooked. In humans, activity in dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC) during detours, reveal a role in inhibition and replanning. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is implicated in planning and spontaneous internally-generated changes of route. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) integrates representations of the environment with the value of actions, providing a 'map' of possible decisions. In rodents, medial frontal areas interact with hippocampus during spatial decisions and switching between navigation strategies. In reviewing these advances, we provide a framework for how different prefrontal regions may contribute to different stages of navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zita Patai
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK; Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language sciences, University College London, UK.
| | - Hugo J Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language sciences, University College London, UK.
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7
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Memory-specific correlated neuronal activity in higher-order auditory regions of a parrot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1618. [PMID: 33452344 PMCID: PMC7810846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Male budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are open-ended learners that can learn to produce new vocalisations as adults. We investigated neuronal activation in male budgerigars using the expression of the protein products of the immediate early genes zenk and c-fos in response to exposure to conspecific contact calls (CCs: that of the mate or an unfamiliar female) in three subregions (CMM, dNCM and vNCM) of the caudomedial pallium, a higher order auditory region. Significant positive correlations of Zenk expression were found between these subregions after exposure to mate CCs. In contrast, exposure to CCs of unfamiliar females produced no such correlations. These results suggest the presence of a CC-specific association among the subregions involved in auditory memory. The caudomedial pallium of the male budgerigar may have functional subdivisions that cooperate in the neuronal representation of auditory memory.
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8
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Barnett S, Parr-Brownlie L, Perry B, Young C, Wicky H, Hughes S, McNaughton N, Dalrymple-Alford J. Anterior thalamic nuclei neurons sustain memory. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100022. [PMID: 36246504 PMCID: PMC9559952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hippocampal-diencephalic-cortical network supports memory function. The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) form a key anatomical hub within this system. Consistent with this, injury to the mammillary body-ATN axis is associated with examples of clinical amnesia. However, there is only limited and indirect support that the output of ATN neurons actively enhances memory. Here, in rats, we first showed that mammillothalamic tract (MTT) lesions caused a persistent impairment in spatial working memory. MTT lesions also reduced rhythmic electrical activity across the memory system. Next, we introduced 8.5 Hz optogenetic theta-burst stimulation of the ATN glutamatergic neurons. The exogenously-triggered, regular pattern of stimulation produced an acute and substantial improvement of spatial working memory in rats with MTT lesions and enhanced rhythmic electrical activity. Neither behaviour nor rhythmic activity was affected by endogenous stimulation derived from the dorsal hippocampus. Analysis of immediate early gene activity, after the rats foraged for food in an open field, showed that exogenously-triggered ATN stimulation also increased Zif268 expression across memory-related structures. These findings provide clear evidence that increased ATN neuronal activity supports memory. They suggest that ATN-focused gene therapy may be feasible to counter clinical amnesia associated with dysfunction in the mammillary body-ATN axis. The mammillothalamic tract (MTT) supports neural activity in an extended memory system. Optogenetic activation of neurons in the anterior thalamus acutely improves memory after MTT lesions. Rescued memory associates with system-wide neuronal activation and enhanced EEG. Anterior thalamus actively sustains memory and is a feasible therapeutic target.
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9
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NavWell: A simplified virtual-reality platform for spatial navigation and memory experiments. Behav Res Methods 2020; 52:1189-1207. [PMID: 31637666 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Being able to navigate, recall important locations, and find the way home are critical skills, essential for survival for both humans and animals. These skills can be examined in the laboratory using the Morris water maze, often considered the gold standard test of animal navigation. In this task, animals are required to locate and recall the location of an escape platform hidden in a pool filled with water. Because animals can not see the platform directly, they must use various landmarks in the environment to escape. With recent advances in technology and virtual reality (VR), many tasks originally used in the animal literature can now be translated for human studies. The virtual water maze task is no exception. However, a number of issues are associated with these mazes, including cost, lack of flexibility, and lack of standardization in terms of experimental designs and procedures. Here we present a virtual water maze system (NavWell) that is readily downloadable and free to use. The system allows for the easy design of experiments and the testing of participants on a desktop computer or fully immersive VR environment. The data from four independent experiments are presented in order to validate the software. From these experiments, a set of procedures for use with a number of well-known memory tests is suggested. This potentially can help with the standardization of navigational research and with navigational testing in the clinic or in an educational environment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the software and plans for its development and future use.
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10
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Farina FR, Commins S. Hippocampal and prefrontal contributions to memory retrieval: Examination of immediate early gene, NMDA receptor and environmental interactions. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2982-2994. [PMID: 32365416 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Animals can use a range of strategies to recall important locations. These include simple stimulus-response strategies and more complex spatial (place) strategies, which are thought to have distinct neural substrates. The hippocampus-and NMDA receptor activation therein-is considered to be crucial for spatial, but not response strategies. The medial prefrontal cortex has also been implicated in memory retrieval; however, evidence concerning its specific role is equivocal. Both hippocampal and prefrontal regions have been associated with flexible behavioural responding (e.g. when task demands change). Here, we investigated the use of spatial and non-spatial strategies in the Morris water maze and their associated brain areas in rats using immediate early gene (IEG) imaging of Zif268 and c-Fos. Specifically, we charted the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal subregions during retrieval of spatial and non-spatial memories. Behavioural flexibility was also examined using intact and partial cue configurations during recall. Results indicated that regions of both the hippocampus (area CA3) and prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate cortex) were preferentially engaged in spatial memory recall compared to response learning. In addition, both spatial and non-spatial memories were dependent on NMDA receptor activation. MK801 impaired recall performance across all groups and reduced IEG activation across hippocampal and prefrontal regions. Finally, IEG results revealed divergent patterns of Zif268 and c-Fos activity and support the suggestion that Zif268 plays a functional role in the recall of long-term memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Farina
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seán Commins
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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11
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Effects of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801, on spatial memory and influence of the route of administration. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Dedic N, Kühne C, Gomes KS, Hartmann J, Ressler KJ, Schmidt MV, Deussing JM. Deletion of CRH From GABAergic Forebrain Neurons Promotes Stress Resilience and Dampens Stress-Induced Changes in Neuronal Activity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:986. [PMID: 31619956 PMCID: PMC6763571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system has been implicated in stress-related psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. Although most studies have linked CRH/CRH receptor 1 signaling to aversive, stress-like behavior, recent work has revealed a crucial role for distinct CRH circuits in maintaining positive emotional valence and appetitive responses under baseline conditions. Here we addressed whether deletion of CRH, specifically from GABAergic forebrain neurons (Crh CKO-GABA mice) differentially affects general behavior under baseline and chronic stress conditions. Expression mapping in Crh CK O-GABA mice revealed absence of Crh in GABAergic neurons of the cortex and limbic regions including the hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, but not in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. Consequently, conditional CRH knockout animals exhibited no alterations in circadian and stress-induced corticosterone release compared to controls. Under baseline conditions, absence of Crh from forebrain GABAergic neurons resulted in social interaction deficits but had no effect on other behavioral measures including locomotion, anxiety, immobility in the forced swim test, acoustic startle response and fear conditioning. Interestingly, following exposure to chronic social defeat stress, Crh CKO-GABA mice displayed a resilient phenotype, which was accompanied by a dampened, stress-induced expression of immediate early genes c-fos and zif268 in several brain regions. Collectively our data reveals the requirement of GABAergic CRH circuits in maintaining appropriate social behavior in naïve animals and further supports the ability of CRH to promote divergent behavioral states under baseline and severe stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dedic
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Kühne
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina S Gomes
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Paulista State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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13
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Hou J, Shen Q, Wan X, Zhao B, Wu Y, Xia Z. REM sleep deprivation-induced circadian clock gene abnormalities participate in hippocampal-dependent memory impairment by enhancing inflammation in rats undergoing sevoflurane inhalation. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:167-176. [PMID: 30779975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance can result in memory impairment, and both sleep and hippocampal memory formation are maintained by circadian clock genes. Although preoperative sleep deprivation is known to be an independent risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after inhalation anesthesia, the circadian mechanisms involved are currently unclear. To examine this issue, we constructed models of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (RSD) and POCD after sevoflurane inhalation, to evaluate the circadian mechanisms underlying preoperative sleep deprivation-induced POCD after sevoflurane inhalation. Morris water maze probe test performance revealed that RSD aggravated the hippocampal-dependent memory impairment induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, and the recovery period of memory impairment was prolonged for more than a week by sleep deprivation. Western blot analysis revealed that sleep deprivation inhibited hippocampal Bmal1 and Egr1 expression for more than 7 days after sevoflurane inhalation. Importantly, hippocampal Per2 expression levels were first decreased by sevoflurane inhalation then increased from the third day by sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation enhanced the expression of hippocampal inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 after sevoflurane inhalation. In addition, sevoflurane inhalation activated the plasma expression of S100β and IL-6, particularly after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation aggravated pathogenic impairment of pyramidal neurons and activated astrocytes in CA1 after sevoflurane inhalation. These results suggest that preoperative RSD aggravates hippocampal memory impairment by enhancing neuroinflammatory injuries after sevoflurane inhalation, which is related to hippocampal clock gene abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qianni Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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14
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Liu L, Xuan C, Shen P, He T, Chang Y, Shi L, Tao S, Yu Z, Brown RE, Wang J. Hippocampal Mechanisms Underlying Impairment in Spatial Learning Long After Establishment of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in CBA Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 30087600 PMCID: PMC6066960 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been demonstrated in many clinical reports as a risk factor that promotes the development of cognitive impairment. However, the underlying neurological mechanisms are not clear. Noise exposure is one of the most common causes of SNHL. Although noise exposure causes relatively less damage to general health as compared with other methods for creating hearing loss (such as ototoxicity), it does impair cognitive function. Many studies have shown that the noise-induced cognitive impairment occur via the oxidative stress induced by the noise. In those studies, the effects of the noise-induced hearing loss induced (NIHL) were not addressed. Previously, we have demonstrated in the CBA/CaJ mouse model that oxidative stress was transient after a brief noise exposure, but the NIHL was permanent. In addition, NIHL was followed by a declined cognitive function and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis that were developed long after the oxidative stress disappeared. Therefore, NIHL can cause cognitive impairment independent of its stress effect and can serve as a model to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and the development of cognitive impairment. In the present study, we further demonstrated that the oxidative stress produced by the brief noise exposure did not damage the stem cell bank of hippocampus that was evaluated shortly after the noise exposure. In addition to the reduction in the rate of cell proliferation in hippocampus that was found previously, we found that the NIHL significantly reduced the promoting effect of learning activity on various stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, accompanied by the reduction in learning-induced expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in hippocampus. Since the MWM-tested spatial function does not directly require auditory input, the results provide evidence for the maintenance role of auditory input on the cognitive function; the reduction of IEG expression that is required in memory-formation may be the initial step in blocking the effect of learning activity on neurogenesis in subjects with NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanying Xuan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting He
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Tao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Communication Science and Disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Robinson-Drummer PA, Chakraborty T, Heroux NA, Rosen JB, Stanton ME. Age and experience dependent changes in Egr-1 expression during the ontogeny of the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE). Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 150:1-12. [PMID: 29452227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a variant of contextual fear conditioning in which acquisition of the contextual representation and association of the retrieved contextual memory with an immediate foot-shock are separated by 24 h. During the CPFE, learning- related expression patterns of the early growth response-1 gene (Egr-1) vary based on training phase and brain sub-region in adult and adolescent rats (Asok, Schreiber, Jablonski, Rosen, & Stanton, 2013; Schreiber, Asok, Jablonski, Rosen, & Stanton, 2014; Chakraborty, Asok, Stanton, & Rosen, 2016). The current experiments extended our previous findings by examining Egr-1 expression in infant (PD17) and juvenile (PD24) rats during the CPFE using preexposure protocols involving single-exposure (SE) or multiple-exposure (ME) to context. Following a 5 min preexposure to the training context (i.e. the SE protocol), Egr-1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) was differentially increased in PD24 rats relative to PD17 rats. In contrast, increased Egr-1 expression following an immediate foot-shock (2s, 1.5 mA) did not differ between PD17 and PD24 rats, and was not learning-related. Interestingly, increasing the number of exposures to the training chamber on the preexposure day (i.e. ME protocol) altered training-day expression such that a learning-related increase in expression was observed in the mPFC in PD24 but not PD17 rats. Together, these results illustrate a clear maturation of Egr-1 expression that is both age- and experience-dependent. In addition, the data suggest that regional activity and plasticity within the mPFC on the preexposure but not the training day may contribute to the ontogenetic profile of the effect. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the causal role of sub-region-specific neuroplasticity in the ontogeny of the CPFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Robinson-Drummer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - T Chakraborty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - N A Heroux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - J B Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - M E Stanton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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Perry BAL, Mercer SA, Barnett SC, Lee J, Dalrymple-Alford JC. Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions have a greater impact than mammillothalamic tract lesions on the extended hippocampal system. Hippocampus 2017; 28:121-135. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brook A. L. Perry
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Stephanie A. Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Otago; Dunedin
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sophie C. Barnett
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jungah Lee
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Psychology; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, co-hosted by Auckland and Otago Universities; Auckland New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute; Christchurch New Zealand
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Wang Y, Han S, Han R, Su Y, Li J. Propofol-induced downregulation of NR2B membrane translocation in hippocampus and spatial memory deficits of neonatal mice. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00734. [PMID: 28729940 PMCID: PMC5516608 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of infants and children are undergoing anesthesia around the world every day. But impacts of anesthetics on the developing neural system remain unclear yet. Previous evidence showed that anesthesia might affect the developing neural system. Thus, early-life anesthesia becomes a critical issue in clinical pediatric practice. Hence, propofol, a short-acting and widely applied intravenous anesthetic, has been gaining focus upon neonatal anesthesia. METHODS Fifty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into following three groups: group D6 intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected propofol (100 mg/kg body weight) once a day from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P11, group D1 administrated propofol (100 mg/kg, i.p.) at P6 solely and administrated normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P7 to P11, and group N treated with normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.) from P6 to P11 as the control (n = 18 per group). Then, at P28, nine mice were collected randomly from each group for NR2B membrane translocation and phosphorylation analysis, and the rest half in each group were assigned to perform Morris water maze tests from P28 to P35. RESULTS Results showed that total protein expression levels of NR2B increased (p < .001) while its membrane translocation decreased (p < .001, n = 9 per group) in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal mice after repeated propofol administration. Phosphorylation levels of NR2B at serine 1303 (D1: p < .05; D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) and serine 1480 (D1: p < .01, D6: p < .001, n = 9 per group) increased significantly as well in the hippocampus compared with group N. In addition, memory deficits (p < .05, n = 9 per group) were observed in Morris water maze tests of group D6 mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that propofol exposure downregulates NR2B membrane translocation and causes spatial memory deficits, with a mediated increased NR2B protein expression and phosphorylation at Ser1303/1480 residues in the hippocampus of neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ruquan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Wei Q, Zhang H, Ma S, Guo D. Sex- and age-related differences inc-fosexpression in dog olfactory bulbs. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinguo Wei
- College of life science; Qufu Normal University; Jingxuan West Street No. 57 Qufu Shandong 273165 China
- Department of Biotechnology; Weifang Business Vocational College; Phoenix Road No. 1600 Zhucheng Shandong 262234 China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of life science; Qufu Normal University; Jingxuan West Street No. 57 Qufu Shandong 273165 China
| | - Shisheng Ma
- College of life science; Qufu Normal University; Jingxuan West Street No. 57 Qufu Shandong 273165 China
| | - Dongge Guo
- College of life science; Qufu Normal University; Jingxuan West Street No. 57 Qufu Shandong 273165 China
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Wang H, Peng RY. Basic roles of key molecules connected with NMDAR signaling pathway on regulating learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. Mil Med Res 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27583167 PMCID: PMC5006437 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-016-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation (LTP) to synaptic plasticity, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied. Some molecules, such as Ca(2+), postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein (CREB), are of special importance in learning and memory. This review mainly focused on the new research of key molecules connected with learning and memory, which played important roles in the NMDAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
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