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Kong W, Sun X, Yu S, Liu P, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhu L, Jiang T, Jin M, Gao J, Fan X, Liu X, Liu L. Bile duct ligation increased dopamine levels in the cerebral cortex of rats partly due to induction of tyrosine hydroxylase. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36692417 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver failure is associated with psychiatric alterations, partly resulting from the increased brain dopamine levels. We investigated the relationship between increased dopamine levels and mental abnormalities using bile duct ligation (BDL) rats and the mechanism by which liver failure increased dopamine levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Behavioural tests were carried out on day 13 and 27 following BDL, along with measurements of dopamine and metabolites, expressions of enzymes and transporters related to dopamine metabolism, and its transport into the cortex and the hippocampus. SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate whether NH4 Cl, bile acids and bilirubin affected expression of tyrosine hydroxylase or not. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in SH-SY5Y cells co-incubated with bilirubin and signal pathway inhibitors was measured. KEY RESULTS Open-field test results demonstrated BDL rats showed anxiety-like behaviour, accompanied by increased dopamine levels and expression of TH protein in the cortex. Membrane bound long form (MB)-COMT, slightly but significantly decreased. SH-SY5Y cells indicated that increased bilirubin levels was a factor in inducing TH expression. Both inhibitor of NF-κB pathway BAY 11-7082 and silencing NF-κB p65 reversed bilirubin-induced upregulation of TH protein. NF-κB activator TNF-α increased expression of TH protein. Roles of bilirubin in increases of TH protein expressions and dopamine levels were measured using hyperbilirubinemia rats. Anxiety-like behaviour, was associated with increased dopamine levels and TH protein expressions in hyperbilirubinemia rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BDL significantly increased dopamine levels in rat cortex partly due to bilirubin-mediated TH induction. Increased bilirubin induced TH expression via activating NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peihua Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The first-affiliated hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxin Jiang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Kim YK, Jung YS, Song J. Transcriptome Profile in the Mouse Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010675. [PMID: 36614117 PMCID: PMC9821016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a chronic metabolic disease accompanied by neuropathological and neuropsychiatric features, including memory deficits, psychomotor dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of fibrillary tangles, hippocampus atrophy, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested a positive correlation between HE and AD. Some studies reported that an impaired cholesterol pathway, abnormal bile acid secretion, excessive ammonia level, impaired Aβ clearance, astrocytic dysfunction, and abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid GABAergic neuronal signaling in HE may also be involved in AD pathology. However, the mechanisms and related genes involved in AD-like pathology in the HE brain are unclear. Thus, we compared the cortical transcriptome profile between an HE mouse model, bile duct ligation (BDL), and an AD mouse model, the 5×FAD. Our study showed that the expression of many genes implicated in HE is associated with neuronal dysfunction in AD mice. We found changes in various protein-coding RNAs, implicated in synapses, neurogenesis, neuron projection, neuron differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, and non-coding RNAs possibly associated with neuropathology. Our data provide an important resource for further studies to elucidate AD-like pathophysiology in HE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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Di Cerbo A, Roncati L, Marini C, Carnevale G, Zavatti M, Avallone R, Corsi L. Possible Association Between DHEA and PKCε in Hepatic Encephalopathy Amelioration: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:695375. [PMID: 34651032 PMCID: PMC8505975 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.695375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver failure and by an impaired neurotransmission and neurological function caused by hyperammonemia (HA). HE, in turn, decreases the phosphorylation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), contributing to the impairment of neuronal functions. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts a neuroprotective effect by increasing the GABAergic tone through GABAA receptor stimulation. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of DHEA in an animal model of HE, and the possible modulation of PKCε expression in different brain area. Methods: Fulminant hepatic failure was induced in 18 male, Sprague–Dawley rats by i.p. administration of 3 g/kg D-galactosamine, and after 30 min, a group of animals received a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg (DHEA) repeated twice a day (3 days). Exploratory behavior and general activity were evaluated 24 h and 48 h after the treatments by the open field test. Then, brain cortex and cerebellum were used for immunoblotting analysis of PKCε level. Results: DHEA administration showed a significant improvement of locomotor activity both 24 and 48 h after D-galactosamine treatment (****p < 0.0001) but did not ameliorate liver parenchymal degeneration. Western blot analysis revealed a reduced immunoreactivity of PKCε (*p < 0.05) following D-galactosamine treatment in rat cortex and cerebellum. After the addition of DHEA, PKCε increased in the cortex in comparison with the D-galactosamine-treated (***p < 0.001) and control group (*p < 0.05), but decreased in the cerebellum (*p < 0.05) with respect to the control group. PKCε decreased after treatment with NH4Cl alone and in combination with DHEA in both cerebellum and cortex (****p < 0.0001). MTS assay demonstrated the synergistic neurotoxic action of NH4Cl and glutamate pretreatment in cerebellum and cortex along with an increased cell survival after DHEA pretreatment, which was significant only in the cerebellum (*p < 0.05). Conclusion: An association between the DHEA-mediated increase of PKCε expression and the improvement of comatose symptoms was observed. PKCε activation and expression in the brain could inhibit GABA-ergic tone counteracting HE symptoms. In addition, DHEA seemed to ameliorate the symptoms of HE and to increase the expression of PKCε in cortex and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Corsi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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Curcumin prevents cognitive deficits in the bile duct ligated rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3529-3537. [PMID: 32761362 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bile duct ligation (BDL) in rodents can cause impaired liver function and cognition deficits. Curcumin has shown a preventive and therapeutic role in memory impairment. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of curcumin on the performance of male adult Wistar rats that underwent BDL, a model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in the Morris water maze (MWM). METHODS Four weeks after surgery, sham (manipulation of common bile duct without ligation) and BDL rats underwent the MWM test. RESULTS The representative data showed that BDL rats exhibited impairments in spatial learning and reference memory in the MWM compared with the sham rats. Treatment of BDL rats with curcumin (40 mg/kg, i.p., for 4 weeks) prevented these impairments, while it did not affect spatial learning and memory in the sham rats, by itself. Curcumin increased expression levels of the pro-survival B cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) gene and two genes involved in mitochondrial function, peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), in the hippocampus of BDL rats compared with the vehicle-treated sham or BDL rats, while it decreased the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) gene expression level. BDL up-regulated Bax and down-regulated TFAM, by itself. Furthermore, curcumin reduced the mRNA level of Bax, while it increased Bcl-2 and TFAM mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of curcumin on cognitive function in BDL rats of the HE model. The curcumin effect may be related to mitochondrial function improvement in the HE.
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Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Cho I, Koo BN, Kam EH, Lee SK, Oh H, Kim SY. Bile duct ligation of C57BL/6 mice as a model of hepatic encephalopathy. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2020; 15:19-27. [PMID: 33329785 PMCID: PMC7713851 DOI: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bile duct ligation (BDL) has been used for experimental research on hepatic encephalopathy (HE) caused by chronic liver disease. However, little research has been done on a BDL model in C57BL/6 mouse. Therefore, we evaluated the suitability of a BDL model in C57BL/6 mouse for the study of HE and determined which behavioral tests are appropriate for the identification of HE in this model. Methods Twelve to fourteen-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either sham group or BDL group. Histological changes in liver were confirmed by hematoxylin/eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Liver function alterations were detected by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ammonia levels. To identify behavioral changes, open field, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests were performed. Results Inflammatory liver injury and fibrosis were observed 14 days after BDL. ALT and ammonia levels were significantly higher in BDL group than in sham group. There were no differences in general locomotor activity or anxiety between the groups. No difference was observed between these two groups in the novel object recognition test, but BDL group showed significant learning/memory impairment in the passive avoidance test compared to sham group. Conclusions Fourteen days of BDL in 12–14-week-old male C57BL/6 mice is a clinically relevant model for HE, as these mice have liver fibrosis with impaired liver function, hyperammonemia, and learning/memory impairment. Passive avoidance can be used as the major behavioral test in this model of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inja Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kamenskov MY, Gurina OI. [Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:61-67. [PMID: 31626172 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911908161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate serotonin and catecholamine levels in people with paraphilic disorders and identify correlations between transmitter dysfunction and clinical signs of paraphilic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen men with paraphilic disorders were studied using clinical-psychopathological, sexological, biochemical and statistical methods. RESULTS There were an increase in the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine and a decrease in the concentration of DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) in the urine of patients with paraphilic disorders. The concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine are correlated with obsessive disturbances. The level of DOPAC was associated with affective and dissociative disorders. CONCLUSION The relationships between biochemical and psychopathological signs suggest a role of biological mechanisms in the organization of abnormal sexual behavior. Correlations between psychopathological phenomena and DOPAC indicate a key role of central dopamine in the pathogenesis of paraphilic disorders and disturbances of conscious regulation of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu Kamenskov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - O I Gurina
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Nasehi M, Alaghmandan-Motlagh N, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Nami M, Zarrindast MR. The interaction between hippocampal GABA-B and cannabinoid receptors upon spatial change and object novelty discrimination memory function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3117-3128. [PMID: 28779310 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have postulated functional links between GABA and cannabinoid systems in the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to investigate any possible interaction between these systems in spatial change and object novelty discrimination memory consolidation in the dorsal hippocampus (CA1 region) of NMRI mice. METHODS Assessment of the spatial change and object novelty discrimination memory function was carried out in a non-associative task. The experiment comprised mice exposure to an open field containing five objects followed by the examination of their reactivity to object displacement (spatial change) and object substitution (object novelty) after three sessions of habituation. RESULTS Our results showed that the post-training intraperitoneal administration of the higher dose of ACPA (0.02 mg/kg) impaired both spatial change and novelty discrimination memory functions. Meanwhile, the higher dose of GABA-B receptor agonist, baclofen, impaired the spatial change memory by itself. Moreover, the post-training intra-CA1 microinjection of a subthreshold dose of baclofen increased the ACPA effect on spatial change and novelty discrimination memory at a lower and higher dose, respectively. On the other hand, the lower and higher but not mid-level doses of GABA-B receptor antagonist, phaclofen, could reverse memory deficits induced by ACPA. However, phaclofen at its mid-level dose impaired the novelty discrimination memory and whereas the higher dose impaired the spatial change memory. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, GABA-B receptors in the CA1 region appear to modulate the ACPA-induced cannabinoid CB1 signaling upon spatial change and novelty discrimination memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
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Nasehi M, Rostam-Nezhad E, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Interaction between hippocampal serotonin and cannabinoid systems in reactivity to spatial and object novelty detection. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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