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Wang Q, Wu S, Luo Z, Pu L, Wang X, Guo M, Zhang M, Tang H, Chen M, Kong L, Huang P, Chen L, Li Z, Zhao D, Xiong Z. Effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older type 2 diabetics living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1307537. [PMID: 38375195 PMCID: PMC10876060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1307537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Light influences the secretion of melatonin in the body and regulates circadian rhythms, which play an important role in sleep and mood. The light level of rooms in long-term care facilities is usually far below the threshold required to regulate the body's circadian rhythm, and insufficient light can easily lead to sleep and mood disturbances among older residents in nursing homes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older adults with type 2 diabetes residing in long-term care facilities. Methods This study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either the light therapy (LT) group or the control group and received the intervention for four weeks. Primary outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objective sleep parameters recorded by a sleep monitoring bracelet, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The secondary outcome included glycated serum protein (GSP). Data was collected at three time points: at baseline (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1), and 4-week follow-up (T2). A linear mixed model analysis was used to analyzed the data. Results We enrolled 45 long-term care residents. Compared with the control group, significant reductions in PSQI scores were observed at T1 and T2. At T2, the sleep score of objective sleep parameters was significantly higher in the LT group compared to the control group. Additionally, compared to the baseline T0, MEQ scores were significantly lower in the LT group at T1 and T2, with no significant difference in the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in glycated serum protein values at T1 and T2. However, compared to T0, glycated serum protein values decreased in the LT group while increased in the control group at T2. Conclusion Light therapy had a positive effect on subjective sleep quality and circadian rhythm time type in long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes, and had a possible delayed effect on objective sleep. However, no discernible alterations in blood glucose levels were detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihui Pu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoting Guo
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjiao Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Laixi Kong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Health and Medicine, Polus International College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hilditch CJ, Pradhan S, Costedoat G, Bathurst NG, Glaros Z, Gregory KB, Shattuck NL, Flynn-Evans EE. An at-home evaluation of a light intervention to mitigate sleep inertia symptoms. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S121-S129. [PMID: 37679265 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Under laboratory settings, light exposure upon waking at night improves sleep inertia symptoms. We investigated whether a field-deployable light source would mitigate sleep inertia in a real-world setting. METHODS Thirty-six participants (18 female; 26.6 years ± 6.1) completed an at-home, within-subject, randomized crossover study. Participants were awoken 45 minutes after bedtime and wore light-emitting glasses with the light either on (light condition) or off (control). A visual 5-minute psychomotor vigilance task, Karolinska sleepiness scale, alertness and mood scales, and a 3-minute auditory/verbal descending subtraction task were performed at 2, 12, 22, and 32 minutes after awakening. Participants then went back to sleep and were awoken after 45 minutes for the opposite condition. A series of mixed-effect models were performed with fixed effects of test bout, condition, test bout × condition, a random effect of the participant, and relevant covariates. RESULTS Participants rated themselves as more alert (p = .01) and energetic (p = .001) in the light condition compared to the control condition. There was no effect of condition for descending subtraction task outcomes when including all participants, but there was a significant improvement in descending subtraction task total responses in the light condition in the subset of participants waking from N3 (p = .03). There was a significant effect of condition for psychomotor vigilance task outcomes, with faster responses (p < .001) and fewer lapses (p < .001) in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that light modestly improves self-rated alertness and energy after waking at home regardless of sleep stage, with lower aggression and improvements to working memory only after waking from N3. Contrary to laboratory studies, we did not observe improved performance on the psychomotor vigilance task. Future studies should include measures of visual acuity and comfort to assess the feasibility of interventions in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, San José, California, USA.
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, San José, California, USA; School of Business, Menlo College, Atherton, California, USA
| | - Gregory Costedoat
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, San José, California, USA
| | - Nicholas G Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Zachary Glaros
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Kevin B Gregory
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nita L Shattuck
- Operations Research Department, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA
| | - Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
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Leung TK, Chen YC, Chao MW, Tseng CY. Effects of Bioceramic Material and Colored Light Irradiation on Learning and Memory in Aging Rats. Exp Aging Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37971779 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2278983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by molecular damage from free radicals, leading to neural dysfunction and memory impairment. This study investigated using bioceramic material and colored light to mitigate neurodegenerative symptoms in aging rats. We assessed the effects of different color light spectrums on D-galactose-induced aging rats using the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and open field tests. Findings revealed that bioceramic material with various light wavelengths improved activity, recognition, and memory in aging rats. Significant enhancements were observed in the open field and novel object recognition tests, with a trend toward improvement in the Morris water maze. These effects are attributed to the antioxidant properties and microcirculation enhancement associated with bioceramic materials. Color stimulation may impact enzymes, human physiology, psychological activity, and the autonomic nervous system. This study highlights the significance of exploring novel interventions for neurodegenerative symptoms and memory deficits in aging rats. Results indicate that bioceramic material with different colored light spectrums positively influences cognitive function. These findings contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of bioceramic materials and emphasize the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kai Leung
- Department of Radiology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Health Care and Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Carlson EJ, Wilckens KA, Wheeler ME. The Interactive Role of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Episodic Memory in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1844-1852. [PMID: 37167439 PMCID: PMC10562893 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for healthy physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning, including memory. However, sleep ability worsens with increasing age. Older adults on average have shorter sleep durations and more disrupted sleep compared with younger adults. Age-related sleep changes are thought to contribute to age-related deficits in episodic memory. Nonetheless, the nature of the relationship between sleep and episodic memory deficits in older adults is still unclear. Further complicating this relationship are age-related changes in circadian rhythms such as the shift in chronotype toward morningness and decreased circadian stability, which may influence memory abilities as well. Most sleep and cognitive aging studies do not account for circadian factors, making it unclear whether age-related and sleep-related episodic memory deficits are partly driven by interactions with circadian rhythms. This review will focus on age-related changes in sleep and circadian rhythms and evidence that these factors interact to affect episodic memory, specifically encoding and retrieval. Open questions, methodological considerations, and clinical implications for diagnosis and monitoring of age-related memory impairments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse J Carlson
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhang M, Wang Q, Pu L, Tang H, Chen M, Wang X, Li Z, Zhao D, Xiong Z. Light Therapy to Improve Sleep Quality in Older Adults Living in Residential Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:65-74.e1. [PMID: 36410392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because light can regulate sleep rhythms, numerous studies have investigated whether light therapy can improve sleep disorders in older people, but its efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine and summarize current evidence about the efficacy of light therapy to improve sleep for older people in residential long-term care. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older people living in long-term care settings. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and in reference lists within relevant articles. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated light therapy for older people with sleep disorders in long-term care settings. RESULTS This systematic review includes 21 articles, summarizing light therapy with different durations and intensities. The light intervention was typically administered between 7:00 and 12:00 am for 30-120 minutes. The interventions lasted from 1 week to several months, and the intensity of the light intervention usually ranged from 2500 to 10,000 lux. Short-term exposure (30-60 minutes) with high light levels (≥10,000 lux), relatively long-term exposure (1-2 hours) with moderate light levels (2500-10,000 lux), or long-term exposure (1-4 hours or full day) with low light levels (≤2500 lux) were associated with improved sleep indicators for older people in long-term care settings. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The efficacy of light therapy in long-term care settings may be affected by the duration of exposure, time and length of intervention, intensity of light, and equipment used to administer the therapy. Further research must be conducted to optimize light therapy parameters. Large, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to deepen our understanding of the effects of light therapy on sleep in older people living in long-term care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihui Pu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland & School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongxia Tang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Hilditch CJ, Wong LR, Bathurst NG, Feick NH, Pradhan S, Santamaria A, Shattuck NL, Flynn‐Evans EE. Rise and shine: The use of polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light to mitigate sleep inertia at night following awakening from slow-wave sleep. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13558. [PMID: 35102669 PMCID: PMC9787581 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep inertia is the brief period of performance impairment and reduced alertness experienced after waking, especially from slow-wave sleep. We assessed the efficacy of polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light to improve vigilant attention, alertness and mood immediately after waking from slow-wave sleep at night. Twelve participants (six female, 23.3 ± 4.2 years) maintained an actigraphy-confirmed sleep schedule of 8.5 hr for 5 nights, and 5 hr for 1 night prior to an overnight laboratory visit. In the laboratory, participants were awakened from slow-wave sleep, and immediately exposed to either dim, red ambient light (control) or polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light (light) for 1 hr in a randomized crossover design. They completed a 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and Visual Analogue Scales of mood at 2, 17, 32 and 47 min after waking. Following this testing period, lights were turned off and participants returned to sleep. They were awakened from their subsequent slow-wave sleep period and received the opposite condition. Compared with the control condition, participants exposed to light had fewer Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses (χ2 [1] = 5.285, p = 0.022), reported feeling more alert (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale: F1,77 = 4.955, p = 0.029; Visual Analogue Scalealert : F1,77 = 8.226, p = 0.005), and reported improved mood (Visual Analogue Scalecheerful : F1,77 = 8.615, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sleep-onset latency between conditions following the testing period (t10 = 1.024, p = 0.330). Our results suggest that exposure to polychromatic short-wavelength-enriched light immediately after waking from slow-wave sleep at night may help improve vigilant attention, subjective alertness, and mood. Future studies should explore the potential mechanisms of this countermeasure and its efficacy in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J. Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lily R. Wong
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas G. Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratoryNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nathan H. Feick
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratorySan José State UniversitySan JoséCaliforniaUSA,School of BusinessMenlo CollegeAthertonCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda Santamaria
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Research HubUniversity of South AustraliaMagillSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nita L. Shattuck
- Operations Research DepartmentHuman Systems Integration ProgramNaval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin E. Flynn‐Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures LaboratoryNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCaliforniaUSA
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Silvani MI, Werder R, Perret C. The influence of blue light on sleep, performance and wellbeing in young adults: A systematic review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943108. [PMID: 36051910 PMCID: PMC9424753 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blue light from electronic devices has a bad reputation. It has a wavelength which may influence our circadian rhythm and cause bad sleep. But there are other aspects of blue light exposure which are often overlooked, for example, it may influence performance and wellbeing. However, few resources summarize its effects systematically. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review was to distil the present evidence on blue light exposure and its influence on sleep, performance and wellbeing and discuss its significance for athletes.Methods: The databases that were searched were Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library. The studies included investigated the influence of blue light exposure on either sleep, performance, wellbeing or a combination of those parameters on healthy humans. Quality assessment was done based on the quantitative assessment tool “QualSyst.”Results: Summarizing the influence of blue light exposure, the following results were found (expressed as proportion to the number of studies investigating the particular parameter): Fifty percent of studies found tiredness to be decreased. One fifth of studies found sleep quality to be decreased and one third found sleep duration to be decreased. Half of the studies found sleep efficacy to be decreased and slightly less than half found sleep latency to be increased. More than one half of the studies found cognitive performance to be increased. Slightly more than two thirds found alertness to be increased and reaction time to be decreased. Slightly less than half of the studies found wellbeing to be increased.Conclusion: Blue light exposure can positively affect cognitive performance, alertness, and reaction time. This might benefit sports reliant on team-work and decision-making and may help prevent injury. Blue light might also have negative effects such as the decrease in sleep quality and sleep duration, which might worsen an athlete’s physical and cognitive performance and recovery. Further research should explore if blue light can improve sleep, performance and wellbeing to significantly benefit athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Werder
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Perret
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Claudio Perret,
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Lok R, Joyce DS, Zeitzer JM. Impact of daytime spectral tuning on cognitive function. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 230:112439. [PMID: 35398657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light at night can improve alertness and cognition. Exposure to daytime light, however, has yielded less conclusive results. In addition to direct effects, daytime light may also mitigate the impact of nocturnal light exposure on alertness. To examine the impact of daytime lighting on daytime cognitive performance, and evening alertness, we studied nine healthy individuals using a within subject crossover design. On four visits, participants were exposed to one of four lighting conditions for 10 h (dim fluorescent, room fluorescent, broad-spectrum LED, standard white LED; the latter three conditions were matched for 100 lx) followed by an exposure to bright evening light. Cognitive performance, subjective and objective measures of alertness were regularly obtained. While daytime alertness was not impacted by light exposure, the broad-spectrum LED light improved several aspects of daytime cognition. The impact of evening light on alertness was not mitigated by the pre-exposure to different daytime lighting conditions. Results suggest that daytime exposure to white light with high melanopic efficacy has the potential to improve daytime cognitive function and that such improvements are likely to be direct rather than a consequence of light-induced changes in alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Daniel S Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
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9
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Song Y, Lv X, Qin W, Dang W, Chen Z, Nie J, Liu B, Dong W. The Effect of Blue-enriched White Light on Cognitive Performances and Sleepiness of Simulated Shift Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:752-759. [PMID: 33901161 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is associated with reduced performance and efficiency, the current study aimed at investigating whether blue-enriched white light could improve workers' performance. METHODS The study, which adopted a randomized controlled trial, was conducted among 48 simulated shift workers. The participants performed sustained attention task, working memory task, and sleepiness task during night shift work. The data was analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS The results indicated that, compared to conventional light, participants' correct responses of the sustained attention significantly increased when they were exposed to blue-enriched white light, correspondingly, the commission errors and omission errors declined. Furthermore, the blue-enriched white light had a significant effect on the decrease of sleepiness. However, the working memory was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION Exposing to blue-enriched white light can improve sustained attention and reduce sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China (Song, Dang, Dong); National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China (Song, Dang, Dong); School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China (Xinrui, Qin, Liu); School of Physics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China (Chen, Nie)
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Kim SJ, Lee SH, Suh IB, Jang JW, Jhoo JH, Lee JH. Positive effect of timed blue-enriched white light on sleep and cognition in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10174. [PMID: 33986349 PMCID: PMC8119443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effectiveness of light treatment (LT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effectiveness of blue-enriched white LT on sleep, cognition, mood and behavior in patients with mild and moderate AD. The treatment group (n = 14) sat about 60 cm away from a small (136 × 73 × 16 mm) LED light box for 1 h each morning for 2 weeks. The control group (n = 11) wore dark, blue-attenuating sunglasses during the 1 h exposures. The morning light started 9-10 h after each individual's dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Assessments were done at baseline (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1), and 4 weeks after the end of the 2 weeks of LT (T2). Sleep was measured by actigraphy. Blue-enriched LT had a significantly better effect on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at T2 compared to blue-attenuated LT, and a trend of better effectiveness on total sleep time at T2. There was a significant increase in Mini-Mental State Examination score at T2 after blue-enriched LT than that at T0. Our findings suggest that morning blue-enriched LT has a benefit in improving sleep and cognitive function in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheongju Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Silverheals Hospital, Namyangju, South Korea
| | - In Bum Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Chellappa SL, Bromundt V, Frey S, Cajochen C. Age-related neuroendocrine and alerting responses to light. GeroScience 2021; 43:1767-1781. [PMID: 33638088 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with sleep and circadian alterations, which can negatively affect quality of life and longevity. Importantly, the age-related reduction in light sensitivity, particularly in the short-wavelength range, may underlie sleep and circadian alterations in older people. While evidence suggests that non-image-forming (NIF) light responses may diminish in older individuals, most laboratory studies have low sample sizes, use non-ecological light settings (e.g., monochromatic light), and typically focus on melatonin suppression by light. Here, we investigated whether NIF light effects on endogenous melatonin levels and sleep frontal slow-wave activity (primary outcomes), and subjective sleepiness and sustained attention (secondary outcomes) attenuate with aging. We conducted a stringently controlled within-subject study with 3 laboratory protocols separated by ~ 1 week in 31 young (18-30 years; 15 women) and 16 older individuals (55-80 years; eight women). Each protocol included 2 h of evening exposure to commercially available blue-enriched polychromatic light (6500 K) or non-blue-enriched light (3000 K or 2500 K) at low levels (~ 40 lx, habitual in evening indoor settings). Aging significantly affected the influence of light on endogenous melatonin levels, subjective sleepiness, sustained attention, and frontal slow-wave activity (interaction: P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.007, P = 0.001, respectively). In young individuals, light exposure at 6500 K significantly attenuated the increase in endogenous melatonin levels, improved subjective sleepiness and sustained attention performance, and decreased frontal slow-wave activity in the beginning of sleep. Conversely, older individuals did not exhibit signficant differential light sensitivity effects. Our findings provide evidence for an association of aging and reduced light sensitivity, with ramifications to sleep, cognition, and circadian health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, 039 BLI, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vivien Bromundt
- Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Frey
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Bell KR, Fogelberg D, Barber J, Nakase-Richardson R, Zumsteg JM, Dubiel R, Dams-O'Connor K, Hoffman JM. The effect of phototherapy on sleep during acute rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Inj 2021; 35:180-188. [PMID: 33459040 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1871952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the impact of bright white light (BWL) exposure on sleep quality in persons with recent traumatic brain injury (TBI).Design: Randomized, controlled device-sham studySetting: 3 TBI Model System inpatient rehabilitation unitsParticipants: 131 participants (mean 40.9 years, 68% male)Intervention: Intervention group (N = 65) received BWL (1260 lux at 20 inches, 440-480 nanometers length) for 30 minutes each morning at 12-24 inches from the face. Control group (N = 66) received red light (<450 lux, no light between 440 and 480 nanometers) for the same period. Planned intervention was maximum of 10 treatments or until discharge.Main Outcome Measure: Sleep duration and quality using actigraphic recording.Results: There were no differences found between groups on the primary outcomes nor on the secondary outcomes (sleepiness, mood, cooperation with therapy).Conclusion: BWL treatment during acute rehabilitation hospitalization does not appear to impact sleep or measures commonly associated with sleep. While studies have indicated common complaints of sleep difficulties after TBI, we were unable to document an effect for phototherapy as a treatment. With growing evidence of the effect of sleep on neural repair and cognition, further study is needed to understand the nature and treatment of sleep disorders after TBI.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02214212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas , USA
| | - Donald Fogelberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington , USA
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Risa Nakase-Richardson
- MHBS/Polytrauma, Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer M Zumsteg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington , USA
| | - Rosemary Dubiel
- Baylor Scott and White Institute for Rehabilitation, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanne M Hoffman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington , USA
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Liu D, Li J, Wu J, Dai J, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Mei W. Monochromatic Blue Light Activates Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neuronal Activity and Promotes Arousal in Mice Under Sevoflurane Anesthesia. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:55. [PMID: 32973462 PMCID: PMC7461971 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Monochromatic blue light (MBL), with a wavelength between 400–490 nm, can regulate non-image-forming (NIF) functions of light in the central nervous system. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain is involved in the arousal-promoting response to blue light in mice. Animal and human studies showed that the responsiveness of the brain to visual stimuli is partly preserved under general anesthesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether MBL promotes arousal from sevoflurane anesthesia via activation of the SCN in mice. Methods: The induction and emergence time of sevoflurane anesthesia under MBL (460 nm and 800 lux) exposure was measured. Cortical electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded and the burst-suppression ratio (BSR) was calculated under MBL during sevoflurane anesthesia. The EEGs and local field potential (LFP) recordings with or without locally electrolytic ablated bilateral SCN were used to further explore the role of SCN in the arousal-promoting effect of MBL under sevoflurane anesthesia. Immunofluorescent staining of c-Fos was conducted to reveal the possible downstream mechanism of SCN activation. Results: Unlike the lack of effect on the induction time, MBL shortened the emergence time and the EEG recordings showed cortical arousal during the recovery period. MBL resulted in a significant decrease in BSR and a marked increase in EEG power at all frequency bands except for the spindle band during 2.5% sevoflurane anesthesia. MBL exposure under sevoflurane anesthesia enhances the neuronal activity of the SCN. These responses to MBL were abolished in SCN lesioned (SCNx) mice. MBL evoked a high level of c-Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) compared to polychromatic white light (PWL) under sevoflurane anesthesia, while it exerted no effect on c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and locus coeruleus (LC) c-Fos expression. Conclusions: MBL promotes behavioral and electroencephalographic arousal from sevoflurane anesthesia via the activation of the SCN and its associated downstream wake-related nuclei. The clinical implications of this study warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Chellappa SL, Bromundt V, Frey S, Schlote T, Goldblum D, Cajochen C, Reichert CF. Intraocular cataract lens replacement and light exposure potentially impact procedural learning in older adults. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13043. [PMID: 32285996 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Procedural learning declines with age and appropriately timed light exposure can improve cognitive performance in older individuals. Because cataract reduces light transmission and is associated with cognitive decline in older adults, we explored whether lens replacement (intraocular blue-blocking [BB] or UV-only blocking) in older patients with cataracts enhances the beneficial effects of light on procedural learning. Healthy older participants (n = 16) and older patients with post-cataract surgery (n = 13 with BB or UV lens replacement) underwent a randomized within-subject crossover laboratory design with three protocols. In each protocol, 3.5 hr dim-dark adaptation was followed by 2 hr evening blue-enriched (6,500K) or non-blue-enriched light exposure (3,000K or 2,500K), 30 min dim post-light, ~8 hr sleep and 2 hr morning dim light. Procedural learning was assessed by the alternating serial reaction time task (ASRT), as part of a larger test battery. Here, ASRT performance was indexed by type of trial (random or sequence) and sequence-specific (high or low probability) measures. During evening light exposure, we observed a significant effect of the interaction of "group" versus "light condition" on the type of trial (p = .04; p = .16; unadjusted and adjusted p-values, respectively) and sequence-specific learning (p = .04; p = .16; unadjusted and adjusted p-values, respectively), whereby patients with UV lens replacement performed better than patients with BB lens or non-cataract controls, during blue-enriched light exposure. Lens replacement in patients with cataracts may potentially be associated with beneficial effects of blue light on procedural learning. Thus, optimizing spectral lens transmission in patients with cataracts may help improve specific aspects of cognitive function, such as procedural learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivien Bromundt
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Frey
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - David Goldblum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Xing F, Fang X, Gong XD, Zhao X, Du Y, Ma ZL, Gu XP, Xia TJ. Photoacoustic treatment mitigates cognitive dysfunction in a model of sleep-wake rhythm disturbance. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1094-1101. [PMID: 31823890 PMCID: PMC7034272 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances, which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration, are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments. In this study, we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model. We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57BL/6J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping, cage jostling, and nest disturbance. We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function. Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light (40-Hz flickering frequency) for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation. However, interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points, as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points (subjective day time, subjective night time, and offset time points), had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits. Additionally, a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the 24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline, while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms. Overall, these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University, China (approval No. 20171102) on November 20, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Dan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical Department of Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Zhao ZC, Zhou Y, Tan G, Li J. Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1999-2003. [PMID: 30588436 PMCID: PMC6288536 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, people have become increasingly attentive to light pollution influences on their eyes. In the visible spectrum, short-wave blue light with wavelength between 415 nm and 455 nm is closely related to eye light damage. This high energy blue light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina causing diseases such as dry eye, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, even stimulating the brain, inhibiting melatonin secretion, and enhancing adrenocortical hormone production, which will destroy the hormonal balance and directly affect sleep quality. Therefore, the effect of Blu-rays on ocular is becoming an important concern for the future. We describe blue light's effects on eye tissues, summarize the research on eye injury and its physical prevention and medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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