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Pavlova IV, Broshevitskaya ND, Zaichenko MI, Grigoryan GA. The influence of long-term housing in enriched environment on behavior of normal rats and subjected to neonatal pro-inflammatory challenge. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100639. [PMID: 37274935 PMCID: PMC10236189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neonatal pro-inflammatory challenge (NPC) acquire a predisposition to the development of a number of neuropsychiatric diseases: depression, anxiety disorders, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Symptoms of these diseases can manifest themselves in adulthood and adolescent after repeated exposure to negative influences. Preventing the development of the negative consequences of NPC is one of the main tasks for researchers. The exposure to an enriched environment (EE) was shown to have anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and pro-cognitive effects. The present work was aimed to investigate the effects of the long-term EE on anxious-depressive and conditioned fear behavior in normal male and female rats and subjected to NPC. The NPC was induced by subcutaneous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) on 3d and 5th PNDs. The control animals received saline (SAL). The rats were placed in the EE from 25 to 120 PND. Animals housed in the standard conditions (STAND) served as controls. In adult female and male rats of the STAND groups, LPS did not affect the anxiety, depressive-like behavior and conditioned fear. The EE increased motor and search activity in males and females. In the open field, the EE reduced anxiety in males of the SAL and LPS groups and in females of SAL groups compared to the STAND housed animals. In the elevated plus maze, the EE decreased anxiety only in males of the SAL group. In the sucrose preference test, the EE did not change sucrose consumption in males and females of SAL and LPS groups, while, in the forced swimming test, the EE reduced depressive-like behavior in females of both SAL and LPS groups. The enrichment decreased the contextual conditioned fear in male and female of SAL groups, but not of the LPS group, and did not affect the cue conditioned fear. The corticosterone reactivity to the forced swimming stress increased in males of the EE groups. The basal level of IL-1beta in blood serum decreased in males of the SAL-EE group. Thus, the EE reduced anxiety in males, depressive-like behavior in females, and contextual conditioned fear in males and females compared to the STAND housed animals. Although the NPC did not affect these behaviors in the STAND groups, LPS prevented the beneficial EE effects on anxiety and conditioned fear. The opposing effects of LPS were dependent on sex and type of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Pavlova
- Corresponding author. Department of Conditioned Reflexes and Physiology of Emotions, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, 5a Butlerov street, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Yan P, Liu J, Ma H, Feng Y, Cui J, Bai Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Wei S, Lai J. Effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity inhibition on cognitive, behavioral, and hippocampal ultrastructural deficits in adulthood associated with adolescent methamphetamine exposure. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1129553. [PMID: 36949769 PMCID: PMC10025487 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1129553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) has been implicated in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity, memory process, and psychostimulant-induced behavioral effects. Hyperactive GSK3β in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion of the dorsal hippocampus (DHP) was associated with adolescent methamphetamine (METH) exposure-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effects of GSK3β inhibition in adulthood on adolescent METH exposure-induced long-term neurobiological deficits. Methods Adolescent male mice were treated with METH from postnatal day (PND) 45-51. In adulthood, three intervention protocols (acute lithium chloride systemic administration, chronic lithium chloride systemic administration, and chronic SB216763 administration within CA1) were used for GSK3β activity inhibition. The effect of GSK3β intervention on cognition, behavior, and GSK3β activity and synaptic ultrastructure in the DHP CA1 subregion were detected in adulthood. Results In adulthood, all three interventions reduced adolescent METH exposure-induced hyperactivity (PND97), while only chronic systemic and chronic within CA1 administration ameliorated the induced impairments in spatial (PND99), social (PND101) and object (PND103) recognition memory. In addition, although three interventions reversed the aberrant GSK3β activity in the DHP CA1 subregion (PND104), only chronic systemic and chronic within CA1 administration rescued adolescent METH exposure-induced synaptic ultrastructure changes in the DHP CA1 subregion (PND104) in adulthood. Conclusion Rescuing synaptic ultrastructural abnormalities in the dHIP CA1 subregion by chronic administration of a GSK3β inhibitor may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of behavioral and cognitive deficits in adulthood associated with adolescent METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincen Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Forensic Identification Institute, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Wei,
| | - Jianghua Lai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, School of Forensic Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Jianghua Lai,
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Infection, Learning, and Memory: Focus on Immune Activation and Aversive Conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104898. [PMID: 36183862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the effects of immune activation primarily via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, on hippocampal and non-hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Rodent studies have found that LPS alters both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive learning and memory, such as those evoking evolutionarily adaptive responses like fear and disgust. The inhibitory effects of LPS on the acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory are discussed. LPS-induced alterations in the acquisition of taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory within bottle preference tasks and taste reactivity tests (taste-related), in addition to conditioned context avoidance tasks and the anticipatory nausea paradigm (place-related), are highlighted. Further, conditioned disgust memory consolidation may also be influenced by LPS-induced effects. Growing evidence suggests a central role of immune activation, especially pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in eliciting the effects described here. Understanding how infection-induced immune activation alters learning and memory is increasingly important as bacterial and viral infections are found to present a risk of learning and memory impairment.
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Bernanke A, Sette S, Hernandez N, Zimmerman S, Murphy J, Francis R, Reavis Z, Kuhn C. Male and female rats exhibit comparable gaping behavior but activate brain regions differently during expression of conditioned nausea. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:291-300. [PMID: 35621171 PMCID: PMC9354039 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five to fifty percent of patients undergoing chemotherapy will develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), in which symptoms occur in anticipation of treatment. ANV is triggered by environmental cues and shows little response to traditional antiemetic therapy, suggesting that unique neural pathways mediate this response. Understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of this disorder is critical to the development of novel therapeutic interventions. The purpose of the present study was to identify brain areas activated during ANV and characterize sex differences in both the behavior and the brain areas activated during ANV. We used a rat model of ANV by pairing a novel context with the emetic drug lithium chloride (LiCl) to produce conditioned nausea behaviors in the LiCl-paired environment. We quantitated gaping, an analog of human vomiting, after acute or repeated LiCl in a unique environment. To identify brain regions associated with gaping, we measured c-fos activation by immunochemical staining after these same treatments. We found that acute LiCl activated multiple brain regions including the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala, nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, none of which were activated during ANV. ANV activated c-fos expression in the frontal cortex, insula and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of males but not females. These data suggest that therapies such as ondansetron which target the area postrema are not effective in ANV because it is not activated during the ANV response. Further studies aimed at characterizing the neural circuits and cell types that are activated in the conditioned nausea response will help identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of this condition, improving both quality of life and outcomes for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Bernanke
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Doobay M, Cross-Mellor SK, Wah DTO, Kavaliers M, Ossenkopp KP. Toxin-induced aversive context conditioning: Assessing active aversive behaviors conditioned to the context of an automated activity monitor. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113559. [PMID: 34416259 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an emetic drug that has been used to create animal models of anticipatory nausea and conditioned place aversion. In this study we examined escape behaviours from a context in which rats experienced the aversive effects of LiCl treatments. The experiment had two phases: acquisition of context conditioning, which consisted of pairing a distinct context with the pharmacological effects of a moderate dose of the toxin LiCl, and extinction of context conditioning, which consisted of placement in the distinct context in a drug free state. During context conditioning, 16 adult male Long-Evans rats were injected intraperitoneally with 96 mg/kg lithium chloride (LiCl; n = 8) or 0.9% saline (NaCl; n = 8) and placed individually in an automated locomotor activity apparatus for 30 min every other day for 4 days. During the extinction phase, rats were placed in the apparatus for 30 min every other day without injections during a 4 day extinction phase. A significant Drug x Trial interaction was found for the time spent in vertical position in the open field apparatus during trials 1-3 of the extinction phase. The LiCl treated rats exhibited significantly increased rearing behavior, relative to the control rats, indicative of conditioned aversion. The results of this study suggest that escape behavior (vertical activity) occurs in rats experiencing the aversive conditioned effects of LiCl in a distinct context. In the context of current theoretical accounts, the LiCl-conditioned increase in apparent escape behaviors can be considered a reflection of anticipatory nausea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Doobay
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario Canada
| | | | - Deanne T O Wah
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario Canada
| | - Martin Kavaliers
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario Canada
| | - Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario Canada.
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Hernández-Matias A, Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Osorio-Gómez D. Maintenance of conditioned place avoidance induced by gastric malaise requires NMDA activity within the ventral hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:270-276. [PMID: 34400528 PMCID: PMC8372560 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052720.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that during chemotherapy treatment, some patients can experience nausea before pharmacological administration, suggesting that contextual stimuli are associated with the nauseating effects. There are attempts to reproduce with animal models the conditions under which this phenomenon is observed to provide a useful paradigm for studying contextual aversion learning and the brain structures involved. This manuscript assessed the hippocampus involvement in acquiring and maintaining long-term conditioned place avoidance (CPA) induced by a gastric malaise-inducing agent, LiCl. Our results demonstrate that a reliable induction of CPA is possible after one acquisition trial. However, CPA establishment requires a 20-min confinement in the compartment associated with LiCl administration. Interestingly, both hippocampal regions seem to be necessary for CPA establishment; nonetheless, inactivation of the ventral hippocampus results in a reversion of avoidance and turns it into preference. Moreover, we demonstrate that activation of dorsal/ventral hippocampal NMDA receptors after CS–US association is required for long-term CPA memory maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernández-Matias
- División de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Osorio-Gómez
- División de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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Bishnoi IR, Ossenkopp KP, Kavaliers M. Sex and age differences in locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors in rats: From adolescence to adulthood. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:496-511. [PMID: 33047845 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Risk-taking behaviors are a primary contributor to elevated adolescent injury and mortality. Locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents have been used to examine risk-taking. Here, we examined risk-taking behavior (i.e., changes in locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors) from early to late adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats in the open-field (OF) apparatus and the light-dark (LD) test. We also examined whether these behaviors are affected by an early adolescent immune stressor, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Long-Evans male and female rats were injected with LPS (200 μg/kg) or vehicle control in early adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 30 and 32). Anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were measured in early (PND 38-40), late adolescence (PND 50), and adulthood (PND 88 and 98) in the OF and in early adolescence (PND 42) and adulthood (PND 90) in the LD test. Early and late adolescent rats displayed significantly greater locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors than adult rats in the OF and LD test. Sex differences were also found, with adolescent and adult females displaying greater locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors than male rats in the OF and LD tests. LPS administered two times in early adolescence did not have a significant impact on either locomotor or anxiety-like behaviors suggesting minimal impact of the immune stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra R Bishnoi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kavaliers
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Eor JY, Tan PL, Son YJ, Lee CS, Kim SH. Milk products fermented by
Lactobacillus
strains modulate the gut–bone axis in an ovariectomised murine model. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Eor
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Pei Lei Tan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Son
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul136‐713South Korea
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Cloutier CJ, Zevy DL, Kavaliers M, Ossenkopp KP. Conditioned disgust in rats (anticipatory nausea) to a context paired with the effects of the toxin LiCl: Influence of sex and the estrous cycle. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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