1
|
Wu W, Tian Y. The role of attention in the effect of facial attractiveness on time perception. Psych J 2024; 13:387-397. [PMID: 38530875 PMCID: PMC11169759 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that attractive faces often cause a dilation of our time perception thus affecting physical and mental health, and speculates that this could be relevant to the fact that attractive faces capture people's attention. Nevertheless, there was no direct experimental data to support this speculation. The present work was designed to illustrate how attention affects time perception of facial attractiveness. It utilized two experiments to investigate this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, perception of timing and attention bias were assessed using a temporal reproduction task and a dot-probe task. Increased attention bias was found to mediate the time dilation effect of facial attractiveness. Experiment 2 adopted dual-task paradigm, combining a temporal reproduction task and attractiveness rating task, to manipulate attention allocation. The findings suggested that allocating more attention to the task requiring timing enhanced the time dilation effect caused by the faces. Results of Experiments 1 and 2 converge to show that attention plays an essential role in the effects of facial attractiveness on time perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Wu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hendrikx E, Paul JM, van Ackooij M, van der Stoep N, Harvey BM. Cortical quantity representations of visual numerosity and timing overlap increasingly into superior cortices but remain distinct. Neuroimage 2024; 286:120515. [PMID: 38216105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many sensory brain areas are organized as topographic maps where neural response preferences change gradually across the cortical surface. Within association cortices, 7-Tesla fMRI and neural model-based analyses have also revealed many topographic maps for quantities like numerosity and event timing, often in similar locations. Numerical and temporal quantity estimations also show behavioral similarities and even interactions. For example, the duration of high-numerosity displays is perceived as longer than that of low-numerosity displays. Such interactions are often ascribed to a generalized magnitude system with shared neural responses across quantities. Anterior quantity responses are more closely linked to behavior. Here, we investigate whether common quantity representations hierarchically emerge by asking whether numerosity and timing maps become increasingly closely related in their overlap, response preferences, and topography. While the earliest quantity maps do not overlap, more superior maps overlap increasingly. In these overlapping areas, some intraparietal maps have consistently correlated numerosity and timing preferences, and some maps have consistent angles between the topographic progressions of numerosity and timing preferences. However, neither of these relationships increases hierarchically like the amount of overlap does. Therefore, responses to different quantities are initially derived separately, then progressively brought together, without generally becoming a common representation. Bringing together distinct responses to different quantities may underlie behavioral interactions and allow shared access to comparison and action planning systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evi Hendrikx
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacob M Paul
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martijn van Ackooij
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan van der Stoep
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Ben M Harvey
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Xiao L, Yu Q, Huang X. Neural correlates of aftereffects induced by adaptations to single and average durations. Psych J 2023; 12:479-490. [PMID: 36916767 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Duration perception can be heavily distorted owing to repetitive exposure to a relatively long or short sensory event, often causing a duration aftereffect. Here, we used a novel procedure to show that adaptations to both single and average durations produced the duration aftereffect. Participants completed a duration reproduction task (Experiment 1) or a duration category rating task (Experiment 2) after long-term adaptations to a stimulus of medium duration and to stimuli of averagely medium duration. We found that adaptations to both single and average durations resulted in duration aftereffects. The simultaneously recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data revealed that the reduction in neural activity due to long-term adaptation to single duration was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe, while adaptation to average duration resulted in fMRI adaptations in the left postcentral gyrus (PCG) and middle cingulate gyrus (MCG). At the individual level, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of fMRI adaptation in the right SMG after adaptation to single duration, while there were no significantly positive correlations between the behavioral aftereffect and fMRI adaptations in the left PCG and MCG. These results suggest that there are different neural mechanisms for aftereffects caused by adaptations to single and average durations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Social Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinlin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiting Huang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin B, Chen Y, Li B, Avitt A, Guo Y, Pan L, Huang X. Spatial Selectivity of the Visual Duration Aftereffect in the Sub-second Range: An Event-related Potentials Study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Zhou S, Li L, Wang F, Tian Y. How Facial Attractiveness Affects Time Perception: Increased Arousal Results in Temporal Dilation of Attractive Faces. Front Psychol 2021; 12:784099. [PMID: 34956006 PMCID: PMC8703070 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Time perception plays a fundamental role in people’s daily life activities, and it is modulated by changes in environmental contexts. Recent studies have observed that attractive faces generally result in temporal dilation and have proposed increased arousal to account for such dilation. However, there is no direct empirical result to evidence such an account. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to clarify the relationship between arousal and the temporal dilation effect of facial attractiveness by introducing a rating of arousal to test the effect of arousal on temporal dilation (Experiment 1) and by regulating arousal via automatic expression suppression to explore the association between arousal and temporal dilation (Experiment 2). As a result, Experiment 1 found that increased arousal mediated the temporal dilation effect of attractive faces; Experiment 2 showed that the downregulation of arousal attenuated the temporal dilation of attractive faces. These results highlighted the role of increased arousal, which is a dominating mechanism of the temporal dilation effect of attractive faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Zhou
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjing Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyun Wang
- China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsouli A, Harvey BM, Hofstetter S, Cai Y, van der Smagt MJ, Te Pas SF, Dumoulin SO. The role of neural tuning in quantity perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 26:11-24. [PMID: 34702662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perception of quantities, such as numerosity, timing, and size, is essential for behavior and cognition. Accumulating evidence demonstrates neurons processing quantities are tuned, that is, have a preferred quantity amount, not only for numerosity, but also other quantity dimensions and sensory modalities. We argue that quantity-tuned neurons are fundamental to understanding quantity perception. We illustrate how the properties of quantity-tuned neurons can underlie a range of perceptual phenomena. Furthermore, quantity-tuned neurons are organized in distinct but overlapping topographic maps. We suggest that this overlap in tuning provides the neural basis for perceptual interactions between different quantities, without the need for a common neural representational code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Tsouli
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben M Harvey
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shir Hofstetter
- The Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxuan Cai
- The Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J van der Smagt
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan F Te Pas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li B, Jia J, Chen L, Fang F. Electrophysiological correlates of the somatotopically organized tactile duration aftereffect. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147432. [PMID: 33737064 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to sensory events of long or short duration leads to a negative aftereffect, in which a new target event (of median duration) following the adaptation will be perceived to be shorter or longer than is actually the case. This illusion has been observed in visual, auditory, and tactile modalities. This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the tactile duration aftereffect, using the contingent negative variation (CNV) and the late positive component (LPC) as a way to characterize the temporal processes. The tactile duration adaptation was found to induce a significant aftereffect within a somatotopic framework. Moreover, the CNV in the contralateral scalp and the LPC in the fronto-central scalp were both modulated by the tactile duration adaptation. Specifically, adaptation to a short tactile duration increased the CNV and LPC amplitudes, whereas adaptation to a long tactile duration decreased them. This modulation was contingent on the topographic distance between fingers, which was only observed when the adapting and test fingers were consistent or adjacent, but not homologous. In sum, these results reveal a coherent behavioral-electrophysiological link in the somatotopically organized tactile duration aftereffect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Jianrong Jia
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Lihan Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7749-7758. [PMID: 32928883 PMCID: PMC7531545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0078-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of duration in the subsecond range has been hypothesized to be mediated by the population response of duration-sensitive units, each tuned to a preferred duration. One line of support for this hypothesis comes from neuroimaging studies showing that cortical regions, such as in parietal cortex exhibit duration tuning. It remains unclear whether this representation is based on the physical duration of the sensory input or the subjective duration, a question that is important given that our perception of the passage of time is often not veridical, but rather, biased by various contextual factors. Here we used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of subjective time perception in human participants. To manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant, we used an adaptation method, in which, before judging the duration of a test stimulus, the participants were exposed to a train of adapting stimuli of a fixed duration. Behaviorally, this procedure produced a pronounced negative aftereffect: A short adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as longer and a long adaptor-biased participants to judge stimuli as shorter. Duration tuning modulation, manifest as an attenuated BOLD response to stimuli similar in duration to the adaptor, was only observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe and middle occipital gyrus, bilaterally. Across individuals, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of duration tuning modulation in SMG. These results indicate that duration-tuned neural populations in right SMG reflect the subjective experience of time.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The subjective sense of time is a fundamental dimension of sensory experience. To investigate the neural basis of subjective time, we conducted an fMRI study, using an adaptation procedure that allowed us to manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant. Regions within the occipital cortex and right parietal lobe showed duration tuning that was modulated when the test stimuli were similar in duration to the adaptor. Moreover, the magnitude of the distortion in perceived duration was correlated with the degree of duration tuning modulation in the parietal region. These results provide strong physiological evidence that the population coding of time in the right parietal cortex reflects our subjective experience of time.
Collapse
|