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Mase A, Shibasaki M, Nakata H. Effects of inter-stimulus and inter-trial intervals on somatosensory gating. Somatosens Mot Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38804607 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2024.2358516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sensory gating is a human higher cognitive function that serves to suppress excessive sensory information and prevent brain overactivity. To elucidate this function, a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm has been used while recording electroencephalography (EEG), and evaluated as an amplitude ratio of responses to a second stimulus (S2) over responses to the first stimulus (S1). The present study investigated the effects of the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and inter-trial interval (ITI) on somatosensory gating using somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs). METHODS In Experiment 1, ISI was set at five conditions: 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ms. In Experiment 2, ITI was set at four conditions: 1, 2, 4, and 8 s. RESULTS ISI affected the S2/S1 amplitude ratios of P22 and N27 at C3' and N30 at Fz, and these S2/S1 amplitude ratios decreased the most under the 200 and 400-ms conditions. ITI affected the S2/S1 amplitude ratios of P22, N27, and N60 at C3', and especially, the somatosensory gating did not work under the 1-s condition. These results suggest that not all SEP components are modulated in the same manner with changing ISI and ITI. The effects of ISI and ITI independently affected the somatosensory gating. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, preferable parameters are 200-400 ms for ISI and 4 s or longer for ITI to evaluate the functional mechanisms on somatosensory gating in SEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Mase
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Manabu Shibasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Nara Women's University, Nara City, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Faculty of Engineering, Nara Women's University, Nara City, Japan
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2
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Strohm AO, O'Connor TN, Oldfield S, Young S, Hammond C, McCall M, Dirksen RT, Majewska AK. Cortical microglia dynamics are conserved during voluntary wheel running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:89-108. [PMID: 37969082 PMCID: PMC11212787 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00311.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of chronic in vivo imaging of microglia in mice undergoing voluntary wheel running. We find that healthy mice undergoing voluntary wheel running have similar microglia dynamics, morphologies, and responses to injury when compared to sedentary mice. This suggests that exercise over a period of 1 mo does not grossly alter cortical microglial phenotypes and that exercise may exert its beneficial effects on the brain through other mechanisms. Future work examining how microglia dynamics may be altered during exercise in disease or injury models could provide further insights into the therapeutic benefit of exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate the first use of chronic in vivo imaging of microglia over time during physical exercise. We found that microglia movement, morphology, and process motility were remarkably stable during voluntary wheel running (VWR). Additionally, microglia in running mice respond similarly to laser ablation injury compared to sedentary mice. These findings indicate that VWR does not induce changes in microglia dynamics in healthy adults. Exercise may elicit positive effects on the brain through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra O Strohm
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Sadie Oldfield
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Sala Young
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Christian Hammond
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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Ordás CM, Alonso-Frech F. The neural basis of somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold as a paradigm for time processing in the sub-second range: An updated review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105486. [PMID: 38040074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The temporal aspect of somesthesia is a feature of any somatosensory process and a pre-requisite for the elaboration of proper behavior. Time processing in the milliseconds range is crucial for most of behaviors in everyday life. The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is the ability to perceive two successive stimuli as separate in time, and deals with time processing in this temporal range. Herein, we focus on the physiology of STDT, on a background of the anatomophysiology of somesthesia and the neurobiological substrates of timing. METHODS A review of the literature through PubMed & Cochrane databases until March 2023 was performed with inclusion and exclusion criteria following PRISMA recommendations. RESULTS 1151 abstracts were identified. 4 duplicate records were discarded before screening. 957 abstracts were excluded because of redundancy, less relevant content or not English-written. 4 were added after revision. Eventually, 194 articles were included. CONCLUSIONS STDT encoding relies on intracortical inhibitory S1 function and is modulated by the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical interplay through circuits involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and probably the superior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ordás
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Yamashiro K, Shiiya K, Ikarashi K, Anazawa S, Makibuchi T, Baba Y, Fujimoto T, Ochi G, Omori G, Sato D. Reduced somatosensory evoked potentials and paired-pulse inhibition in the primary somatosensory cortex of athletes with chronic pain. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2537-2543. [PMID: 37330433 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic pain impedes athletic training and performance. However, it is challenging to identify the precise causes of chronic pain for effective treatment. To examine possible neuroplastic changes in sensory transmission and cortical processing, we compared somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) in primary sensory cortex (S1) between athletes with chronic pain and control athletes. METHODS Sixty-six intercollegiate athletes (39 males and 27 females) were recruited for this study, 45 control athletes and 21 reporting persistent pain for > 3 months. Sensory-evoked potentials were induced in S1 by constant-current square-wave pulses (0.2-ms duration) delivered to the right median nerve, while PPI was induced by paired stimulation at interstimulus intervals of 30 and 100 ms (PPI-30 and PPI-100 ms, respectively). All participants were randomly presented with total 1,500 (each 500 stimuli) single stimuli and stimulus pairs at 2 Hz. RESULTS Both N20 amplitude and PPI-30 ms were significantly lower in athletes with chronic pain compared to control athletes, while P25 amplitude and PPI-100 ms did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION Chronic pain in athletes is associated with substantially altered excitatory-inhibitory balance within the primary somatosensory cortex, possibly due to reduced thalamocortical excitatory transmission and suppressed cortical inhibitory transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
| | - Kanako Shiiya
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata, University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Sayaka Anazawa
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata, University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Taiki Makibuchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata, University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Go Omori
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
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Anazawa S, Yamashiro K, Makibuchi T, Ikarashi K, Fujimoto T, Ochi G, Sato D. Sex Differences in Excitatory and Inhibitory Function in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex during the Early Follicular Phase: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050761. [PMID: 37239233 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We examined sex differences in the excitatory and inhibitory functions of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) between males and females during the early follicular phase, when estradiol hormones are unaffected. METHODS Fifty participants (25 males and 25 females) underwent measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) in the S1; SEPs and PPI were elicited by constant current square-wave pulses (0.2 ms duration) delivered to the right median nerve by electrical stimulation. Paired-pulse stimulation occurred at 30- and 100-ms interstimulus intervals. Participants were randomly presented with 1500 (500 stimuli each) single- and paired-pulse stimuli at 2 Hz. RESULTS The N20 amplitude was significantly larger in female subjects than in male subjects, and the PPI-30 ms was significantly potentiated in female subjects compared to that in male subjects. CONCLUSIONS The excitatory and inhibitory functions in S1 differ between male and female subjects, at least during the early follicular phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Anazawa
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Taiki Makibuchi
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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Tsujinaka R, Oda H, Fukuda S, Hamada N, Matsuoka M, Hiraoka K. Afferent volley from the digital nerve induces short-latency facilitation of perceptual sensitivity and primary sensory cortex excitability. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1339-1351. [PMID: 37012374 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined whether the perceptual sensitivity and excitability of the primary sensory cortex are modulated by the afferent volley from the digital nerve of a conditioned finger within a short period of time. The perceptual threshold of an electrical stimulus to the index finger (test stimulus) was decreased by a conditioning stimulus to the index finger 4 or 6 ms before the test stimulus, or by a stimulus to the middle or ring finger 2 ms before that. This is explained by the view that the afferent volleys from the digital nerves of the fingers converge in the somatosensory areas, causing spatial summation of the afferent inputs through a small number of synaptic relays, leading to the facilitation of perceptual sensitivity. The N20 component of the somatosensory-evoked potential was facilitated by a conditioning stimulus to the middle finger 4 ms before a test stimulus or to the thumb 2 ms before the test stimulus. This is explained by the view that the afferent volley from the digital nerve of the finger adjacent to the tested finger induces lateral facilitation of the representation of the tested finger in the primary sensory cortex through a small number of synaptic relays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsujinaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Shiho Fukuda
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsuoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Koichi Hiraoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan.
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Pham MV, Saito K, Miyaguchi S, Watanabe H, Ikarashi H, Nagasaka K, Yokota H, Kojima S, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. Changes in excitability and GABAergic neuronal activity of the primary somatosensory cortex after motor learning. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:794173. [PMID: 36203802 PMCID: PMC9530600 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.794173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is widely known that motor learning changes the excitability of the primary motor cortex. More recently, it has been shown that the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) also plays an important role in motor learning, but the details have not been fully examined. Therefore, we investigated how motor skill training affects somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in 30 neurologically healthy subjects. Methods SEP N20/P25_component and N20/P25 SEP paired-pulse depression (SEP-PPD) were assessed before and immediately after complex or simple visuomotor tasks. Results Motor learning was induced more efficiently by the complex visuomotor task than by the simple visuomotor task. Both the N20/P25 SEP amplitude and N20/P25 SEP-PPD increased significantly immediately after the complex visuomotor task, but not after the simple visuomotor task. Furthermore, the altered N20/P25 SEP amplitude was associated with an increase in motor learning efficiency. Conclusion These results suggest that motor learning modulated primary somatosensory cortex excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Van Pham
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hai Duong Medical Technical University, Hai Duong, Vietnam
| | - Kei Saito
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kei Saito,
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiraku Watanabe
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagasaka
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Yokota
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Inukai
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naofumi Otsuru
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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Maudrich T, Hähner S, Kenville R, Ragert P. Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials as a Marker of Functional Neuroplasticity in Athletes: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821605. [PMID: 35111081 PMCID: PMC8801701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) represent a non-invasive tool to assess neural responses elicited by somatosensory stimuli acquired via electrophysiological recordings. To date, there is no comprehensive evaluation of SEPs for the diagnostic investigation of exercise-induced functional neuroplasticity. This systematic review aims at highlighting the potential of SEP measurements as a diagnostic tool to investigate exercise-induced functional neuroplasticity of the sensorimotor system by reviewing studies comparing SEP parameters between athletes and healthy controls who are not involved in organized sports as well as between athlete cohorts of different sport disciplines. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) by two independent researchers. Three hundred and ninety-seven records were identified, of which 10 cross-sectional studies were considered eligible. Results Differences in SEP amplitudes and latencies between athletes and healthy controls or between athletes of different cohorts as well as associations between SEP parameters and demographic/behavioral variables (years of training, hours of training per week & reaction time) were observed in seven out of 10 included studies. In particular, several studies highlight differences in short- and long-latency SEP parameters, as well as high-frequency oscillations (HFO) when comparing athletes and healthy controls. Neuroplastic differences in athletes appear to be modality-specific as well as dependent on training regimens and sport-specific requirements. This is exemplified by differences in SEP parameters of various athlete populations after stimulation of their primarily trained limb. Conclusion Taken together, the existing literature suggests that athletes show specific functional neuroplasticity in the somatosensory system. Therefore, this systematic review highlights the potential of SEP measurements as an easy-to-use and inexpensive diagnostic tool to investigate functional neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor system of athletes. However, there are limitations regarding the small sample sizes and inconsistent methodology of SEP measurements in the studies reviewed. Therefore, future intervention studies are needed to verify and extend the conclusions drawn here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Maudrich
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tom Maudrich
| | - Susanne Hähner
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rouven Kenville
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Ikarashi K, Iguchi K, Yamazaki Y, Yamashiro K, Baba Y, Sato D. Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Neural Excitability in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex and Ankle Joint Position Sense. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 1:167-178. [PMID: 33786480 PMCID: PMC7784724 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ankle sprain (AS) is one of the most common injuries among women engaged in competitive sports and recreational activities. Many studies have shown that several factors contributing to AS are influenced by the menstrual cycle. Despite the finding that abnormal joint position sense (JPS) is one of the major risk factors of AS, the alteration of the JPS throughout the menstrual cycle and its associated neural mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine whether the menstrual cycle phases affect neural excitability in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and JPS. Methods: Fourteen right-footed women participated in this study. Somatosensory-evoked potential and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) were measured to assess S1 excitatory and inhibitory functions. Ankle JPS was measured using an active joint position matching method. Menstrual syndrome was evaluated using the menstrual distress questionnaire. All assessments were conducted in the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases. Results: The two main findings of this study were as follows: First, PPI decreased in the ovulatory phase than in the follicular phase. This may have been the reason for estrogen altering the neural inhibition and facilitation balance throughout the menstrual cycle. Second, JPS was not changed during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: In conclusion, phases of the menstrual cycle affect the neural excitability in S1 as shown by the decreased PPI in the ovulatory phase, and the ankle JPS was unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyuki Ikarashi
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaho Iguchi
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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