1
|
Zhu J, Gu R, Shi L, Su Y. Altered intrinsic brain activity in patients with neuropathic pain after brachial plexus avulsion. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110831. [PMID: 38056510 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate brain activity changes in patients suffering from neuropathic pain (NP) following brachial plexus avulsion (BPA). METHODS Fifteen patients with NP following BPA and eight healthy participants (HP) were recruited for this study. All participants underwent examination using resting-state functional MRI. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated and compared between the BPA group, left-BPA subgroup, right-BPA subgroup, and the HP group using independent samples t-tests. RESULTS In the BPA group, there were notable increases in ALFF/ReHo observed in the left rolandic operculum, insula, and supramarginal gyrus, while decreases were observed in the left paracentral lobule, fusiform gyrus, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, lingual gyrus, precuneus, as well as the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum. In the left-BPA subgroup, elevated ALFF/ReHo levels were identified in the left middle/inferior frontal gyri, rolandic operculum, and supramarginal gyrus, with corresponding decreases in the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, as well as the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, postcentral gyri, supplementary motor area, paracentral lobules, and cerebellum. The right-BPA subgroup displayed increased ALFF/ReHo in the left frontal lobe, rolandic operculum, insula, fusiform gyrus, and lingual gyrus, as well as the right cerebellum. Conversely, decreases in ALFF/ReHo were observed in the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, cuneus, and occipital lobes. CONCLUSIONS The NP after BPA caused spontaneous activity changes in brain regions associated with linguistic, visual, somatosensory, and motor coordination and processing function. The majority of these abnormal areas were situated in the left cerebral hemisphere, while the effect of cingulate gyri and cerebellum seemed to be bilateral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Yibing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Liu L, Li Y, Wang K, Zheng G, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Wen B. Altered local spontaneous brain activity pattern in children with right-eye amblyopia of varying degrees: evidence from fMRI. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1757-1766. [PMID: 37749259 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the abnormal changes of local brain activity in children with right-eye amblyopia of varying degrees. METHODS Data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected from 16 children with severe amblyopia, 17 children with mild to moderate amblyopia, and 15 children with normal binocular vision. Local brain activity was analyzed using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). RESULTS There were extensive ALFF differences among the three groups in 10 brain regions. There were extensive differences in ReHo among the three groups in 11 brain regions. The ALFF and ReHo of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus displayed a significantly positive correlation with the best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye, respectively. The ALFF value and ReHo value of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus followed the pattern of normal control < mild to moderate amblyopia < severe amblyopia. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that there were changes in specific patterns of ALFF and ReHo in children with right-eye amblyopia of different degrees in brain regions performing visual sensorimotor and attentional control functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uher D, Drenthen GS, Schijns OEMG, Colon AJ, Hofman PAM, van Lanen RHGJ, Hoeberigs CM, Jansen JFA, Backes WH. Advances in Image Processing for Epileptogenic Zone Detection with MRI. Radiology 2023; 307:e220927. [PMID: 37129491 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Focal epilepsy is a common and severe neurologic disorder. Neuroimaging aims to identify the epileptogenic zone (EZ), preferably as a macroscopic structural lesion. For approximately a third of patients with chronic drug-resistant focal epilepsy, the EZ cannot be precisely identified using standard 3.0-T MRI. This may be due to either the EZ being undetectable at imaging or the seizure activity being caused by a physiologic abnormality rather than a structural lesion. Computational image processing has recently been shown to aid radiologic assessments and increase the success rate of uncovering suspicious regions by enhancing their visual conspicuity. While structural image analysis is at the forefront of EZ detection, physiologic image analysis has also been shown to provide valuable information about EZ location. This narrative review summarizes and explains the current state-of-the-art computational approaches for image analysis and presents their potential for EZ detection. Current limitations of the methods and possible future directions to augment EZ detection are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uher
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Gerhard S Drenthen
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Olaf E M G Schijns
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Albert J Colon
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Paul A M Hofman
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Rick H G J van Lanen
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Christianne M Hoeberigs
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| | - Walter H Backes
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.U., G.S.D., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.) and Department of Neurosurgery (O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (D.U., G.S.D., O.E.M.G.S., R.H.G.J.v.L., J.F.A.J., W.H.B.); Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe and Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands (O.E.M.G.S., A.J.C., P.A.M.H., C.M.H., J.F.A.J.); and Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (J.F.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim D, Kim T, Hwang Y, Lee CY, Joo EY, Seo DW, Hong SB, Shon YM. Prediction of the Responsiveness to Vagus-Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy via Directed-Transfer-Function Analysis of Their Perioperative Scalp EEGs. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133695. [PMID: 35806980 PMCID: PMC9267399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare directed transfer function (DTF), which is an effective connectivity analysis, derived from scalp EEGs between responder and nonresponder groups implanted with vagus-nerve stimulation (VNS). Twelve patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (six responders and six nonresponders) and ten controls were recruited. A good response to VNS was defined as a reduction of ≥50% in seizure frequency compared with the presurgical baseline. DTF was calculated in five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and broadband) and seven grouped electrode regions (left and right frontal, temporal, parieto-occipital, and midline) in three different states (presurgical, stimulation-on, and stimulation-off states). Responders showed presurgical nodal strength close to the control group in both inflow and outflow, whereas nonresponders exhibited increased inward and outward connectivity measures. Nonresponders also had increased inward and outward connectivity measures in the various brain regions and various frequency bands assessed compared with the control group when the stimulation was on or off. Our study demonstrated that the presurgical DTF profiles of responders were different from those of nonresponders. Moreover, a presurgical normal DTF profile may predict good responsiveness to VNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAHIST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Korea;
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (E.Y.J.); (D.-W.S.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (E.Y.J.); (D.-W.S.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Dae-Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (E.Y.J.); (D.-W.S.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Seung Bong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (E.Y.J.); (D.-W.S.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAHIST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (E.Y.J.); (D.-W.S.); (S.B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Möbius H, Welkoborsky HJ. Vagus nerve stimulation for conservative therapy-refractive epilepsy and depression. Laryngorhinootologie 2022; 101:S114-S143. [PMID: 35605616 DOI: 10.1055/a-1660-5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies confirm that the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an efficient, indirect neuromodulatory therapy with electrically induced current for epilepsy that cannot be treated by epilepsy surgery and is therapy-refractory and for drug therapy-refractory depression. VNS is an established, evidence-based and in the long-term cost-effective therapy in an interdisciplinary overall concept.Long-term data on the safety and tolerance of the method are available despite the heterogeneity of the patient populations. Stimulation-related side effects like hoarseness, paresthesia, cough or dyspnea depend on the stimulation strength and often decrease with continuing therapy duration in the following years. Stimulation-related side effects of VNS can be well influenced by modifying the stimulation parameters. Overall, the invasive vagus nerve stimulation may be considered as a safe and well-tolerated therapy option.For invasive and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, antiepileptic and antidepressant as well as positive cognitive effects could be proven. In contrast to drugs, VNS has no negative effect on cognition. In many cases, an improvement of the quality of life is possible.iVNS therapy has a low probability of complete seizure-freedom in cases of focal and genetically generalized epilepsy. It must be considered as palliative therapy, which means that it does not lead to healing and requires the continuation of specific medication. The functional principle is a general reduction of the neuronal excitability. This effect is achieved by a slow increase of the effectiveness sometimes over several years. Responders are those patients who experience a 50% reduction of the seizure incidence. Some studies even reveal seizure-freedom in 20% of the cases. Currently, it is not possible to differentiate between potential responders and non-responders before therapy/implantation.The current technical developments of the iVNS generators of the new generation like closed-loop system (cardiac-based seizure detection, CBSD) reduce also the risk for SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients), a very rare, lethal complication of epilepsies, beside the seizure severity.iVNS may deteriorate an existing sleep apnea syndrome and therefore requires possible therapy interruption during nighttime (day-night programming or magnet use) beside the close cooperation with sleep physicians.The evaluation of the numerous iVNS trials of the past two decades showed multiple positive effects on other immunological, cardiological, and gastroenterological diseases so that additional therapy indications may be expected depending on future study results. Currently, the vagus nerve stimulation is in the focus of research in the disciplines of psychology, immunology, cardiology as well as pain and plasticity research with the desired potential of future medical application.Beside invasive vagus nerve stimulation with implantation of an IPG and an electrode, also devices for transdermal and thus non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation have been developed during the last years. According to the data that are currently available, they are less effective with regard to the reduction of the seizure severity and duration in cases of therapy-refractory epilepsy and slightly less effective regarding the improvement of depression symptoms. In this context, studies are missing that confirm high evidence of effectiveness. The same is true for the other indications that have been mentioned like tinnitus, cephalgia, gastrointestinal complaints etc. Another disadvantage of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is that the stimulators have to be applied actively by the patients and are not permanently active, in contrast to implanted iVNS therapy systems. So they are only intermittently active; furthermore, the therapy adherence is uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Möbius
- Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover.,Abt. für HNO-Heilkunde, Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannover
| | - H J Welkoborsky
- Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover.,Abt. für HNO-Heilkunde, Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannover
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Zhan G, Cai Z, Jiao B, Zhao Y, Li S, Luo A. Vagus nerve stimulation in brain diseases: Therapeutic applications and biological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:37-53. [PMID: 33894241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases, have posed a deleterious threat to human health and brought a great burden to society and the healthcare system. With the development of medical technology, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy, refractory depression, cluster headaches, and migraines. Furthermore, current evidence showed promising results towards the treatment of more brain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Nonetheless, the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of VNS in brain diseases remain only partially elucidated. This review aims to delve into the relevant preclinical and clinical studies and update the progress of VNS applications and its potential mechanisms underlying the biological effects in brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ziwen Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|