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Ferrari N, Schmidt N, Bae-Gartz I, Vohlen C, Alcazar MAA, Brockmeier K, Dötsch J, Mahabir E, Joisten C. Maternal Exercise during Pregnancy Impacts Motor Performance in 9-Year-Old Children: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1797. [PMID: 38002888 PMCID: PMC10670111 DOI: 10.3390/children10111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of maternal physical activity during pregnancy are well documented, but long-term effects on the child have been less studied. Therefore, we conducted a pilot follow-up study of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy that aimed to investigate whether exercise (endurance and strength training) during pregnancy affects motor performance and body composition of children up to 9 years of age, as well as possible influencing factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lifestyle. Eleven mother-child pairs from the intervention and eight mother-child pairs from the control group were included. From birth up to 9 years of age, no differences in body mass index (BMI) or body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) were found between the groups. Lifestyle intervention was one of the influencing factors for children's cardiorespiratory endurance capacity and coordination. Moreover, maternal BDNF in the last trimester was significantly associated with running performance, which may be due to better neuronal development. This is the first study evaluating the effects of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy on the motor performance 9 years after birth. Children's participation in exercise programs over the past 9 years was not continuously recorded and therefore not included in the analysis. Even a cautious interpretation of these results indicates that a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy is essential in promoting child health. Larger studies and randomized control trials are necessary to confirm our results, especially those pertaining to the role of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood, Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikola Schmidt
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- The German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood, Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood, Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood, Youth/Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Sasaki R, Miyaguchi S, Onishi H. Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms on motor performance and motor learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2021; 420:113712. [PMID: 34915075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms may modulate neurotransmitter efficiency, thereby influencing motor performance and motor learning. However, studies to date have provided no consensus regarding the genetic influence of BDNF genotypes (i.e., Val/Val, Val/Met, or Met/Met type). This study aimed to investigate the effect of BDNF genotype on motor performance and motor learning in healthy human adults via a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 19 relevant studies were identified using PubMed and Web of Science search for articles published between 2000 and 2021 with motor performance or motor learning as the primary outcome measures. The results of our systematic review suggest that the BDNF genotype is unlikely to contribute to motor performance and motor learning abilities because only 2/32 datasets (6.3%) from 16 studies on motor performance and 3/19 datasets (17.6%) from 13 studies on motor learning indicated a significant genetic effect. Moreover, a meta-analysis of motor learning publications involving 17 datasets from 11 studies revealed that there was no significant difference in the learning score normalized using baseline data between Val/Val and Met carriers (Val/Met + Met/Met or Val/Met; standardized mean differences = 0.08, P = 0.37) with zero heterogeneity (I2 = 0) and a relatively low risk of publication bias. Taken together, the BDNF genotype may have only a minor impact on individual motor performance and motor learning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Sasaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan; Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan.
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