1
|
Sgambato V. The Serotonin 4 Receptor Subtype: A Target of Particular Interest, Especially for Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5245. [PMID: 38791281 PMCID: PMC11121119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the serotonin 4 receptor, which is well expressed in the brain, but also peripherally in various organs. The cerebral distribution of this receptor is well conserved across species, with high densities in the basal ganglia, where they are expressed by GABAergic neurons. The 5-HT4 receptor is also present in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, where they are carried by glutamatergic or cholinergic neurons. Outside the central nervous system, the 5-HT4 receptor is notably expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. The wide distribution of the 5-HT4 receptor undoubtedly contributes to its involvement in a plethora of functions. In addition, the modulation of this receptor influences the release of serotonin, but also the release of other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine. This is a considerable asset, as the modulation of the 5-HT4 receptor can therefore play a direct or indirect beneficial role in various disorders. One of the main advantages of this receptor is that it mediates a much faster antidepressant and anxiolytic action than classical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Another major benefit of the 5-HT4 receptor is that its activation enhances cognitive performance, probably via the release of acetylcholine. The expression of the 5-HT4 receptor is also altered in various eating disorders, and its activation by the 5-HT4 agonist negatively regulates food intake. Additionally, although the cerebral expression of this receptor is modified in certain movement-related disorders, it is still yet to be determined whether this receptor plays a key role in their pathophysiology. Finally, there is no longer any need to demonstrate the value of 5-HT4 receptor agonists in the pharmacological management of gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sgambato
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (ISCMJ), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5229 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 69675 Bron, France; ; Tel.: +33-4379-11249
- UFR Biosciences, Université de Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Liu J, Hui Y, Wu Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Bai Y, Li J, Zhang L, Xi Y, Zhang Q, Li L. Long-term intermittent theta burst stimulation enhanced hippocampus-dependent memory by regulating hippocampal theta oscillation and neurotransmitter levels in healthy rats. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105671. [PMID: 38157888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an updated pattern of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, is a potential candidate for improving memory. The hippocampus has been shown to be involved in the memory-enhancing effect induced by iTBS. However, it remains largely unknown whether this effect is achieved by regulating hippocampal theta oscillation and neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, which are strongly related to memory. Thus, we investigated the effect of 14 days of iTBS on hippocampus-dependent memory and further explored the roles of hippocampal theta oscillation and neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate in this effect. We found that compared to sham iTBS, real iTBS enhanced hippocampus-dependent memory measured by hole-board test and object place recognition test. Further, real iTBS increased the density of c-Fos positive neurons and normalized power of theta oscillation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) compared to sham iTBS. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in the level of extracellular GABA and an increase in the level of extracellular glutamate in the dHip after real iTBS. Our results suggest that long-term iTBS improved hippocampus-dependent memory, which may be attributed to the enhancement of theta oscillation and altered levels of extracellular GABA and glutamate in the dHip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanping Hui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhongheng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yihua Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aminopeptidase Activities Interact Asymmetrically between Brain, Plasma and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats Unilaterally Depleted of Dopamine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102457. [PMID: 36289718 PMCID: PMC9598709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain dopamine, in relation to the limbic system, is involved in cognition and emotion. These functions are asymmetrically processed. Hypertension not only alters such functions but also their asymmetric brain pattern as well as their bilateral pattern of neurovisceral integration. The central and peripheral renin-angiotensin systems, particularly the aminopeptidases involved in its enzymatic cascade, play an important role in blood pressure control. In the present study, we report how these aminopeptidases from left and right cortico-limbic locations, plasma and systolic blood pressure interact among them in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) unilaterally depleted of dopamine. The study comprises left and right sham and left and right lesioned (dopamine-depleted) rats as research groups. Results revealed important differences in the bilateral behavior comparing sham left versus sham right, lesioned left versus lesioned right, and sham versus lesioned animals. Results also suggest an important role for the asymmetrical functioning of the amygdala in cardiovascular control and an asymmetrical behavior in the interaction between the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala with plasma, depending on the left or right depletion of dopamine. Compared with previous results of a similar study in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats, the asymmetrical behaviors differ significantly between both WKY and SHR strains.
Collapse
|