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HIV-1 Vpr induces interferon-stimulated genes in human monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106418. [PMID: 25170834 PMCID: PMC4149569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages act as reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and play an important role in its transmission to other cells. HIV-1 Vpr is a multi-functional protein involved in HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis; however, its exact role in HIV-1-infected human macrophages remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a microarray approach to explore the effects of HIV-1 Vpr on the transcriptional profile of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). More than 500 genes, mainly those involved in the innate immune response, the type I interferon pathway, cytokine production, and signal transduction, were differentially regulated (fold change >2.0) after infection with a recombinant adenovirus expressing HIV-1 Vpr protein. The differential expression profiles of select interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes involved in the innate immune response, including STAT1, IRF7, MX1, MX2, ISG15, ISG20, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFI27, IFI44L, APOBEC3A, DDX58 (RIG-I), TNFSF10 (TRAIL), and RSAD2 (viperin) were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and were consistent with the microarray data. In addition, at the post-translational level, HIV-1 Vpr induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at tyrosine 701 in human MDMs. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpr leads to the induction of ISGs and expand the current understanding of the function of Vpr and its role in HIV-1 immune pathogenesis.
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Maudet C, Sourisce A, Dragin L, Lahouassa H, Rain JC, Bouaziz S, Ramirez BC, Margottin-Goguet F. HIV-1 Vpr induces the degradation of ZIP and sZIP, adaptors of the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex, by hijacking DCAF1/VprBP. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77320. [PMID: 24116224 PMCID: PMC3792905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vpr protein from type 1 and type 2 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) is thought to inactivate several host proteins through the hijacking of the DCAF1 adaptor of the Cul4A ubiquitin ligase. Here, we identified two transcriptional regulators, ZIP and sZIP, as Vpr-binding proteins degraded in the presence of Vpr. ZIP and sZIP have been shown to act through the recruitment of the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex. Strikingly, chromatin is the only cellular fraction where Vpr is present together with Cul4A ubiquitin ligase subunits. Components of the NuRD complex and exogenous ZIP and sZIP were also associated with this fraction. Several lines of evidence indicate that Vpr induces ZIP and sZIP degradation by hijacking DCAF1: (i) Vpr induced a drastic decrease of exogenously expressed ZIP and sZIP in a dose-dependent manner, (ii) this decrease relied on the proteasome activity, (iii) ZIP or sZIP degradation was impaired in the presence of a DCAF1-binding deficient Vpr mutant or when DCAF1 expression was silenced. Vpr-mediated ZIP and sZIP degradation did not correlate with the growth-related Vpr activities, namely G2 arrest and G2 arrest-independent cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, infection with HIV-1 viruses expressing Vpr led to the degradation of the two proteins. Altogether our results highlight the existence of two host transcription factors inactivated by Vpr. The role of Vpr-mediated ZIP and sZIP degradation in the HIV-1 replication cycle remains to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maudet
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adèle Sourisce
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Dragin
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hichem Lahouassa
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Bouaziz
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8015, Paris, France
| | - Bertha Cécilia Ramirez
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Margottin-Goguet
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Duskova K, Nagilla P, Le HS, Iyer P, Thalamuthu A, Martinson J, Bar-Joseph Z, Buchanan W, Rinaldo C, Ayyavoo V. MicroRNA regulation and its effects on cellular transcriptome in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 cell counts. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:250. [PMID: 23721325 PMCID: PMC3680326 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in the absence of therapy varies significantly in HIV-1 infected individuals. Both viral and host cellular molecules are implicated; however, the exact role of these factors and/or the mechanism involved remains elusive. To understand how microRNAs (miRNAs), which are regulators of transcription and translation, influence host cellular gene expression (mRNA) during HIV-1 infection, we performed a comparative miRNA and mRNA microarray analysis using PBMCs obtained from infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts. Methods RNA isolated from PBMCs obtained from HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 positive individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts were assessed for miRNA and mRNA profile. Selected miRNA and mRNA transcripts were validated using in vivo and in vitro infection model. Results Our results indicate that HIV-1 positive individuals with high viral load (HVL) showed a dysregulation of 191 miRNAs and 309 mRNA transcripts compared to the uninfected age and sex matched controls. The miRNAs miR-19b, 146a, 615-3p, 382, 34a, 144 and 155, that are known to target innate and inflammatory factors, were significantly upregulated in PBMCs with high viral load, as were the inflammatory molecules CXCL5, CCL2, IL6 and IL8, whereas defensin, CD4, ALDH1, and Neurogranin (NRGN) were significantly downregulated. Using the transcriptome profile and predicted target genes, we constructed the regulatory networks of miRNA-mRNA pairs that were differentially expressed between control, LVL and HVL subjects. The regulatory network revealed an inverse correlation of several miRNA-mRNA pair expression patterns, suggesting HIV-1 mediated transcriptional regulation is in part likely through miRNA regulation. Conclusions Results from our studies indicate that gene expression is significantly altered in PBMCs in response to virus replication. It is interesting to note that the infected individuals with low or undetectable viral load exhibit a gene expression profile very similar to control or uninfected subjects. Importantly, we identified several new mRNA targets (Defensin, Neurogranin, AIF) as well as the miRNAs that could be involved in regulating their expression through the miRNA-mRNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Duskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 425 Parran Hall, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Capalbo G, Mueller-Kuller T, Markovic S, Klein SA, Dietrich U, Hoelzer D, Ottmann OG, Scheuring UJ. Knockdown of ERM family member moesin in host cells increases HIV type 1 replication. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:1317-22. [PMID: 21486194 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of cytoskeleton/membrane structure organizing and signal transduction proteins. Previously, we found an increased expression of moesin during HIV-1 infection. Moesin was also reported to be incorporated into HIV-1 virions. To analyze whether moesin is a host factor affecting the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to evaluate the effect of moesin knockdown on HIV-1 replication in P4-CCR5 cells. Moesin's knockdown did not affect the cell viability or cell phenotype. Interestingly, we observed a marked increase in viral replication, as demonstrated by enhanced HIV-1 RNA, p24 antigen, and ß-galactosidase reporter expression. Moesin-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 replication was confirmed in lymphocytic host cells (Jurkat). These results suggest an overall rather restrictive role of moesin for HIV-1 replication in host cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Capalbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thea Mueller-Kuller
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Markovic
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Klein
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Dietrich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoelzer
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Ottmann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Urban J. Scheuring
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J. W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Capalbo G, Müller-Kuller T, Ottmann OG, Hoelzer D, Scheuring UJ. HIV-1 infection suppresses expression of host cell cycle-associated gene PDS5A. Intervirology 2011; 55:263-75. [PMID: 21865657 DOI: 10.1159/000328323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To unravel the interplay between HIV-1 and its host cell, the effect of HIV-1 infection on cellular gene expression was investigated. METHODS HIV-1(SF33)-infected and uninfected H9 T cells were screened by differential display and RNase protection assay. The finding (PDS5A) was confirmed in HIV-1(Lai)-infected P4-CCR5 HeLa cells, which were also examined after PDS5A siRNA knockdown in regard to HIV-1 replication by quantitative RT-PCR, p24 ELISA and LTR-driven β-galactosidase expression. The PDS5A knockdown effect on cellular gene expressions was studied by microarray analysis. PDS5A tissue expression was determined by Northern blotting. RESULTS Regulator of cohesion maintenance, homolog A (PDS5A) was found to be down-regulated by HIV-1. When PDS5A was suppressed by siRNA, HIV-1 replication was unaffected. PDS5A was found to be highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, and to lesser degrees in pancreas, heart, placenta, lung, kidney, liver and brain. Microarray analysis of PDS5A knockdown revealed 91 differential gene products over-representing cell cycle, transport and protein stability regulation, including 4 genes (PP2A, RANTES, PCAF, TCF7L2) previously reported to interact with HIV-1. CONCLUSION The data show a downregulation of proliferation-associated host gene PDS5A and suggest a role of PDS5A in HIV-1-induced cellular pathogenesis but not viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Capalbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Capalbo G, Müller-Kuller T, Dietrich U, Hoelzer D, Ottmann OG, Scheuring UJ. Inhibition of X4-tropic HIV type 1 replication by knockdown of the cellular protein LEREPO4. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26:1155-61. [PMID: 20925576 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and host cell factors show important mutual interactions. We found that HIV-1 infection induced expression of a likely ortholog of mouse immediate early response erythropoietin 4 (LEREPO4) in vitro. When LEREPO4 expression was suppressed by siRNA in P4-CCR5 cells, HIV-1 replication showed significantly reduced HIV-1 transcript and p24 protein levels as measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. The LEREPO4 knockdown also had an inhibitory effect on HIV-1-LTR-driven reporter plasmid expression of β-galactosidase. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of LEREPO4 silencing on HIV-1 replication was confirmed in Jurkat T cells. The up-regulation of LEREPO4 by HIV-1 and the inhibition of HIV-1 replication mediated by knockdown of LEREPO4 may point to an important functional role of LEREPO4 as a novel HIV-1 dependency factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Capalbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases, J.W. Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Hapgood JP, Tomasicchio M. Modulation of HIV-1 virulence via the host glucocorticoid receptor: towards further understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1009-19. [PMID: 20446002 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a steroid receptor that regulates diverse functions, which include the immune response. In humans, the GR acts via binding to cortisol, resulting in the transcriptional modulation of key host genes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the host GR could be a key protein exploited by HIV at multiple levels to ensure its pathogenic success. Endogenous and therapeutic glucocorticoids play important roles in patients with HIV due to their well-established effects on immune function. AIDS patients develop glucocorticoid hypersensitivity, consistent with a mechanism involving an HIV-1-induced increase in expression or activity of the GR. Both the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr and the host GR affect transcription of viral proteins from the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of the HIV-1 promoter. In addition, Vpr modulates host GR function to affect transcription of host genes, most likely via direct interaction with the GR. Vpr appears to regulate GR function by acting as a co-activator for the GR. Since both the GR and Vpr are involved in apoptosis in T cells and dendritic cells, crosstalk between these proteins may also regulate apoptosis in these and other cells. Given that cortisol is not the only ligand that activates the GR, other endogenous as well as synthetic GR ligands such as progestins may also modulate HIV pathogenesis, in particular in the cervicovaginal environment. Investigating the molecular determinants, ligand-selectivity and role in HIV pathogenesis of the GR-Vpr interaction may lead to new strategies for development of anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Patricia Hapgood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by small interfering RNAs directed against glioma pathogenesis related protein (GliPR) expression. Retrovirology 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20356381 PMCID: PMC2859388 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that glioma pathogenesis related protein (GliPR) is induced in CEM T cells upon HIV-1 infection in vitro. To examine whether GliPR plays a role as HIV dependency factor (HDF), we tested the effect of GliPR suppression by siRNA on HIV-1 replication. RESULTS Induction of GliPR expression by HIV-1 was confirmed in P4-CCR5 cells. When GliPR was suppressed by siRNA, HIV-1 replication was significantly reduced as measured by HIV-1 transcript levels, HIV-1 p24 protein levels, and HIV-1 LTR-driven reporter gene expression, suggesting that GliPR is a cellular co-factor of HIV-1. Microarray analysis of uninfected HeLa cells following knockdown of GliPR revealed, among a multitude of gene expression alterations, a down-regulation of syndecan-1, syndecan-2, protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA), the catalytic subunit beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACB), nuclear receptor co-activator 3 (NCOA3), and cell surface protein CD59 (protectin), all genes having relevance for HIV-1 pathology. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation of GliPR by HIV-1 and the early significant inhibition of HIV-1 replication mediated by knockdown of GliPR reveal GliPR as an important HIV-1 dependency factor (HDF), which may be exploited for HIV-1 inhibition.
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Brown JN, Kohler JJ, Coberley CR, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM. HIV-1 activates macrophages independent of Toll-like receptors. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3664. [PMID: 19048100 PMCID: PMC2585009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages provide an interface between innate and adaptive immunity and are important long-lived reservoirs for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1). Multiple genetic networks involved in regulating signal transduction cascades and immune responses in macrophages are coordinately modulated by HIV-1 infection. Methodology/Principal Findings To evaluate complex interrelated processes and to assemble an integrated view of activated signaling networks, a systems biology strategy was applied to genomic and proteomic responses by primary human macrophages over the course of HIV-1 infection. Macrophage responses, including cell cycle, calcium, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and cytokines/chemokines, to HIV-1 were temporally regulated, in the absence of cell proliferation. In contrast, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways remained unaltered by HIV-1, although TLRs 3, 4, 7, and 8 were expressed and responded to ligand stimulation in macrophages. HIV-1 failed to activate phosphorylation of IRAK-1 or IRF-3, modulate intracellular protein levels of Mx1, an interferon-stimulated gene, or stimulate secretion of TNF, IL-1β, or IL-6. Activation of pathways other than TLR was inadequate to stimulate, via cross-talk mechanisms through molecular hubs, the production of proinflammatory cytokines typical of a TLR response. HIV-1 sensitized macrophage responses to TLR ligands, and the magnitude of viral priming was related to virus replication. Conclusions/Significance HIV-1 induced a primed, proinflammatory state, M1HIV, which increased the responsiveness of macrophages to TLR ligands. HIV-1 might passively evade pattern recognition, actively inhibit or suppress recognition and signaling, or require dynamic interactions between macrophages and other cells, such as lymphocytes or endothelial cells. HIV-1 evasion of TLR recognition and simultaneous priming of macrophages may represent a strategy for viral survival, contribute to immune pathogenesis, and provide important targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N. Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - James J. Kohler
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carter R. Coberley
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John W. Sleasman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine and All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maureen M. Goodenow
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shen C, Gupta P, Wu H, Chen X, Huang X, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Molecular characterization of the HIV type 1 vpr gene in infected Chinese former blood/plasma donors at different stages of diseases. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:661-6. [PMID: 18366311 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 vpr regions were PCR amplified and sequenced from eight long-term nonprogressors' (LTNP) and seven AIDS patients' DNA samples of a cohort of HIV-1-infected Chinese plasma/blood donors (PBDs). Sequence analysis revealed that the patients' HIV-1 vpr sequences belong to HIV-1 subtype B and there were no differences in the divergence of vpr sequences between these two groups of patients. Similarly, in the deduced amino acid sequences, no significant differences have been detected in vpr functional domains from patients at different stages of the disease. Moreover, the predicted binding motifs of HLA A2 and A11 were highly conserved among patients' vpr amino acid sequences. These results show that vpr may not play an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis in different stages of Chinese patients and may have important implications in developing vpr-related treatments suitable for HIV-1-infected PBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Capital University of Medical Science Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Phalguni Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Capital University of Medical Science Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Capital University of Medical Science Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Capital University of Medical Science Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Janket ML, DeRicco JS, Borowski L, Ayyavoo V. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) Vpr induced downregulation of NHE1 induces alteration in intracellular pH and loss of ERM complex in target cells. Virus Res 2007; 126:76-85. [PMID: 17349711 PMCID: PMC1950453 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr is known to dysregulate host cellular functions through its interaction with cellular proteins. Using a protein array we assessed Vpr-mediated differential regulation of host cellular proteins expression. Results demonstrated that Vpr differentially regulated host factors that are involved in functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. One of the most highly downregulated proteins attained was the sodium hydrogen exchanger, isoform 1 (NHE1), which showed a significant (60%) decrease in HIV-1 Vpr(+) virus infected cells as compared to HIV-1 Vpr(-) virus infected control. NHE1 downregulation further led to acidification of cells and was directly correlated with loss of ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) protein complex and decreased AKT phosphorylation. Vpr-mediated NHE1 dyregulation is in part through GR pathway as GR antagonist, mifepristone reversed Vpr-induced NHE1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Janket
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeremy S. DeRicco
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - LuAnn Borowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Velpandi Ayyavoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- *Corresponding author: Velpandi Ayyavoo, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Phone: (412) 624-3070, Fax: (412) 383-8926,
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Giri MS, Nebozhyn M, Showe L, Montaner LJ. Microarray data on gene modulation by HIV-1 in immune cells: 2000-2006. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:1031-43. [PMID: 16940334 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0306157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review 34 HIV microarray studies in human immune cells over the period of 2000-March 2006 with emphasis on analytical approaches used and conceptual advances on HIV modulation of target cells (CD4 T cell, macrophage) and nontargets such as NK cell, B cell, and dendritic cell subsets. Results to date address advances on gene modulation associated with immune dysregulation, susceptibility to apoptosis, virus replication, and viral persistence following in vitro or in vivo infection/exposure to HIV-1 virus or HIV-1 accessory proteins. In addition to gene modulation associated with known functional correlates of HIV infection and replication (e.g., T cell apoptosis), microarray data have yielded novel, potential mechanisms of HIV-mediated pathogenesis such as modulation of cholesterol biosynthetic genes in CD4 T cells (relevant to virus replication and infectivity) and modulation of proteasomes and histone deacetylases in chronically infected cell lines (relevant to virus latency). Intrinsic challenges in summarizing gene modulation studies remain in development of sound approaches for comparing data obtained using different platforms and analytical tools, deriving unifying concepts to distil the large volumes of data collected, and the necessity to impose a focus for validation on a small fraction of genes. Notwithstanding these challenges, the field overall continues to demonstrate progress in expanding the pool of target genes validated to date in in vitro and in vivo datasets and understanding the functional correlates of gene modulation to HIV-1 pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika S Giri
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Room 480, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Munier S, Delcroix-Genête D, Carthagéna L, Gumez A, Hazan U. Characterization of two candidate genes, NCoA3 and IRF8, potentially involved in the control of HIV-1 latency. Retrovirology 2005; 2:73. [PMID: 16305739 PMCID: PMC1310520 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-2-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs is the principal barrier preventing the eradication of HIV-1 infection in patients by current antiretroviral therapy. It is thus crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment, maintenance and reactivation of HIV-1 latency. Since chromatin remodeling has been implicated in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter, we assessed the role of the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) on two HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (U1 and ACH-2) gene expression. RESULTS Analysis of microarrays data led us to select two candidate genes: NCoA3 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3), a nuclear receptor coactivator and IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8), an interferon regulatory factor. NCoA3 gene expression is upregulated following NaB treatment of latently infected cells whereas IRF8 gene expression is strongly downregulated in the promonocytic cell line following NaB treatment. Their differential expressions were confirmed at the transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, NCoA3 gene expression was also upregulated after treatment of U1 and ACH-2 cells with phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA) but not trichostatin A (TSA) and after treatment with NaB of two others HIV-1 latently infected cell lines (OM10.1 and J1.1). IRF8 gene is only expressed in U1 cells and was also downregulated after treatment with PMA or TSA. Functional analyses confirmed that NCoA3 synergizes with Tat to enhance HIV-1 promoter transcription and that IRF8 represses the IRF1-mediated activation through the HIV-1 promoter Interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). CONCLUSION These results led us to postulate that NCoA3 could be involved in the transcriptional reactivation of the HIV-1 promoter from latency and that IRF8 may contribute to the maintenance of the latent state in the promonocytic cell line. Implication of these factors in the maintenance or reactivation of the viral latency may provide potential new targets to control HIV-1 replication in latent viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandie Munier
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567/CNRS UMR-S 8104/Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delcroix-Genête
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567/CNRS UMR-S 8104/Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Carthagéna
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567/CNRS UMR-S 8104/Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Gumez
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567/CNRS UMR-S 8104/Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Uriel Hazan
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567/CNRS UMR-S 8104/Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
- UFR de Biochimie, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris, France
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Miles MC, Janket ML, Wheeler EDA, Chattopadhyay A, Majumder B, Dericco J, Schafer EA, Ayyavoo V. Molecular and functional characterization of a novel splice variant of ANKHD1 that lacks the KH domain and its role in cell survival and apoptosis. FEBS J 2005; 272:4091-102. [PMID: 16098192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ankyrin repeat motif-containing proteins play an important role in protein-protein interactions. ANKHD1 proteins are known to possess multiple ankyrin repeat domains and a single KH domain with no known function. Using yeast two-hybrid system analysis, we identified a novel splice variant of ANKHD1. This splice variant of ANKHD1, which we designated as HIV-1 Vpr-binding ankyrin repeat protein (VBARP), does not contain the signature KH domain, and codes for only a single ankyrin repeat motif. We characterized VBARP by molecular and functional analysis, revealing that VBARP is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues as well as cell lines of different lineage. In addition, blast searches indicated that orthologs and homologs to VBARP exist in different phyla, suggesting that VBARP might be evolutionarily conserved, and thus may be involved in basic cellular function(s). Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed the presence of two VBARP isoforms coding for 69 and 49 kDa polypeptides, respectively, that are primarily localized in the cytoplasm. Functional analysis using short interfering RNA approaches indicate that this gene product is essential for cell survival through its regulation of caspases. Taken together, these results indicate that VBARP is a novel splice variant of ANKHD1 and may play a role in cellular apoptosis (antiapoptotic) and cell survival pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Miles
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261 , USA
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15
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Turriziani O, Butera O, Gianotti N, Parisi SG, Mazzi R, Girardi E, Iaiani G, Antonelli L, Lazzarin A, Antonelli G. Thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activity in mononuclear cells from antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2005; 19:473-9. [PMID: 15764852 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000162335.12815.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether an inter-individual variability in the activity of thymidine kinase (TK) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), which are involved in the first step of phosphorylation of some nucleoside analogues, exists in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-seropositive patients. DESIGN Forty-five randomly selected antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients were recruited, together with 26 healthy volunteers with no concurrent infection and under no pharmacological treatment. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from venous blood and their TK and dCK activities evaluated. CD4 T cells and HIV-RNA were measured in HIV-infected patients, too. RESULTS There was a broad range of variability in TK activity in HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, the activity in PBMC was significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals than in healthy volunteers. dCK activity in seropositive patients was significantly lower than in healthy volunteers. A marked inter-individual variability in dCK levels was observed in the HIV-infected group. No correlations were found between TK or dCK activities and plasma viral load, CD4 cell count, sex or age of patients. CONCLUSIONS A marked range of inter-individual variability of TK and dCK activities in PBMC exists in HIV-infected individuals but not in healthy volunteers, indicating that the activity of enzymes with key roles in drug activation could vary greatly from one patient to another. Furthermore, TK expression is greater in HIV-infected individuals than in healthy volunteers. Better understanding of the viral or cellular factors that contribute to this variability, as well as their effect on responses to antiretroviral treatment, may aid optimization of the management of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Virology Section, University La Sapienza, 28 00185 Rome, Italy
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Le Rouzic E, Benichou S. The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle. Retrovirology 2005; 2:11. [PMID: 15725353 PMCID: PMC554975 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encode the gag, pol and env genes and contain at least six supplementary open reading frames termed tat, rev, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu. While the tat and rev genes encode regulatory proteins absolutely required for virus replication, nef, vif, vpr, vpx and vpu encode for small proteins referred to "auxiliary" (or "accessory"), since their expression is usually dispensable for virus growth in many in vitro systems. However, these auxiliary proteins are essential for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. The two vpr- and vpx-related genes are found only in members of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group, whereas primate lentiviruses from other lineages (HIV-1, SIVcpz, SIVagm, SIVmnd and SIVsyk) contain a single vpr gene. In this review, we will mainly focus on vpr from HIV-1 and discuss the most recent developments in our understanding of Vpr functions and its role during the virus replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Le Rouzic
- Institut Cochin, Department of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut Cochin, Department of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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