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Chen Z, Li K, Yin X, Li H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Qiu Y. Lower Expression of Gelsolin in Colon Cancer and Its Diagnostic Value in Colon Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:1288-1296. [PMID: 30854138 PMCID: PMC6400693 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies causing the majority of cancer-related deaths. Gelsolin (GSN) has been found to be dysregulated in various cancers. However, the secreted GSN in colon cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the expression profile of GSN in colon cancer tissues and the diagnostic value of serum GSN in colon cancer. In addition, the effects of secreted GSN in colon cancer cells were studied. We thus found that immunoreactive GSN levels were significantly lower in colon cancer tissues than those in non-tumor colon tissues. Functional studies demonstrated that secreted GSN could restrain cell invasion and migration in vitro. Mechanistically, dose dependent recombinant GSN down-regulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, which might restrain the process of cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, serum levels of GSN were significantly lower in colon cancer patients than those in healthy volunteers, and ROC curves showed serum level of GSN had a better diagnostic value for colon cancer (AUC=0.932) than the traditional tumor biomarker Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) or Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA199). In conclusion, our results suggest that the secreted GSN restrains the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. Meanwhile, the serum GSN may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaifei Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Huayin Medical Laboratory Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chen CC, Chiou SH, Yang CL, Chow KC, Lin TY, Chang HW, You WC, Huang HW, Chen CM, Chen NC, Chou FP, Chou MC. Secreted gelsolin desensitizes and induces apoptosis of infiltrated lymphocytes in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77152-77167. [PMID: 29100377 PMCID: PMC5652770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of immunosurveillance is a major cause of cancer progression. Here, we demonstrate that gelsolin, a constituent of ejaculate, induces apoptosis of activated lymphocytes in prostate cancer. Gelsolin was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, and was associated with tumor progression, recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. In vitro, secreted gelsolin inactivated CD4+ T cells by binding to CD37, and induced apoptosis of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes by binding to Fas ligand during cell contact dependent on major histocompatibility complex I. Moreover, secreted gelsolin bound to sortilin, which in turn bound to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3, thereby enhancing the endocytosis and intracellular transport of essential lipids needed to facilitate tumor growth and expansion. Under normal conditions, gelsolin is a seemingly harmless protein that prevents immune responses in female recipients. In disease states, however, this protein can inhibit immunosurveillance and promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Section of Urology, Departments of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chang-Hua, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Her Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Weir-Chiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hisu-Wen Huang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Chi-Chi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Chi-Chi, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Pi Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu Z, Ono S. Regulatory role of the second gelsolin-like domain of Caenorhabditis elegans gelsolin-like protein 1 (GSNL-1) in its calcium-dependent conformation and actin-regulatory activities. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 70:228-39. [PMID: 23475707 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans gelsolin-like protein-1 (GSNL-1) is an unconventional member of the gelsolin family of actin-regulatory proteins. Unlike typical gelsolin-related proteins with three or six G domains, GSNL-1 has four gelsolin-like (G) domains (G1-G4) and exhibits calcium-dependent actin filament severing and capping activities. The first G domain (G1) of GSNL-1 is necessary for its actin-regulatory activities. However, how other domains in GSNL-1 participate in regulation of its functions is not understood. Here, we report biochemical evidence that the second G domain (G2) of GSNL-1 has a regulatory role in its calcium-dependent conformation and actin-regulatory activities. Comparison of the sequences of gelsolin-related proteins from various species indicates that sequences of G2 are highly conserved. Among the conserved residues in G2, we focused on D162 of GSNL-1, since equivalent residues in gelsolin and severin are part of the calcium-binding sites and is a pathogenic mutation site in human gelsolin causing familial amyloidosis, Finish-type. The D162N mutation does not alter the inactive and fully calcium-activated states of GSNL-1 for actin filament severing (at 20 nM GSNL-1) and capping activities (at 50 nM GSNL-1). However, under these conditions, the mutant shows reduced calcium sensitivity for activation. By contrast, the D162N mutation strongly enhances susceptibility of GSNL-1 to chymotrypsin digestion only at high calcium concentrations but not at low calcium concentrations. The mutation also reduces affinity of GSNL-1 with actin monomers. These results suggest that G2 of GSNL-1 functions as a regulatory domain for its calcium-dependent actin-regulatory activities by mediating conformational changes of the GSNL-1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Solomon JP, Page LJ, Balch WE, Kelly JW. Gelsolin amyloidosis: genetics, biochemistry, pathology and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 47:282-96. [PMID: 22360545 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.661401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein misassembly into aggregate structures, including cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils, is linked to diseases characterized by the degeneration of post-mitotic tissue. While amyloid fibril deposition in the extracellular space certainly disrupts cellular and tissue architecture late in the course of amyloid diseases, strong genetic, pathological and pharmacologic evidence suggests that the process of amyloid fibril formation itself, known as amyloidogenesis, likely causes these maladies. It seems that the formation of oligomeric aggregates during the amyloidogenesis process causes the proteotoxicity and cytotoxicity characteristic of these disorders. Herein, we review what is known about the genetics, biochemistry and pathology of familial amyloidosis of Finnish type (FAF) or gelsolin amyloidosis. Briefly, autosomal dominant D187N or D187Y mutations compromise Ca(2+) binding in domain 2 of gelsolin, allowing domain 2 to sample unfolded conformations. When domain 2 is unfolded, gelsolin is subject to aberrant furin endoproteolysis as it passes through the Golgi on its way to the extracellular space. The resulting C-terminal 68 kDa fragment (C68) is susceptible to extracellular endoproteolytic events, possibly mediated by a matrix metalloprotease, affording 8 and 5 kDa amyloidogenic fragments of gelsolin. These amyloidogenic fragments deposit systemically, causing a variety of symptoms including corneal lattice dystrophy and neurodegeneration. The first murine model of the disease recapitulates the aberrant processing of mutant plasma gelsolin, amyloid deposition, and the degenerative phenotype. We use what we have learned from our biochemical studies, as well as insight from mouse and human pathology to propose therapeutic strategies that may halt the progression of FAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Solomon
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract
Gelsolin is a calcium-activated actin filament severing and capping protein found in many cell types and as a secreted form in the plasma of vertebrates. Mutant mice for gelsolin as well as clinical studies have shown that gelsolin is linked to a number of pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer and amyloidosis. The tight regulation of gelsolin by calcium is crucial for its physiological role and constitutive activation leads to apoptosis. In the following we will give an overview on how gelsolin is regulated by calcium, and which clinical conditions have been linked to lack or misregulation of gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spinardi
- Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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