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Petracovici A, Bonasio R. Distinct PRC2 subunits regulate maintenance and establishment of Polycomb repression during differentiation. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2625-2639.e5. [PMID: 33887196 PMCID: PMC8217195 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an essential epigenetic regulator that deposits repressive H3K27me3. PRC2 subunits form two holocomplexes-PRC2.1 and PRC2.2-but the roles of these two PRC2 assemblies during differentiation are unclear. We employed auxin-inducible degradation to deplete PRC2.1 subunit MTF2 or PRC2.2 subunit JARID2 during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to neural progenitors (NPCs). Depletion of either MTF2 or JARID2 resulted in incomplete differentiation due to defects in gene regulation. Distinct sets of Polycomb target genes were derepressed in the absence of MTF2 or JARID2. MTF2-sensitive genes were marked by H3K27me3 in ESCs and remained silent during differentiation, whereas JARID2-sensitive genes were preferentially active in ESCs and became newly repressed in NPCs. Thus, MTF2 and JARID2 contribute non-redundantly to Polycomb silencing, suggesting that PRC2.1 and PRC2.2 have distinct functions in maintaining and establishing, respectively, Polycomb repression during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Petracovici
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Adhikari A, Mainali P, Davie JK. JARID2 and the PRC2 complex regulate the cell cycle in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19451-19464. [PMID: 31578284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
JARID2 is a noncatalytic member of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which methylates of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27). In this work, we show that JARID2 and the PRC2 complex regulate the cell cycle in skeletal muscle cells to control proliferation and mitotic exit. We found that the stable depletion of JARID2 leads to increased proliferation and cell accumulation in S phase. The regulation of the cell cycle by JARID2 is mediated by direct repression of both cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, both of which are targets of PRC2-mediated H3K27 methylation. Intriguingly, we also find that the retinoblastoma protein (RB1) is a direct target of JARID2 and the PRC2 complex. The depletion of JARID2 is not sufficient to activate RB1. However, the ectopic expression of RB1 can suppress cyclin D1 expression in JARID2-depleted cells. Transient depletion of JARID2 in skeletal muscle cells leads to a transient up-regulation of cyclin D1 that is quickly suppressed with no resulting effect on proliferation, Taken together, we show that JARID2 and the PRC2 complex regulate skeletal muscle proliferation in a precise manner that involves the repression of cyclin D1, thus restraining proliferation and repressing RB1, which is required for mitotic exit and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - Pramish Mainali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - Judith K Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
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Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Hayashi F, Kita A, Okubo Y, Saito T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto I, Oka N, Shiiba M, Ito C, Toshimori K, Miki T, Yamauchi M, Tanzawa H. Deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase 2 in mice causes systemic endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to early embryonic lethality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:486-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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JARID2 inhibits leukemia cell proliferation by regulating CCND1 expression. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:76-85. [PMID: 25939703 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that JARID2 contributes to the malignant character of solid tumors, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung and colon cancer cell lines, but its role in leukemia progression is unexplored. In this study, we explored the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of JARID2 on leukemia cell proliferation. Real-time PCR and Western assay were carried out to detect JARID2 and CCND1 expression. Cell number and cell cycle change were detected using hemocytometer and flow cytometry, and a ChIP assay was utilized to investigate JARID2 and H3K27me3 enrichment on the CCND1 promoter. JARID2 is down-regulated in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL), and knockdown of JARID2 promotes leukemia cell proliferation via acceleration of the G1/S transition. Conversely, ectopic expression of JARID2 inhibits these malignant phenotypes. Mechanistic studies show that JARID2 negatively regulates CCND1 expression by increasing H3K27 trimethylation on the CCND1 promoter. Our findings indicate that JARID2 is a negative regulator of leukemia cell proliferation, and functions as potential tumor suppressor in leukemia.
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Celestino-Soper PBS, Skinner C, Schroer R, Eng P, Shenai J, Nowaczyk MMJ, Terespolsky D, Cushing D, Patel GS, Immken L, Willis A, Wiszniewska J, Matalon R, Rosenfeld JA, Stevenson RE, Kang SHL, Cheung SW, Beaudet AL, Stankiewicz P. Deletions in chromosome 6p22.3-p24.3, including ATXN1, are associated with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorders. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:17. [PMID: 22480366 PMCID: PMC3351998 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the short arm of chromosome 6 are rare and have been associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, congenital anomalies, and dysmorphic features. We used array comparative genomic hybridization in a South Carolina Autism Project (SCAP) cohort of 97 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and identified an ~ 5.4 Mb deletion on chromosome 6p22.3-p23 in a 15-year-old patient with intellectual disability and ASDs. Subsequent database queries revealed five additional individuals with overlapping submicroscopic deletions and presenting with developmental and speech delay, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, heart defects, and dysmorphic features. The deletion found in the SCAP patient harbors ATXN1, DTNBP1, JARID2, and NHLRC1 that we propose may be responsible for ASDs and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Skinner
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Richard Schroer
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Patricia Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jayant Shenai
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pediatrics, The Vanderbilt Clinic, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Malgorzata MJ Nowaczyk
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Alecia Willis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Wiszniewska
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reuben Matalon
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Sung-Hae L Kang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Nakajima K, Inagawa M, Uchida C, Okada K, Tane S, Kojima M, Kubota M, Noda M, Ogawa S, Shirato H, Sato M, Suzuki-Migishima R, Hino T, Satoh Y, Kitagawa M, Takeuchi T. Coordinated regulation of differentiation and proliferation of embryonic cardiomyocytes by a jumonji (Jarid2)-cyclin D1 pathway. Development 2011; 138:1771-82. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.059295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In general, cell proliferation and differentiation show an inverse relationship, and are regulated in a coordinated manner during development. Embryonic cardiomyocytes must support embryonic life by functional differentiation such as beating, and proliferate actively to increase the size of the heart. Therefore, progression of both proliferation and differentiation is indispensable. It remains unknown whether proliferation and differentiation are related in these embryonic cardiomyocytes. We focused on abnormal phenotypes, such as hyperproliferation, inhibition of differentiation and enhanced expression of cyclin D1 in cardiomyocytes of mice with mutant jumonji (Jmj, Jarid2), which encodes the repressor of cyclin D1. Analysis of Jmj/cyclin D1 double mutant mice showed that Jmj was required for normal differentiation and normal expression of GATA4 protein through cyclin D1. Analysis of transgenic mice revealed that enhanced expression of cyclin D1 decreased GATA4 protein expression and inhibited the differentiation of cardiomyocytes in a CDK4/6-dependent manner, and that exogenous expression of GATA4 rescued the abnormal differentiation. Finally, CDK4 phosphorylated GATA4 directly, which promoted the degradation of GATA4 in cultured cells. These results suggest that CDK4 activated by cyclin D1 inhibits differentiation of cardiomyocytes by degradation of GATA4, and that initiation of Jmj expression unleashes the inhibition by repression of cyclin D1 expression and allows progression of differentiation, as well as repression of proliferation. Thus, a Jmj-cyclin D1 pathway coordinately regulates proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Nakajima
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Masayo Inagawa
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uchida
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kumiko Okada
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Shoji Tane
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mizuyo Kojima
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Misae Kubota
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Noda
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Satoko Ogawa
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Haruki Shirato
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Hino
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
| | - Yukio Satoh
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Machida 194-8511, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Landeira D, Fisher AG. Inactive yet indispensable: the tale of Jarid2. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 21:74-80. [PMID: 21074441 PMCID: PMC3034028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of histone tails is believed to be important for the establishment and inheritance of gene expression programs during development. Jarid2/Jumonji is the founding member of a family of chromatin modifiers with histone demethylase activity. Although Jarid2 contains amino acid substitutions that are thought to abolish its catalytic activity, it is essential for the development of multiple organs in mice. Recent studies have shown that Jarid2 is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 and is required for embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation. Here, we discuss current literature on the function of Jarid2 and hypothesize that defects resulting from Jarid2 deficiency arise from a failure to correctly prime genes in ES cells that are required for later stages in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landeira
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem (HES) cells are pluripotent and give rise to any cell lineage. More specifically, how the first embryonic lineage (i.e., cardiac lineage) is acquired remains in many aspects questionable. Herein, we summarize the protocols that have been used to direct the fate of HES cells toward the cardiomyocytic lineage. We further discuss the regulation of transcriptional pathways underlying this process of differentiation. Finally, we propose perspectives of this research in the near future.
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Takahashi M, Kojima M, Nakajima K, Suzuki-Migishima R, Takeuchi T. Functions of a jumonji–cyclin D1 pathway in the coordination of cell cycle exit and migration during neurogenesis in the mouse hindbrain. Dev Biol 2007; 303:549-60. [PMID: 17189626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 10/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During development of the mouse central nervous system (CNS), most neural progenitor cells proliferate in the ventricular zone (VZ). In many regions of the CNS, neural progenitor cells give rise to postmitotic neurons that initiate neuronal differentiation and migrate out of the VZ to the mantle zone (MZ). Thereafter, they remain in a quiescent state. Here, we found many ectopic mitotic cells and cell clusters expressing neural progenitor or proneural marker genes in the MZ of the hindbrain of jumonji (jmj) mutant embryos. When we examined the expression of cyclin D1, which is repressed by jmj in the repression of cardiac myocyte proliferation, we found many ectopic clusters expressing both cyclin D1 and Musashi 1 in the MZ of mutant embryos. jmj is mainly expressed in the cyclin D1 negative region in the hindbrain, and cyclin D1 expression in the VZ was upregulated in jmj mutant mice. In jmj and cyclin D1 double mutant mice, the ectopic mitosis and formation of the abnormal clusters in the MZ were rescued. These results suggest that a jmj-cyclin D1 pathway is required for the precise coordination of cell cycle exit and migration during neurogenesis in the mouse hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takahashi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
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Abstract
The liver is the central organ for metabolism and has strong regenerative capability. Although the liver has been studied mostly biochemically and histopathologically, genetic studies using gene-targeting technology have identified a number of cytokines, intracellular signaling molecules, and transcription factors involved in liver development and regeneration. In addition, various in vitro systems such as fetal liver explant culture and primary culture of fetal liver cells have been established, and the combination of genetic and in vitro studies has accelerated investigation of liver development. Identification of the cell-surface molecules of liver progenitors has made it possible to identify and isolate liver progenitors, making the liver a unique model for stem cell biology. In this review, we summarize progresses in understanding liver development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanimizu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Takeuchi T, Watanabe Y, Takano-Shimizu T, Kondo S. Roles of jumonji and jumonji family genes in chromatin regulation and development. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:2449-59. [PMID: 16715513 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The jumonji (jmj) gene was identified by a mouse gene trap approach and has essential roles in the development of multiple tissues. The Jmj protein has a DNA binding domain, ARID, and two conserved jmj domains (jmjN and jmjC). In many diverse species including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, there are many jumonji family proteins that have only the jmjC domain or both jmj domains. Recently, Jmj protein was found to be a transcriptional repressor. Several proteins in the jumonji family are involved in transcriptional repression and/or chromatin regulation. Most recently, one of the human members has been shown to be a histone demethylase, and the jmjC domain is essential for the demethylase activity. Meanwhile, more and more evidence indicating that the jumonji family proteins play important roles during development is accumulating. Many proteins in the jumonji family may regulate chromatin and gene expression, and control development through various signaling pathways. Here, we highlight the roles of jmj and jumonji family proteins in chromatin regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeuchi
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jukkola T, Lahti L, Naserke T, Wurst W, Partanen J. FGF regulated gene-expression and neuronal differentiation in the developing midbrain-hindbrain region. Dev Biol 2006; 297:141-57. [PMID: 16782087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuroectodermal tissue close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is an important secondary organizer in the developing neural tube. This so-called isthmic organizer (IsO) secretes signaling molecules, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which regulate cellular survival, patterning and proliferation in the midbrain and rhombomere 1 (R1) of the hindbrain. We have previously shown that FGF-receptor 1 (FGFR1) is required for the normal development of this brain region in the mouse embryo. Here, we have compared the gene expression profiles of midbrain-R1 tissues from wild-type embryos and conditional Fgfr1 mutants, in which FGFR1 is inactivated in the midbrain and R1. Loss of Fgfr1 results in the downregulation of several genes expressed close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary and in the disappearance of gene expression gradients in the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. Our screen identified several previously uncharacterized genes which may participate in the development of midbrain-R1 region. Our results also show altered neurogenesis in the midbrain and R1 of the Fgfr1 mutants. Interestingly, the neuronal progenitors in midbrain and R1 show different responses to the loss of signaling through FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Jukkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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