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Song D, Yue L, Wu G, Ma S, Yang H, Liu Q, Zhang D, Xia Z, Jia J, Wang J. Evaluation of promoter hypomethylation and expression of p73 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Wilms' tumour. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:12-8. [PMID: 26184366 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A member of the p53 family, the p73 gene is essential for the maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair and apoptosis regulation. This study was designed to evaluate the utility of expression and DNA methylation patterns of the p73 gene in the early diagnosis and prognosis of Wilms' tumour (WT). METHODS Methylation-specific PCR, semi-quantitative (sq-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival and hazard function curve analyses were utilised to measure the expression and DNA methylation patterns of p73 in WT tissue samples with a view to assessing diagnostic and prognostic value. RESULTS The relative expression of p73 mRNA was higher, while the promoter methylation level was lower in the WT than the control group (p<0.05) and closely associated with poor survival prognosis in children with WT (p<0.05). Increased expression and decreased methylation of p73 were correlated with increasing tumour size, clinical stage and unfavourable histological differentiation (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed areas under the curve of 0.544 for methylation and 0.939 for expression in WT venous blood, indicating the higher diagnostic yield of preoperative p73 expression. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative venous blood p73 level serves as an underlying biomarker for the early diagnosis of WT. p73 overexpression and concomitantly decreased promoter methylation are significantly associated with poor survival in children with WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lifang Yue
- Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Heying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qiuliang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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van der Sligte NE, Scherpen FJG, Meeuwsen-de Boer TGJ, Lourens HJ, Ter Elst A, Diks SH, Guryev V, Peppelenbosch MP, van Leeuwen FN, de Bont ESJM. Kinase activity profiling reveals active signal transduction pathways in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a new approach for target discovery. Proteomics 2015; 15:1245-54. [PMID: 25422122 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Still about 20% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) struggle with relapse, despite intensive chemotherapy. We and others have shown that kinase activity profiling is able to give more insights in active signal transduction pathways and point out interesting signaling hubs as well as new potential druggable targets. With this technique the gap between newly designed drugs and ALL may be bridged. The aim of this study was to perform kinome profiling on 20 pediatric ALL samples (14 BCP-ALL and six T-ALL) to identify signaling proteins relevant to ALL. We defined 250 peptides commonly activated in both BCP-ALL and T-ALL representing major signal transduction pathways including MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and regulators of the cell cycle/p53 pathway. For 27 peptides, differentially phosphorylation between BCP-ALL and T-ALL was observed. Among these, ten peptides were more highly phosphorylated in BCP-ALL while 17 peptides showed increased phosphorylation in T-ALL. Furthermore we selected one lead of the list of commonly activated peptides (HGFR_Y1235) in order to test its efficacy as a potential target and provide proof of principle for this approach. In conclusion kinome profiling is an elegant approach to study active signaling and identify interesting potential druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E van der Sligte
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lai J, Yang F, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xu J, Song W, Huang G, Gu J, Guan X. TAp73 and ΔNp73 have opposing roles in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:605-12. [PMID: 25134538 PMCID: PMC4145372 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p73 gene contains an extrinsic P1 promoter and an intrinsic P2 promoter, controlling the transcription of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 isoform and the anti-apoptotic ΔΝp73 isoform, respectively. The DNA methylation status of both promoters act equally in the epigenetic transcriptional regulation of their relevant isoforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the different effects of these p73 isoforms in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effects of the DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-dC, on the T-47D breast cancer cell line, and evaluated the methylation status of the p73 promoters and expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73. Furthermore, we assessed the expression of p53 and p73 isoforms in 5-aza-dC-treated T-47D cells and p53 knockout cells. 5-aza-dC induced significant anti-tumor effects in T-47D cells, including inhibition of cell viability, G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. This was associated with p73 promoter demethylation and a concomitant increase in TAp73 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, the methylation status of promoter P2 was not associated with ΔNp73 mRNA or protein levels. Furthermore, demethylation of P2 failed to inhibit the expression of ΔNp73 with 5-aza-dC in the p53 knockdown cell model. Our study suggests that demethylation of the P1 and P2 promoters has opposite effects on the expression of p73 isoforms, namely up-regulation of TAp73 and down-regulation of ΔΝp73. We also demonstrate that p53 likely contributes to 5-aza-dC-induced ΔNp73 transcriptional inactivation in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282,
China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002,
China
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Alexandrova EM, Moll UM. Role of p53 family members p73 and p63 in human hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2116-29. [PMID: 22497596 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.684348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53, mutated in over half of human cancers and about 13% of all hematological malignancies, maintains genomic integrity and triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis of damaged cells. In contrast to p53, the homologs p73 and p63 play critical roles in development of the central nervous system and skin/limbs, respectively. Moreover, dependent on the context they can exert tumor suppressor activities that cooperate with p53. Unlike p53, p73 and p63 are rarely mutated in cancers. Instead, up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic dominant-negative ΔNp73 and ΔNp63 isoforms is the most frequent abnormality in solid cancers. In hematological malignancies the most frequent p73 defect is promoter methylation and loss of expression, associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. This suggests an essential tumor suppressor role of p73 in blood cells, also supported by genetic mouse models. Many therapeutic approaches aiming to restore p73 activity are currently being investigated. In contrast, the most frequent p63 abnormality is protein overexpression, associated with higher disease grade and poorer prognosis. Surprisingly, although available data are still scarce, the emerging picture is up-regulation of transactivation-competent TAp63 isoforms, suggesting a tumor-promoting role in this context.
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Pluta A, Nyman U, Joseph B, Robak T, Zhivotovsky B, Smolewski P. The role of p73 in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2006; 20:757-66. [PMID: 16541141 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The P73 gene is a homologue of the P53 tumor suppressor. Owing to its structural similarity with p53, p73 was originally considered to have tumor suppressor function. However, the discovery of N-terminal truncated isoforms with oncogenic properties showed a 'two in one' structure of its product, p73 protein. The full-length variants are strong inducers of apoptosis, whereas the truncated isoforms inhibit proapoptotic activity of p53 and the full-length p73. Thus, p73 is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell death and development. Moreover, it plays a role in carcinogenesis and controls tumor sensitivity to treatment. p73 is commonly expressed in tumor cells in hematological malignancies. Overexpression of p73 protein and aberrant expression of its particular isoforms, with very low frequency of P73 hypermethylation or mutations, were found in malignant myeloproliferations, including acute myeloblastic leukemia. In contrast, hypermethylation and subsequent inactivation of the P73 gene are the most common findings in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Assessment of P73 methylation may provide important prognostic information, as was confirmed in patients with ALL. This review summarizes some aspects of p73 biology with particular reference to its possible pathogenetic role and prognostic significance in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pluta
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz and Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Meier M, den Boer ML, Meijerink JPP, Broekhuis MJC, Passier MMCJ, van Wering ER, Janka-Schaub GE, Pieters R. Differential expression of p73 isoforms in relation to drug resistance in childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2006; 20:1377-84. [PMID: 16791269 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The T-lineage phenotype of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with an increased relapse-risk and in vitro resistance to drugs as compared to a precursor B phenotype. Antiapoptotic isoforms of p73 that lack part of the transactivation (TA) domain (DeltaTA-p73, i.e. p73Deltaex2, p73Deltaex3, p73Deltaex2/3 and DeltaN-p73) may cause resistance to anticancer agents through inhibition of p53 and/or proapoptotic p73 family members (TA-p73). We demonstrate in our study that the expression of total p73 mRNA was higher in childhood T-ALL compared to controls (P=0.004). In T-ALL, the relative contribution of antiapoptotic DeltaTA-p73 (88%) was larger than of proapoptotic TA-p73 (12%). Leukaemic cells of T-ALL patients expressing higher levels of antiapoptotic p73 were more resistant to the DNA-damaging drug daunorubicin compared to cells of patients with low or negative expression or these isoforms (P(trend)=0.045). Interestingly, p73Deltaex2 was the most abundantly expressed antiapoptotic isoform in daunorubicin-resistant patient cells (44% of total p73). No association was found between high expression of proapoptotic TA-p73 or antiapoptotic DeltaTA-p73 and relapse-risk. Our results suggest that childhood T-ALL is associated with a high expression of DeltaTA-p73. These isoforms may play a role in cellular resistance to DNA-damaging drugs in children at initial diagnosis of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meier
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Niemantsverdriet M, Vermeij WP, Backendorf C. RT-PCR analysis of p73 splice variants, ease or tease? Leukemia 2005; 19:1685-6. [PMID: 16034465 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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