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Dex S, Lin D, Shukunami C, Docheva D. Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene. Gene 2016; 587:1-17. [PMID: 27129941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD, Tnmd) is a gene highly expressed in tendon known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental tumour models. This review aims at providing an encompassing overview of this gene and its protein. In addition, its known expression pattern as well as putative signalling pathways will be described. A chronological overview of the discovered functions of this gene in tendon and other tissues and cells is provided as well as its use as a tendon and ligament lineage marker is assessed in detail and discussed. Last, information about the possible connections between TNMD genomic mutations and mRNA expression to various diseases is delivered. Taken together this review offers a solid synopsis on the up-to-date information available about TNMD and aids at directing and focusing the future research to fully uncover the roles and implications of this interesting gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dex
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dasheng Lin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Bidet M, Tomico A, Martin P, Guizouarn H, Mollat P, Mus-Veteau I. The Hedgehog receptor patched functions in multidrug transport and chemotherapy resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1496-508. [PMID: 22752092 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs fail to eradicate tumors, leading to the development of drug resistance and disease recurrence. The Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role during embryonic development, but is also involved in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. The Hedgehog receptor Patched (Ptc) is a Hedgehog signaling target gene that is overexpressed in many cancer cells. Here, we show a link between Ptc and resistance to chemotherapy, and provide new insight into Ptc function. Ptc is cleared from the plasma membrane upon interaction with its ligand Hedgehog, or upon treatment of cells with the Hedgehog signaling antagonist cyclopamine. In both cases, after incubation of cells with doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent that is used for the clinical management of recurrent cancers, we observed an inhibition of the efflux of doxorubicin from Hedgehog-responding fibroblasts, and an increase of doxorubicin accumulation in two different cancer cell lines that are known to express aberrant levels of Hedgehog signaling components. Using heterologous expression system, we stringently showed that the expression of human Ptc conferred resistance to growth inhibition by several drugs from which chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, methotrexate, temozolomide, and 5-fluorouracil. Resistance to doxorubicin correlated with Ptc function, as shown using mutations from Gorlin's syndrome patients in which the Ptc-mediated effect on Hedgehog signaling is lost. Our results show that Ptc is involved in drug efflux and multidrug resistance, and suggest that Ptc contributes to chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bidet
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Bidet M, Joubert O, Lacombe B, Ciantar M, Nehmé R, Mollat P, Brétillon L, Faure H, Bittman R, Ruat M, Mus-Veteau I. The hedgehog receptor patched is involved in cholesterol transport. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23834. [PMID: 21931618 PMCID: PMC3169562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a crucial role in growth and patterning during embryonic development, and also in stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration in adults. Aberrant Shh pathway activation is involved in the development of many tumors, and one of the most affected Shh signaling steps found in these tumors is the regulation of the signaling receptor Smoothened by the Shh receptor Patched. In the present work, we investigated Patched activity and the mechanism by which Patched inhibits Smoothened. Methodology/Principal Findings Using the well-known Shh-responding cell line of mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3, we first observed that enhancement of the intracellular cholesterol concentration induces Smoothened enrichment in the plasma membrane, which is a crucial step for the signaling activation. We found that binding of Shh protein to its receptor Patched, which involves Patched internalization, increases the intracellular concentration of cholesterol and decreases the efflux of a fluorescent cholesterol derivative (BODIPY-cholesterol) from these cells. Treatment of fibroblasts with cyclopamine, an antagonist of Shh signaling, inhibits Patched expression and reduces BODIPY-cholesterol efflux, while treatment with the Shh pathway agonist SAG enhances Patched protein expression and BODIPY-cholesterol efflux. We also show that over-expression of human Patched in the yeast S. cerevisiae results in a significant boost of BODIPY-cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, we demonstrate that purified Patched binds to cholesterol, and that the interaction of Shh with Patched inhibits the binding of Patched to cholesterol. Conclusion/Significance Our results suggest that Patched may contribute to cholesterol efflux from cells, and to modulation of the intracellular cholesterol concentration. This activity is likely responsible for the inhibition of the enrichment of Smoothened in the plasma membrane, which is an important step in Shh pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bidet
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
- Université Henri Poincaré- Nancy 1, EA 3452, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Marine Ciantar
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rony Nehmé
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lionel Brétillon
- Université de Bourgogne, CNRS-INRA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, UPR-3294, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard IFR2118, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, UPR-3294, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard IFR2118, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Mus-Veteau
- Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are responsible for the interface between the exterior and the interior of the cell. These proteins are involved in numerous diseases, like cancer, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, hyperinsulinism, heart failure, hypertension and Alzheimer disease. However, studies of these disorders are hampered by a lack of structural information about the proteins involved. Structural analysis requires large quantities of pure and active proteins. The majority of medically and pharmaceutically relevant MPs are present in tissues at low concentration, which makes heterologous expression in large-scale production-adapted cells a prerequisite for structural studies. Obtaining mammalian MP structural data depends on the development of methods that allow the production of large quantities of MPs. This review focuses on the heterologous expression systems now available to produce large amounts of MPs for structural proteomics, and describes the strategies that allowed the determination of the structure of the first heterologously expressed mammalian MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mus-Veteau
- Institut of Developmental Biology and Cancer, UMR CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
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Abstract
Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) is a primary multidrug transporter located in plasma membranes, that utilizes the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump toxic xenobiotics out of cells. P-glycoprotein employs a most unusual molecular mechanism to perform this drug transport function. Here we review our work to elucidate the molecular mechanism of drug transport by P-glycoprotein. High level heterologous expression of human P-glycoprotein, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has facilitated biophysical studies in purified proteoliposome preparations. Development of novel spin-labeled transport substrates has allowed for quantitative and rigorous measurements of drug transport in real time by EPR spectroscopy. We have developed a new drug transport model of P-glycoprotein from the results of mutagenic, quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic studies. This model satisfactorily accounts for most of the unusual kinetic, coupling, and physiological features of P-glycoprotein. Additionally, an atomic detail structural model of P-glycoprotein has been devised to place our results within a proper structural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan K Al-Shawi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800736, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0736, USA
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