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The Rich World of p53 DNA Binding Targets: The Role of DNA Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225605. [PMID: 31717504 PMCID: PMC6888028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor functions of p53 and its roles in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and metabolism are accomplished mainly by its interactions with DNA. p53 works as a transcription factor for a significant number of genes. Most p53 target genes contain so-called p53 response elements in their promoters, consisting of 20 bp long canonical consensus sequences. Compared to other transcription factors, which usually bind to one concrete and clearly defined DNA target, the p53 consensus sequence is not strict, but contains two repeats of a 5′RRRCWWGYYY3′ sequence; therefore it varies remarkably among target genes. Moreover, p53 binds also to DNA fragments that at least partially and often completely lack this consensus sequence. p53 also binds with high affinity to a variety of non-B DNA structures including Holliday junctions, cruciform structures, quadruplex DNA, triplex DNA, DNA loops, bulged DNA, and hemicatenane DNA. In this review, we summarize information of the interactions of p53 with various DNA targets and discuss the functional consequences of the rich world of p53 DNA binding targets for its complex regulatory functions.
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Dual redox labeling of DNA as a tool for electrochemical detection of p53 protein-DNA interactions. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1050:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tichy V, Sebest P, Orsag P, Havran L, Pivonkova H, Fojta M. Protein p53 Binding to Cisplatin-modified DNA Targets Evaluated by Modification-specific Electrochemical Immunoprecipitation Assay. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Tichy
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebest
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Orsag
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Havran
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pivonkova
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,; Kralovopolska 135 61265 Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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Šebest P, Brázdová M, Fojta M, Pivoňková H. Differential salt-induced dissociation of the p53 protein complexes with circular and linear plasmid DNA substrates suggest involvement of a sliding mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3163-77. [PMID: 25647416 PMCID: PMC4346886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of the effects of salt conditions on the association and dissociation of wild type p53 with different ~3 kbp long plasmid DNA substrates (supercoiled, relaxed circular and linear, containing or lacking a specific p53 binding site, p53CON) using immunoprecipitation at magnetic beads is presented. Salt concentrations above 200 mM strongly affected association of the p53 protein to any plasmid DNA substrate. Strikingly different behavior was observed when dissociation of pre-formed p53-DNA complexes in increased salt concentrations was studied. While contribution from the p53CON to the stability of the p53-DNA complexes was detected between 100 and 170 mM KCl, p53 complexes with circular DNAs (but not linear) exhibited considerable resistance towards salt treatment for KCl concentrations as high as 2 M provided that the p53 basic C-terminal DNA binding site (CTDBS) was available for DNA binding. On the contrary, when the CTDBS was blocked by antibody used for immunoprecipitation, all p53-DNA complexes were completely dissociated from the p53 protein in KCl concentrations ≥200 mM under the same conditions. These observations suggest: (a) different ways for association and dissociation of the p53-DNA complexes in the presence of the CTDBS; and (b) a critical role for a sliding mechanism, mediated by the C-terminal domain, in the dissociation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Šebest
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Brázdová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Pivoňková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
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Němcová K, Sebest P, Havran L, Orság P, Fojta M, Pivoňková H. Electrochemical detection of DNA binding by tumor suppressor p53 protein using osmium-labeled oligonucleotide probes and catalytic hydrogen evolution at the mercury electrode. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5843-52. [PMID: 25056872 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an electrochemical DNA-protein interaction assay based on a combination of protein-specific immunoprecipitation at magnetic beads (MBIP) with application of oligonucleotide (ON) probes labeled with an electroactive oxoosmium complex (Os,bipy). We show that double-stranded ONs bearing a dT20 tail labeled with Os,bipy are specifically recognized by the tumor suppressor p53 protein according to the presence or absence of a specific binding site (p53CON) in the double-stranded segment. We demonstrate the applicability of the Os,bipy-labeled probes in titration as well as competition MBIP assays to evaluate p53 relative affinity to various sequence-specific or structurally distinct unlabeled DNA substrates upon modulation of the p53-DNA binding by monoclonal antibodies used for the immunoprecipitation. To detect the p53-bound osmium-labeled probes, we took advantage of a catalytic peak yielded by Os,bipy-modified DNA at the mercury-based electrodes, allowing facile determination of subnanogram quantities of the labeled oligonucleotides. Versatility of the electrochemical MBIP technique and its general applicability in studies of any DNA-binding protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Němcová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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Parro T, Medrano MA, Cubo L, Muñoz-Galván S, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG. The second generation of iodido complexes: trans-[PtI2(amine)(amine′)] bearing different aliphatic amines. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Protein recognition of the S23906-1-DNA adduct by nuclear proteins: direct involvement of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Biochem J 2013; 452:147-59. [PMID: 23409959 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a view to develop new DNA alkylating antitumour drugs, evaluating the precise mechanism of action and the molecular/cellular consequences of the alkylation is a point of major interest. The benzo-b-acronycine derivative S23906-1 alkylates guanine nucleobases in the minor groove of the DNA helix and presents an original ability to locally open the double helix of DNA, which appears to be associated with its cytotoxic activity. However, the molecular mechanism linking adduct formation to cellular consequences is not precisely known. The objective of the present study was to identify proteins involved in the recognition and mechanism of action of S23906-DNA adducts. We found that GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a protein that binds to S23906-alkylated single-stranded, double-stranded and telomeric sequences in a drug-dependent and DNA sequence/structure-dependent manner. We used the CASTing (cyclic amplification of sequence targeting) method to identify GAPDH DNA-binding selectivity and then evaluated its binding to such selected S23906-alkylated sequences. At the cellular level, alkylation of S23906-1 results in an increase in the binding of GAPDH and its protein partner HMG (high-mobility group) B1 to the chromatin. Regarding the multiple roles of GAPDH in apoptosis and DNA repair, the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of GAPDH were evaluated and present opposite effects in two different cellular models.
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Preferential binding of hot spot mutant p53 proteins to supercoiled DNA in vitro and in cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59567. [PMID: 23555710 PMCID: PMC3608670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot spot mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins exert oncogenic gain-of-function activities. Binding of mutp53 to DNA is assumed to be involved in mutp53-mediated repression or activation of several mutp53 target genes. To investigate the importance of DNA topology on mutp53-DNA recognition in vitro and in cells, we analyzed the interaction of seven hot spot mutp53 proteins with topologically different DNA substrates (supercoiled, linear and relaxed) containing and/or lacking mutp53 binding sites (mutp53BS) using a variety of electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation based techniques. All seven hot spot mutp53 proteins (R175H, G245S, R248W, R249S, R273C, R273H and R282W) were found to have retained the ability of wild-type p53 to preferentially bind circular DNA at native negative superhelix density, while linear or relaxed circular DNA was a poor substrate. The preference of mutp53 proteins for supercoiled DNA (supercoil-selective binding) was further substantiated by competition experiments with linear DNA or relaxed DNA in vitro and ex vivo. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, the preferential binding of mutp53 to a sc mutp53BS was detected also in cells. Furthermore, we have shown by luciferase reporter assay that the DNA topology influences p53 regulation of BAX and MSP/MST1 promoters. Possible modes of mutp53 binding to topologically constrained DNA substrates and their biological consequences are discussed.
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Florea AM, Büsselberg D. Cisplatin as an anti-tumor drug: cellular mechanisms of activity, drug resistance and induced side effects. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1351-71. [PMID: 24212665 PMCID: PMC3756417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1134] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum complexes are clinically used as adjuvant therapy of cancers aiming to induce tumor cell death. Depending on cell type and concentration, cisplatin induces cytotoxicity, e.g., by interference with transcription and/or DNA replication mechanisms. Additionally, cisplatin damages tumors via induction of apoptosis, mediated by the activation of various signal transduction pathways, including calcium signaling, death receptor signaling, and the activation of mitochondrial pathways. Unfortunately, neither cytotoxicity nor apoptosis are exclusively induced in cancer cells, thus, cisplatin might also lead to diverse side-effects such as neuro- and/or renal-toxicity or bone marrow-suppression. Moreover, the binding of cisplatin to proteins and enzymes may modulate its biochemical mechanism of action. While a combination-chemotherapy with cisplatin is a cornerstone for the treatment of multiple cancers, the challenge is that cancer cells could become cisplatin-resistant. Numerous mechanisms of cisplatin resistance were described including changes in cellular uptake, drug efflux, increased detoxification, inhibition of apoptosis and increased DNA repair. To minimize cisplatin resistance, combinatorial therapies were developed and have proven more effective to defeat cancers. Thus, understanding of the biochemical mechanisms triggered by cisplatin in tumor cells may lead to the design of more efficient platinum derivates (or other drugs) and might provide new therapeutic strategies and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Florea
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weil Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
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Al Rashid ST, Harding SM, Law C, Coackley C, Bristow RG. Protein-protein interactions occur between p53 phosphoforms and ATM and 53BP1 at sites of exogenous DNA damage. Radiat Res 2011; 175:588-98. [PMID: 21361779 DOI: 10.1667/rr2084.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the Ser15-phosphorylated p53 phosphoform, p53(Ser15), can localize at sites of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this study, we hypothesized that the non-specific DNA binding domain (NSDBD) of the p53 carboxy-terminus (C-terminus) mediates chromatin anchoring at sites of DNA damage to interact with two key mediators of the DNA damage response (DDR): ATM and 53BP1. Exogenous YFP-p53 fusion constructs expressing C-terminus deletion mutants of p53 were transfected into p53-null H1299 cells and tracked by microscopy and biochemistry to determine relative chromatin-binding pre- and postirradiation. We observed that exogenous YFP-p53(WT) and YFP-p53(Δ367-393) associated with ATM(Ser1981) and 53BP1 in the nuclear, chromatin-bound fractions after DNA damage. Of interest, YFP-p53(Δ1-299) fusion proteins, which lack transcriptional trans-activation and the Ser15-residue, bound to ATM(Ser1981) but not to 53BP1. In support of these data, we used subnuclear UV-microbeam and immunoprecipitation analyses of irradiated normal human fibroblasts (HDFs) that confirmed an interaction between endogenous p53 and ATM or 53BP1. Based on these observations, we propose a model whereby a pre-existing pool of p53 responds immediately to radiation-induced DNA damage using the C-terminus to spatially facilitate protein-protein interactions and the DDR at sites of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz T Al Rashid
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Němcová K, Havran L, Šebest P, Brázdová M, Pivoňková H, Fojta M. A label-free electrochemical test for DNA-binding activities of tumor suppressor protein p53 using immunoprecipitation at magnetic beads. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Horáková P, Těsnohlídková L, Havran L, Vidláková P, Pivoňková H, Fojta M. Determination of the Level of DNA Modification with Cisplatin by Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution at Mercury-Based Electrodes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2969-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902987x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horáková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Těsnohlídková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Havran
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Vidláková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Pivoňková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Ramos-Lima FJ, Moneo V, Quiroga AG, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C. The role of p53 in the cellular toxicity by active trans-platinum complexes containing isopropylamine and hydroxymethylpyridine. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:134-41. [PMID: 19853978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite some initial research that reported a lack of activity of trans geometry, complexes with general formula trans-[PtCl2(L)(L')] exhibit an important cytotoxic activity in cisplatin-sensitive and resistant cell lines. Based on the proposed mechanism of action for the trans-platinum compounds, they might form DNA adducts initiating a DNA-damage response and ultimately ending in the activation of the p53 protein. In the present work, we have studied the biochemical properties of the trans-[PtCl2(isopropylamine)(L)] complexes (where L is 3- or 4-(hydroxymethyl)-pyridine) against several cell lines and the relationship between cytotoxicity and the protein p53. Both complexes showed different antitumoral properties depending on the presence or absence of protein p53 in isogenic colon carcinoma HCT116 cell lines. Cell cycle studies with the complexes in these cell lines were performed to investigate their antitumoral activity. Apoptosis was observed to be launched from G1 or G2/M accumulations. Confocal microscopy showed the different behaviour of isogenic tumoral cell lines treated with the trans-platinum complexes. Our data suggest that small differences in the carrier ligands could play an important role in the overall biological effects. The body of the research regarding structure-activity relationships such as the different position of groups in the carrier ligands will provide new rational basis for the design of new platinum antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ramos-Lima
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Liang XJ, Finkel T, Shen DW, Yin JJ, Aszalos A, Gottesman MM. SIRT1 contributes in part to cisplatin resistance in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:1499-506. [PMID: 18723829 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumors frequently develop resistance to cisplatin, a platinum drug used as a cornerstone of present-day chemotherapy regimens, significantly decreasing its usefulness in the clinic. Although it is known that cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cancer cells commonly grow more slowly and exhibit reduced uptake of various compounds, including nutrients, the effect of tumor metabolism on cisplatin resistance is unclear. It was found that in CP-r cells, uptake of 2-deoxyglucose was reduced due to dysfunction and altered morphology of mitochondria compared with cisplatin-sensitive parental cancer cells. The CP-r cells overexpressed SIRT1, a histone deacetylase that plays a central role in DNA damage response and transcriptional silencing. Incubation of drug-sensitive cells in low glucose medium induced the expression of SIRT1 and increased cellular resistance to cisplatin. Reduced SIRT1 expression by a SIRT1 SMART small interfering RNA duplex sensitized the >20-fold resistant CP-r cells to cisplatin treatment 1.5- to 2-fold, and SIRT1 overexpression by SIRT1 cDNA transfection increased cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-sensitive cells by 2- to 3-fold. Our findings therefore suggest that reduced glucose use and altered mitochondrial metabolism mediated by SIRT1 is one of several alterations that contribute to cellular resistance to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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An Investigation of Glutathione-Platinum(II) Interactions by Means of the Flow Injection Analysis Using Glassy Carbon Electrode. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7071256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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Pivonková H, Pecinka P, Cesková P, Fojta M. DNA modification with cisplatin affects sequence-specific DNA binding of p53 and p73 proteins in a target site-dependent manner. FEBS J 2006; 273:4693-706. [PMID: 16981908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins p53 and p73 act as transcription factors in cell cycle control, regulation of cell development and/or in apoptotic pathways. Both proteins bind to response elements (p53 DNA-binding sites), typically consisting of two copies of a motif RRRCWWGYYY. It has been demonstrated previously that DNA modification with the antitumor drug cisplatin inhibits p53 binding to a synthetic p53 DNA-binding site. Here we demonstrate that the effects of global DNA modification with cisplatin on binding of the p53 or p73 proteins to various p53 DNA-binding sites differed significantly, depending on the nucleotide sequence of the given target site. The relative sensitivities of protein-DNA binding to cisplatin DNA treatment correlated with the occurrence of sequence motifs forming stable bifunctional adducts with the drug (namely, GG and AG doublets) within the target sites. Binding of both proteins to mutated p53 DNA-binding sites from which these motifs had been eliminated was only negligibly affected by cisplatin treatment, suggesting that formation of the cisplatin adducts within the target sites was primarily responsible for inhibition of the p53 or p73 sequence-specific DNA binding. Distinct effects of cisplatin DNA modification on the recognition of different response elements by the p53 family proteins may have impacts on regulation pathways in cisplatin-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pivonková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ferrone M, Perrone F, Tamborini E, Paneni MS, Fermeglia M, Suardi S, Pastore E, Delia D, Pierotti MA, Pricl S, Pilotti S. Functional analysis and molecular modeling show a preserved wild-type activity of p53C238Y. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1467-73. [PMID: 16818505 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In human tumors, p53 is often disabled by mutations in its DNA-binding domain and is thus inactive as a transcription factor. Alternatively, MDM2 gene amplification or up-regulation represents a mechanism of p53 wild-type inactivation, mainly reported in soft tissue sarcomas. In a previous TP53 analysis carried out on sporadic and NF1-related malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, in two cases, we observed the occurrence of C238Y missense mutation, leading to p53 stabilization unexpectedly coupled with immunophenotypic MDM2 overexpression. To investigate this TP53 missense mutation not yet functionally characterized in mammalian cell, we did MDM2 Southern blot and p53(C238Y)/MDM2 biochemical and functional analyses followed by molecular modeling. The results showed a lack of MDM2 gene amplification, evidence of p53-MDM2 protein complexes, and presence of a p53 that retains the ability to become phosphorylated on Ser15 and to induce the transcription of p21(waf1). Additional molecular modeling data highlighted the structural similarities between p53(C238Y) and wild-type p53, further supporting that the p53(C238Y) mutant still retains functional wild-type p53 properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrone
- Molecular Simulation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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