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Fan X, Breaux B, Leonards L, Mirza R. A rare case of asymptomatic giant pulmonary hamartoma. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:87. [PMID: 38909245 PMCID: PMC11193182 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hamartomas are benign lung lesions. Histopathologically, pulmonary hamartoma is composed of varying amounts of mesenchymal elements, including chondroid tissue, mature adipose tissue, fibrous stroma, smooth muscle, and entrapped respiratory epithelium. Most pulmonary hamartoma cases are asymptomatic and found incidentally during imaging. They usually appear as well-circumscribed lesions with the largest dimension of less than 4 cm. Asymptomatic giant pulmonary hamartomas that more than 8 cm are rare. CASE PRESENTATION In the current case report, a 12.0 × 9.5 × 7.5 cm lung mass was incidentally noticed in a 59-year-old female during a heart disease workup. Grossly, the lesion was lobulated with pearly white to tan-white solid cut surface and small cystic areas. Microscopically, representative tumor sections demonstrate a chondromyxoid appearance with relatively hypocellular stroma and entrapped respiratory epithelium at the periphery. No significant atypia is noted. No mitosis is noted, and the proliferative index is very low (< 1%) per Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Mature adipose tissue is easily identifiable in many areas. Histomorphology is consistent with pulmonary hamartoma. A sarcoma-targeted gene fusion panel was further applied to this case. Combined evaluation of microscopic examination and sarcoma-targeted gene fusion panel results excluded malignant sarcomatous transformation in this case. The mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes are histologically benign. After surgery, the patient had an uneventful postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS Giant pulmonary hamartoma is rare; our case is an example of a huge hamartoma in an asymptomatic patient. The size of this tumor is concerning. Thus, careful and comprehensive examination of the lesion is required for the correct diagnosis and to rule out co-existent malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Barry Breaux
- Pathology Department, North Oaks Medical Center, North Oaks Health System, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Laura Leonards
- North Oaks Imaging Associates, North Oaks Health System, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Rusella Mirza
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Zhou S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhao L, Hu W, Chen S, Li B, Xiao S. A novel HMGA2::KITLG fusion in a dedifferentiated liposarcoma with amplification of MDM2 and HMGA2. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23200. [PMID: 37698344 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is rearranged in various types of mesenchymal tumors, particularly lipomas. HMGA2 is also co-amplified with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in well-differentiated liposarcoma/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We report a case of relapsed DDLPS with a novel in-frame fusion between HMGA2 and KITLG, which encodes the ligand for KIT kinase, a critical protein involved in gametogenesis, hematopoiesis, and melanogenesis. The HMGA2 breakpoint is in intron 3, a commonly observed location for HMGA2 rearrangements, while the KITLG breakpoint is in intron 2, leading to a fusion protein that contains almost the entire coding sequence of KITLG. By immunohistochemical staining, tumor cells expressed KIT and showed phosphorylated MAPK, a major KIT downstream target. We suggest an oncogenic mechanism that involves the overexpression of KITLG caused by its rearrangement with HMGA2, leading to the constitutive activation of KIT kinase. While MDM2 amplification was observed in both the primary tumor and the relapsed tumor, the HMGA2::KITLG was only present in the relapsed tumor, indicating the role of HMGA2::KITLG in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Geratology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Suzhou Sano Precision Medicine Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Suzhou Sano Precision Medicine Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Suzhou Sano Precision Medicine Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Gorunova L, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Heim S. Recurrent Fusion of the Genes for High-mobility Group AT-hook 2 ( HMGA2) and Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor 2 ( NCOR2) in Osteoclastic Giant Cell-rich Tumors of Bone. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:163-177. [PMID: 35181586 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chimeras involving the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2 in 12q14.3) have been found in lipomas and other benign mesenchymal tumors. We report here a fusion of HMGA2 with the nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 gene (NCOR2 in 12q24.31) repeatedly found in tumors of bone and the first cytogenetic investigation of this fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors were investigated using G-banding, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Four tumors had structural chromosomal aberrations of 12q. The pathogenic variant c.103_104GG>AT (p.Gly35Met) in the H3.3 histone A gene was found in a tumor without 12q aberration. In-frame HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion transcripts were found in all tumors. In two cases, the presence of an HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion gene was confirmed by FISH on metaphase spreads. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that a subset of osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors of bone are characterized by an HMGA2-NCOR2 fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Liang J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu X, Yan H, Wang L, Zhang L. Molecular cloning of WIF1 and HMGA2 reveals ear-preferential expression while uncovering a missense mutation associated with porcine ear size in WIF1. Anim Genet 2019; 50:157-161. [PMID: 30815903 DOI: 10.1111/age.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable diversity exists in porcine ear size, which is an important morphological feature of pig breeds. Previously, we localized four crucial candidate genes-high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), LEM domain-containing 3 (LEMD3), methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (MSRB3) and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1)-on Sus Scrofa chromosome 5 affecting porcine ear size, then cloned LEMD3 and MSBR3. In this study, we performed rapid amplification of cDNA ends to obtain full-length cDNA sequences of 2338-bp WIF1 and 2998-bp HMGA2. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we revealed that WIF1 expression was highest in ear cartilage of 60-day-old pigs and that this is therefore a better candidate gene for ear size than HMGA2. We further screened coding sequence variants in both genes and identified only one missense mutation (WIF1:c.1167C>G) in a conserved epidermal growth factor-like domain from the mammalian WIF1 protein. The protein-altering mutation was significantly associated with ear size across the Large White × Minzhu hybrid and Beijing Black pig populations. When WIF1:c.1167C>G was included as fixed effect in the model to re-run a genome-wide association study in the Large White × Minzhu intercross population the P-value of the peak SNP on SSC5 from re-running the genome-wide association study dropped from 2.45E-12 to 7.33E-05. Taken together, the WIF1:c.1167C>G could be an important mutation associated with ear size. Our findings provide helpful information for further studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling porcine ear size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - H Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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5
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Ngan E, Kiepas A, Brown CM, Siegel PM. Emerging roles for LPP in metastatic cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:143-156. [PMID: 29027626 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM domain containing proteins are important regulators of diverse cellular processes, and play pivotal roles in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Lipoma Preferred Partner (LPP) is a member of the zyxin family of LIM proteins that has long been characterized as a promoter of mesenchymal/fibroblast cell migration. More recently, LPP has emerged as a critical inducer of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. LPP is thought to contribute to these malignant phenotypes by virtue of its ability to shuttle into the nucleus, localize to adhesions and, most recently, to promote invadopodia formation. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which LPP regulates the functions of adhesions and invadopodia, and discuss potential roles of LPP in mediating cellular responses to mechanical cues within these mechanosensory structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Room 508, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Panagopoulos I, Bjerkehagen B, Gorunova L, Taksdal I, Heim S. Rearrangement of chromosome bands 12q14~15 causing HMGA2-SOX5 gene fusion and HMGA2 expression in extraskeletal osteochondroma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:577-84. [PMID: 26043835 PMCID: PMC4487666 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two cases of extraskeletal osteochon-droma in which chromosome bands 12q14~15 were visibly rearranged through a pericentric inv(12). Molecular analysis of the first tumor showed that both transcript 1 (NM_003483) and transcript 2 (NM_003484) of HMGA2 were expressed. In the second tumor, the inv(12) detected by karyotyping had resulted in an HMGA2-SOX5 fusion transcript in which exons 1–3 of HMGA2 were fused with a sequence from intron 1 of SOX5. The observed pattern is similar to rearrangements of HMGA2 found in several other benign mesenchymal tumors, i.e., disruption of the HMGA2 locus leaves intact exons 1–3 which encode the AT-hook domains and separates them from the 3′-terminal part of the gene. Our data therefore show that a subset of soft tissue osteochondromas shares pathogenetic involvement of HMGA2 with lipomas, leiomyomas and other benign connective tissue neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Taksdal
- Department of Radiology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Edea Z, Kim KS. A whole genomic scan to detect selection signatures between Berkshire and Korean native pig breeds. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 56:23. [PMID: 26290712 PMCID: PMC4540274 DOI: 10.1186/2055-0391-56-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Scanning of the genome for selection signatures between breeds may play important role in understanding the underlie causes for observable phenotypic variations. The discovery of high density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide a useful starting point to perform genome–wide scan in pig populations in order to identify loci/candidate genes underlie phenotypic variation in pig breeds and facilitate genetic improvement programs. However, prior to this study genomic region under selection in commercially selected Berkshire and Korean native pig breeds has never been detected using high density SNP markers. To this end, we have genotyped 45 animals using Porcine SNP60 chip to detect selection signatures in the genome of the two breeds by using the FST approach. Results In the comparison of Berkshire and KNP breeds using the FDIST approach, a total of 1108 outlier loci (3.48%) were significantly different from zero at 99% confidence level with 870 of the outlier SNPs displaying high level of genetic differentiation (FST ≥0.490). The identified candidate genes were involved in a wide array of biological processes and molecular functions. Results revealed that 19 candidate genes were enriched in phosphate metabolism (GO: 0006796; ADCK1, ACYP1, CAMK2D, CDK13, CDK13, ERN1, GALK2, INPP1; MAK, MAP2K5, MAP3K1, MAPK14, P14KB, PIK3C3, PRKC1, PTPRK, RNASEL, THBS1, BRAF, VRK1). We have identified a set of candidate genes under selection and have known to be involved in growth, size and pork quality (CART, AGL, CF7L2, MAP2K5, DLK1, GLI3, CA3 and MC3R), ear morphology and size (HMGA2 and SOX5) stress response (ATF2, MSRB3, TMTC3 and SCAF8) and immune response ( HCST and RYR1). Conclusions Some of the genes may be used to facilitate genetic improvement programs. Our results also provide insights for better understanding of the process and influence of breed development on the pattern of genetic variations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2055-0391-56-23) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdu Edea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763 Korea
| | - Kwan-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763 Korea
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Flucke U, Tops BBJ, de Saint Aubain Somerhausen N, Bras J, Creytens DH, Küsters B, Groenen PJTA, Verdijk MAJ, Suurmeijer AJH, Mentzel T. Presence ofC11orf95-MKL2fusion is a consistent finding in chondroid lipomas: a study of eight cases. Histopathology 2013; 62:925-30. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Bras
- Department of Pathology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - David H Creytens
- Department of Pathology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Patricia J T A Groenen
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Marian A J Verdijk
- Department of Pathology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; The Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen; The Netherlands
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Myxoid liposarcoma-associated EWSR1-DDIT3 selectively represses osteoblastic and chondrocytic transcription in multipotent mesenchymal cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36682. [PMID: 22570737 PMCID: PMC3343026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liposarcomas are the most common class of soft tissue sarcomas, and myxoid liposarcoma is the second most common liposarcoma. EWSR1-DDIT3 is a chimeric fusion protein generated by the myxoid liposarcoma-specific chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12). Current studies indicate that multipotent mesenchymal cells are the origin of sarcomas. The mechanism whereby EWSR1-DDIT3 contributes to the phenotypic selection of target cells during oncogenic transformation remains to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings Reporter assays showed that the EWSR1-DDIT3 myxoid liposarcoma fusion protein, but not its wild-type counterparts EWSR1 and DDIT3, selectively repressed the transcriptional activity of cell lineage-specific marker genes in multipotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells. Specifically, the osteoblastic marker Opn promoter and chondrocytic marker Col11a2 promoter were repressed, while the adipocytic marker Ppar-γ2 promoter was not affected. Mutation analyses, transient ChIP assays, and treatment of cells with trichostatin A (a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases) or 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (a methylation-resistant cytosine homolog) revealed the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned selective transcriptional repression. The first is a genetic action of the EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion protein, which results in binding to the functional C/EBP site within Opn and Col11a2 promoters through interaction of its DNA-binding domain and subsequent interference with endogenous C/EBPβ function. Another possible mechanism is an epigenetic action of EWSR1-DDIT3, which enhances histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, and histone H3K9 trimethylation at the transcriptional repression site. We hypothesize that EWSR1-DDIT3-mediated transcriptional regulation may modulate the target cell lineage through target gene-specific genetic and epigenetic conversions. Conclusions/Significance This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion protein-mediated phenotypic selection of putative target multipotent mesenchymal cells during myxoid liposarcoma development. A better understanding of this process is fundamental to the elucidation of possible direct lineage reprogramming in oncogenic sarcoma transformation mediated by fusion proteins.
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Fine mapping of a QTL for ear size on porcine chromosome 5 and identification of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) as a positional candidate gene. Genet Sel Evol 2012; 44:6. [PMID: 22420340 PMCID: PMC3337325 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-44-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ear size and shape are distinct conformation characteristics of pig breeds. Previously, we identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing ear surface on pig chromosome 5 in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 resource population. This QTL explained more than 17% of the phenotypic variance. Methods Four new markers on pig chromosome 5 were genotyped across this F2 population. RT-PCR was performed to obtain expression profiles of different candidate genes in ear tissue. Standard association test, marker-assisted association test and F-drop test were applied to determine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on ear size. Three synthetic commercial lines were also used for the association test. Results We refined the QTL to an 8.7-cM interval and identified three positional candidate genes i.e. HMGA2, SOX5 and PTHLH that are expressed in ear tissue. Seven SNP within these three candidate genes were selected and genotyped in the F2 population. Of the seven SNP, HMGA2 SNP (JF748727: g.2836 A > G) showed the strongest association with ear size in the standard association test and marker-assisted association test. With the F-drop test, F value decreased by more than 97% only when the genotypes of HMGA2 g.2836 A > G were included as a fixed effect. Furthermore, the significant association between g.2836 A > G and ear size was also demonstrated in the synthetic commercial Sutai pig line. The haplotype-based association test showed that the phenotypic variance explained by HMGA2 was similar to that explained by the QTL and at a much higher level than by SOX5. More interestingly, HMGA2 is also located within the dog orthologous chromosome region, which has been shown to be associated with ear type and size. Conclusions HMGA2 was the closest gene with a potential functional effect to the QTL or marker for ear size on chromosome 5. This study will contribute to identify the causative gene and mutation underlying this QTL.
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Cell Adhesion and Transcriptional Activity - Defining the Role of the Novel Protooncogene LPP. Transl Oncol 2011; 2:107-16. [PMID: 19701494 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating signals from the extracellular matrix through the cell surface into the nucleus is an essential feature of metazoan life. To date, many signal transducers known as shuttle proteins have been identified to act as both a cytoskeletal and a signaling protein. Among them, the most prominent representatives are zyxin and lipoma preferred (translocation) partner (LPP). These proteins belong to the LIM domain protein family and are associated with cell migration, proliferation, and transcription. LPP was first identified in benign human lipomas and was subsequently found to be overexpressed in human malignancies such as lung carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and leukemia. This review portrays LPP in the context of human neoplasia based on a study of the literature to define its important role as a novel protooncogene in carcinogenesis.
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Huang D, Sumegi J, Dal Cin P, Reith JD, Yasuda T, Nelson M, Muirhead D, Bridge JA. C11orf95-MKL2 is the resulting fusion oncogene of t(11;16)(q13;p13) in chondroid lipoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:810-8. [PMID: 20607705 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroid lipoma, a rare benign adipose tissue tumor, may histologically resemble myxoid liposarcoma or extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, but is genetically distinct. In this study, an identical reciprocal translocation, t(11;16)(q13;p13), was identified in three chondroid lipomas, a finding consistent with previously isolated reports. A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based positional cloning strategy using a series of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probe combinations designed to narrow the 16p13 breakpoint revealed MKL2 as the candidate gene. Subsequent 5' RACE studies demonstrated C11orf95 as the MKL2 fusion gene partner. MKL/myocardin-like 2 (MKL2) encodes myocardin-related transcription factor B in a megakaryoblastic leukemia gene family, and C11orf95 (chromosome 11 open reading frame 95) is a hypothetical protein. Sequencing analysis of reverse transcription-polymerse chain reaction (RT-PCR) generated transcripts from all three chondroid lipomas defined the fusion as occurring between exons 5 and 9 of C11orf95 and MKL2, respectively. Dual-color breakpoint spanning probe sets custom-designed for recognition of the translocation event in interphase cells confirmed the anticipated rearrangements of the C11orf95 and MKL2 loci in all cases. The FISH and RT-PCR assays developed in this study can serve as diagnostic adjuncts for the identification of this novel C11orf95-MKL2 fusion oncogene in chondroid lipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Huang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA
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Kuipers A, Zhang Y, Cauley JA, Nestlerode CS, Chu Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Hoffman AR, Orwoll ES, Zmuda JM. Association of a high mobility group gene (HMGA2) variant with bone mineral density. Bone 2009; 45:295-300. [PMID: 19376282 PMCID: PMC2795567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins regulate chromatin architecture and gene expression. Constitutional rearrangement of an HMG family member, HMGA2, in an 8-year old boy resulted in extreme overgrowth and advanced bone development. Moreover, a recent genome-wide association study documented an association between a variant in the 3' untranslated region of HMGA2 (rs1042725) and height in otherwise healthy individuals. We attempted to extend these findings by testing if this HMGA2 polymorphism is associated with other skeletal measures in two large population cohorts of diverse race/ethnicity. Genotyping was completed in 1680 Afro-Caribbean men aged > or = 40 years and 1548 Caucasian American men aged > or = 69 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The minor allele frequency of rs1042725 was 32% among Afro-Caribbeans and 48% among Caucasians (p<0.0001). No association was observed with height in either study cohort. However, presence of the minor allele of this SNP was associated with decreased tibia trabecular volumetric BMD in both populations (p=0.007 Afro-Caribbean; p=0.0007 Caucasian). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression in the human fetal osteoblast cell line, hFOB. Our analyses suggest a novel association between a common genetic variant in HMGA2 and trabecular BMD in ethnically diverse older men. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of HMGA2 in the regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Cara S. Nestlerode
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Yanxia Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Alan L. Patrick
- The Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, West Indies
| | | | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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14
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Richter A, Hauschild G, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I, Bullerdiek J. Application of high-mobility-group-A proteins increases the proliferative activity of chondrocytes in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:473-7. [PMID: 18721076 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low capability of self-repair in hyaline cartilage tissue and chondrocytes de-differentiating when grown in vitro (e.g., for tissue engineering approaches) limits articular cartilage repair. It has been shown that the embryonic architectural transcription factors of the high-mobility-group-A (HMGA) protein family affect the regulation of cell differentiation by influencing the state of cell chromatin and are involved in hyaline cartilage development by affecting the expression of chondrocyte-specific marker genes. Thus, the control of cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation by HMGA proteins promises to be an important aspect in cartilage tissue repair. To elucidate the effects on the proliferative activity of hyaline chondrocytes, HMGA proteins were recombinantly expressed, highly purified, and applied to porcine hyaline cartilage cells growing in in vitro monolayer cell culture. Direct application of HMGA1a, HMGA1b, and HMGA2 proteins onto porcine chondrocytes was shown to have a highly significant influence on cell proliferation. Greater proliferation of chondrocytes was achieved than in the untreated control group, indicating a promising approach to enhancing cartilage tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Richter
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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15
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Di Cello F, Hillion J, Hristov A, Wood LJ, Mukherjee M, Schuldenfrei A, Kowalski J, Bhattacharya R, Ashfaq R, Resar LMS. HMGA2 participates in transformation in human lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:743-50. [PMID: 18505920 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have established a prominent role for HMGA1 (formerly HMG-I/Y) in aggressive human cancers, the role of HMGA2 (formerly HMGI-C) in malignant transformation has not been clearly defined. The HMGA gene family includes HMGA1, which encodes the HMGA1a and HMGA1b protein isoforms, and HMGA2, which encodes HMGA2. These chromatin-binding proteins function in transcriptional regulation and recent studies also suggest a role in cellular senescence. HMGA1 proteins also appear to participate in cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation, whereas HMGA2 has been implicated primarily in the pathogenesis of benign, mesenchymal tumors. Here, we show that overexpression of HMGA2 leads to a transformed phenotype in cultured lung cells derived from normal tissue. Conversely, inhibiting HMGA2 expression blocks the transformed phenotype in metastatic human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Moreover, we show that HMGA2 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in primary human lung cancers compared with normal tissue or indolent tumors. In addition, there is a statistically significant correlation between HMGA2 protein staining by immunohistochemical analysis and tumor grade (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that HMGA2 is an oncogene important in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Although additional studies with animal models are needed, these findings suggest that targeting HMGA2 could be therapeutically beneficial in lung cancer and other cancers characterized by increased HMGA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francescopaolo Di Cello
- Hematology Division, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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