1
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Long noncoding RNA NONMMUT015745 inhibits doxorubicin-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating Rab2A-p53 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:364. [PMID: 35974003 PMCID: PMC9381503 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficacious and widely used drug for human malignancy treatment, but its clinical application is limited due to side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Our present study revealed that DOX could induce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Herein, we screened the dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. Notably, overexpression of lncRNA NONMMUT015745 (lnc5745) could alleviate DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, silencing lnc5745 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, Rab2A, a direct target of lnc5745, possesses a protective effect in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity once knocked down. Importantly, we verified that the p53-related apoptotic signalling pathway was responsible for the lnc5745-mediated protective role against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Rab2A interacts with p53 and phosphorylated p53 on Ser 33 (p53 (Phospho-Ser 33)), promotes p53 phosphorylation, thereby activating the apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our results suggested that lnc5745 protects against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through suppressing Rab2A expression, modifying p53 phosphorylation, thereby regulating p53-related apoptotic signalling pathway. Our findings establish the functional mode of the lnc5745-Rab2A-p53 axis in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The development of new strategies targeting the lnc5745-Rab2A-p53 axis could attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is beneficial to its clinical anti-tumour application.
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2
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Kusunoki H, Tanaka T, Kohno T, Kimura H, Hosoda K, Wakamatsu K, Hamaguchi I. NMR characterization of the interaction between Bcl-x L and the BH3-like motif of hepatitis B virus X protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:445-450. [PMID: 31439373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) possesses a BH3-like motif that directly interacts with the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Here we report the interaction between the HBx BH3-like motif and Bcl-xL, as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results showed that this motif binds to the common BH3-binding hydrophobic groove on the surface of Bcl-xL, with a binding affinity of 89 μM. Furthermore, we examined the role of the tryptophan residue (Trp120) in this motif in Bcl-xL binding using three mutants. The W120A mutant showed weaker binding affinity (294 μM) to Bcl-xL, whereas the W120L and W120F mutants exhibited almost equivalent binding affinity to the wild-type. These results indicate that the bulky hydrophobic residues are important for Bcl-xL binding. The findings will be helpful in understanding the apoptosis networks between viral proteins and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kusunoki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kohno
- Department of Medical Informatics, Research and Development Center for Medical Education, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Science, 1-7-1 Tonyamachi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hosoda
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
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3
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Serine 392 phosphorylation modulates p53 mitochondrial translocation and transcription-independent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:190-203. [PMID: 28937686 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a key regulator of apoptosis induced by various cellular stresses. p53 can induce apoptosis by two mechanisms. First, p53 acts as a transcription factor inducing and repressing pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic targets genes, respectively. Second, p53 is able to translocate to the mitochondria, where it interacts with BCL-2 family members to induce membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. p53 transcriptional activity is regulated by a set of post-translational modifications that have been well documented. However, how these modifications impact the direct mitochondrial pathway of death remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of serine 392 phosphorylation in the control of p53-dependent apoptosis. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to substitute serine 392 by a non-phosphorylatable alanine in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells. The S392A mutant displayed normal transcriptional activity following genotoxic stress, but markedly impaired ability to localize to mitochondria. The decreased mitochondrial localization of the S392A mutant correlated with a lower ability to induce apoptosis. Confirmatory observations were made following enforced expression of the S392A p53 mutant or a phospho-mimetic S392E mutant in H1299 lung carcinoma cells. Our observations support the premise that serine 392 phosphorylation of p53 influences its mitochondrial translocation and transcription-independent apoptotic function.
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4
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Chowdhury AR, Long A, Fuchs SY, Rustgi A, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial stress-induced p53 attenuates HIF-1α activity by physical association and enhanced ubiquitination. Oncogene 2016; 36:397-409. [PMID: 27345397 PMCID: PMC5192009 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retrograde signaling is a mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction is communicated to the nucleus for inducing a metabolic shift essential for cell survival. Previously we showed that partial mtDNA depletion in different cell types induced mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway (MtRS) involving Ca+2 sensitive Calcineurin (Cn) activation as an immediate upstream event of stress response. In multiple cell types, this stress signaling was shown to induce tumorigenic phenotypes in immortalized cells. In this study we show that MtRS also induces p53 expression which was abrogated by Ca2+ chelators and shRNA mediated knock down of CnAβ mRNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mitochondrial ionophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and other respiratory inhibitors, which perturb the transmembrane potential, were equally efficient in inducing the expression of p53 and downregulation of MDM2. Stress-induced p53 physically interacted with HIF-1α and attenuated the latter’s binding to promoter DNA motifs. Additionally, p53 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of HIF-1α in partial mtDNA depleted cells. The mtDNA depleted cells, with inhibited HIF-1α, showed upregulation of glycolytic pathway genes, glucose transporter 1–4 (Glut1–4), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and Glucokinase (GSK) but not of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) isoforms. For the first time we show that p53 is induced as part of MtRS and it renders HIF-1α inactive by physical interaction. In this respect our results show that MtRS induces tumor growth independent of HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Long
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Liang J, Xie Q, Li P, Zhong X, Chen Y. Mitochondrial estrogen receptor β inhibits cell apoptosis via interaction with Bad in a ligand-independent manner. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:71-86. [PMID: 25524600 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is localized to mitochondria, whereas little is known about the physiological functions of mitochondrial ERβ. In the present study, we explored the role of mitochondrial ERβ in regulating apoptosis using stable ERβ-expressing and ERβ knockdown cells lines. We found that exogenous ERβ was mainly expressed in mitochondrial but not in nuclear after ERβ overexpression and protected cells from apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ultraviolet (UV), and staurosporine (STS). Moreover, overexpression of ERβ prevented Bax activation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage during apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of ERβ significantly suppressed the expression of ERβ in mitochondrial and promoted cell apoptosis induced by H₂O₂, UV, and STS. Downregulation of ERβ also enhanced Bax activation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. In addition, our study discovered that mitochondrial ERβ interacted with proapoptotic protein Bad in a ligand-independent manner, which suggests that mitochondrial ERβ inhibits Bad, and prevents Bax activation and cytochrome c release. Collectively, the results of this study support that mitochondrial ERβ prevents cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a ligand-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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6
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Chi SW. Structural insights into the transcription-independent apoptotic pathway of p53. BMB Rep 2014; 47:167-72. [PMID: 24499665 PMCID: PMC4163879 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivating the p53 pathway in tumors is an important strategy for anticancer therapy. In response to diverse cellular stresses, the tumor suppressor p53 mediates apoptosis in a transcriptionindependent and transcription-dependent manner. Although extensive studies have focused on the transcription-dependent apoptotic pathway of p53, the transcription-independent apoptotic pathway of p53 has only recently been discovered. Molecular interactions between p53 and Bcl-2 family proteins in the mitochondria play an essential role in the transcriptionindependent apoptosis of p53. This review describes the structural basis for the transcription-independent apoptotic pathway of p53 and discusses its potential application to anticancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 167-172]
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Chi
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
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7
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The DNA-binding domain mediates both nuclear and cytosolic functions of p53. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:535-43. [PMID: 24814347 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of genotoxic stress, human p53 activates the apoptotic effectors BAX or BAK to result in mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Antiapoptotic BCL-2 family member BCL-xL opposes this activity by sequestering cytosolic p53 via association with its DNA-binding domain, an interaction enhanced by p53 tetramerization. Here we characterized the BCL-xL-p53 complex by NMR spectroscopy and modulated it through mutagenesis to determine the relative contributions of BCL-xL's interactions with p53 or other BCL-2 family proteins to the BCL-xL-dependent inhibition of UV irradiation-induced apoptosis. Under our experimental conditions, one-third of the antiapoptotic activity of BCL-xL was mediated by p53 sequestration and the remaining two-thirds through sequestration of proapoptotic BCL-2 family members. Our studies define the contributions of cytosolic p53 to UV irradiation-induced apoptosis and provide opportunities to explore its contributions to other p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathways.
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8
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Matissek KJ, Mossalam M, Okal A, Lim CS. The DNA Binding Domain of p53 Is Sufficient To Trigger a Potent Apoptotic Response at the Mitochondria. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3592-602. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400380s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina J. Matissek
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mohanad Mossalam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Abood Okal
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Carol S. Lim
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah 84112, United States
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9
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Yao H, Mi S, Gong W, Lin J, Xu N, Perrett S, Xia B, Wang J, Feng Y. Anti-apoptosis proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL have different p53-binding profiles. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6324-34. [PMID: 23977882 DOI: 10.1021/bi400690m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the transcription-independent mechanisms of the tumor suppressor p53 discovered in recent years involves physical interaction between p53 and proteins of the Bcl-2 family. In this paper, significant differences between the interaction of p53 with Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL were demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. Bcl-xL was found to bind strongly to the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of ~600 nM, whereas Mcl-1 binds to the p53 DBD weakly with a dissociation constant in the mM range. In contrast, the p53 transactivation domain (TAD) binds weakly to Bcl-xL with a Kd ~ 300-500 μM and strongly to Mcl-1 with a Kd ~ 10-20 μM. NMR titrations indicate that although the p53 TAD binds to the BH3-binding grooves of both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, Bcl-xL prefers to bind to the first subdomain (TAD1) in the p53 TAD, and Mcl-1 prefers to bind to the second subdomain (TAD2). Therefore, Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL have different p53-binding profiles. This indicates that the detailed interaction mechanisms are different, although both Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL can mediate transcription-independent cytosolic roles of p53. The revealed differences in binding sites and binding affinities should be considered when BH3 mimetics are used in cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Ha JH, Shin JS, Yoon MK, Lee MS, He F, Bae KH, Yoon HS, Lee CK, Park SG, Muto Y, Chi SW. Dual-site interactions of p53 protein transactivation domain with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins reveal a highly convergent mechanism of divergent p53 pathways. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7387-98. [PMID: 23316052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions between the tumor suppressor p53 and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins play an important role in the transcription-independent apoptosis of p53. The p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD) contains two conserved ΦXXΦΦ motifs (Φ indicates a bulky hydrophobic residue and X is any other residue) referred to as p53TAD1 (residues 15-29) and p53TAD2 (residues 39-57). We previously showed that p53TAD1 can act as a binding motif for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. In this study, we have identified p53TAD2 as a binding motif for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins by using NMR spectroscopy, and we calculated the structures of Bcl-X(L)/Bcl-2 in complex with the p53TAD2 peptide. NMR chemical shift perturbation data showed that p53TAD2 peptide binds to diverse members of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family independently of p53TAD1, and the binding between p53TAD2 and p53TAD1 to Bcl-X(L) is competitive. Refined structural models of the Bcl-X(L)·p53TAD2 and Bcl-2·p53TAD2 complexes showed that the binding sites occupied by p53TAD2 in Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 overlap well with those occupied by pro-apoptotic BH3 peptides. Taken together with the mutagenesis, isothermal titration calorimetry, and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement data, our structural comparisons provided the structural basis of p53TAD2-mediated interaction with the anti-apoptotic proteins, revealing that Bcl-X(L)/Bcl-2, MDM2, and cAMP-response element-binding protein-binding protein/p300 share highly similar modes of binding to the dual p53TAD motifs, p53TAD1 and p53TAD2. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dual-site interaction of p53TAD is a highly conserved mechanism underlying target protein binding in the transcription-dependent and transcription-independent apoptotic pathways of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Ha
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chaabane W, User SD, El-Gazzah M, Jaksik R, Sajjadi E, Rzeszowska-Wolny J, Los MJ. Autophagy, apoptosis, mitoptosis and necrosis: interdependence between those pathways and effects on cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 61:43-58. [PMID: 23229678 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental ingredient of life. Thus, not surprisingly more than one form of cell death exists. Several excellent reviews on various forms of cell death have already been published but manuscripts describing interconnection and interdependence between such processes are uncommon. Here, what follows is a brief introduction on all three classical forms of cell death, followed by a more detailed insight into the role of p53, the master regulator of apoptosis, and other forms of cell death. While discussing p53 and also the role of caspases in cell death forms, we offer insight into the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis, or necrosis, where autophagy may initially serve pro-survival functions. The review moves further to present some details about less researched forms of programmed cell death, namely necroptosis, necrosis and mitoptosis. These "mixed" forms of cell death allow us to highlight the interconnected nature of cell death forms, particularly apoptosis and necrosis. The interdependence between apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis, and their significance for cancer development and treatment are also analyzed in further parts of the review. In the concluding parts, the afore-mentioned issues will be put in perspective for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chaabane
- Division of Cell Biology, Department Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Cell Biology Building, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Abstract
The main structural characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or intrinsically disordered regions of globular proteins is that they exist as ensembles of multiple conformers which can continuously interconvert, and at times, form ensembles of a more restricted number of conformers. Characterization of the disordered state and transitions to partially or fully ordered states of such ensembles must be expressed in statistical terms, i.e., determination of probability distributions of the various conformers. This can be achieved by measurements of time-resolved dynamic non-radiative excitation energy transfer within ensembles of site-specifically labeled IDP molecules. Distributions of intramolecular segmental end-to-end distances and their fast fluctuations can be determined and fast and slow conformational transitions within selected sections of the molecule can be monitored and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Haas
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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13
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Bharatham N, Chi SW, Yoon HS. Molecular basis of Bcl-X(L)-p53 interaction: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26014. [PMID: 22039431 PMCID: PMC3198449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-XL, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, plays a central role in the regulation of the apoptotic pathway. Heterodimerization of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins with the proapoptotic family members such as Bad, Bak, Bim and Bid is a crucial step in the apoptotic regulation. In addition to these conventional binding partners, recent evidences reveal that the Bcl-2 family proteins also interact with noncanonical binding partners such as p53. Our previous NMR studies showed that Bcl-XL: BH3 peptide and Bcl-XL: SN15 peptide (a peptide derived from residues S15-N29 of p53) complex structures share similar modes of bindings. To further elucidate the molecular basis of the interactions, here we have employed molecular dynamics simulations coupled with MM/PBSA approach. Bcl-XL and other Bcl-2 family proteins have 4 hydrophobic pockets (p1–p4), which are occupied by four systematically spaced hydrophobic residues (h1–h4) of the proapoptotic Bad and Bak BH3 peptides. We observed that three conserved hydrophobic residues (F19, W23 and L26) of p53 (SN15) peptide anchor into three hydrophobic pockets (p2–p4) of Bcl-XL in a similar manner as BH3 peptide. Our results provide insights into the novel molecular recognition by Bcl-XL with p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagakumar Bharatham
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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14
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Ha JH, Won EY, Shin JS, Jang M, Ryu KS, Bae KH, Park SG, Park BC, Yoon HS, Chi SW. Molecular Mimicry-Based Repositioning of Nutlin-3 to Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1244-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Ha
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Won
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Shin
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute Ochang Campus, Cheongwon-Gun, Ochang-Eup, Yangcheong-Ri 804-1, Chungcheongbuk-Do 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637511, Singapore
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lindenboim L, Borner C, Stein R. Nuclear proteins acting on mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:584-96. [PMID: 21130123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An important mechanism in apoptotic regulation is changes in the subcellular distribution of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Among the proteins that change in their localization and may promote apoptosis are nuclear proteins. Several of these nuclear proteins such as p53, Nur77, histone H1.2, and nucleophosmin were reported to accumulate in the cytosol and/or mitochondria and to promote the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in response to apoptotic stressors. In this review, we will discuss the functions of these and other nuclear proteins in promoting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, the mechanisms that regulate their accumulation in the cytosol and/or mitochondria and the potential role of Bax and Bak in this process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Lindenboim
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
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16
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Xu H, Ye H, Osman NE, Sadler K, Won EY, Chi SW, Yoon HS. The MDM2-Binding Region in the Transactivation Domain of p53 Also Acts as a Bcl-XL-Binding Motif. Biochemistry 2009; 48:12159-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bi901188s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Hong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Nur Eliza Osman
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Kristen Sadler
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Eun-Young Won
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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17
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Speidel D. Transcription-independent p53 apoptosis: an alternative route to death. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 20:14-24. [PMID: 19879762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis induced by p53 is firmly established as a central mechanism of tumour suppression. In addition to its complex functions as a nuclear transcription factor, p53 can act in the cytosol and mitochondria to promote apoptosis through transcription-independent mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that physical and functional interactions of p53 with various members of the Bcl-2 family provide the basis for this alternative route of p53-mediated cell death. However, different models of how these interactions promote apoptosis have been proposed. This review focuses on the mechanisms, regulation and physiological roles of transcription-independent p53 activities and highlights recent findings suggesting that the utilisation of these activities provides a promising alternative strategy for p53-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Speidel
- Cell Transformation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead 2145 NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
The principal tumour-suppressor protein, p53, accumulates in cells in response to DNA damage, oncogene activation and other stresses. It acts as a nuclear transcription factor that transactivates genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and numerous other processes. An emerging area of research unravels additional activities of p53 in the cytoplasm, where it triggers apoptosis and inhibits autophagy. These previously unknown functions contribute to the mission of p53 as a tumour suppressor.
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Apoptotic pathways in tumor progression and therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 615:47-79. [PMID: 18437891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cell suicide program that plays a critical role in development and tissue homeostasis. The ability of cancer cells to evade this programmed cell death (PCD) is a major characteristic that enables their uncontrolled growth. The efficiency of chemotherapy in killing such cells depends on the successful induction of apoptosis, since defects in apoptosis signaling are a major cause of drug resistance. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways and their dysregulation in cancer progression and therapy. These advances have provided new molecular targets for proapoptotic cancer therapies that have recently been used in drug development. While most of those therapies are still at the preclinical stage, some of them have shown much promise in the clinic. Here, we review our current knowledge of apoptosis regulation in cancer progression and therapy, as well as the new molecular targeted molecules that are being developed to reinstate cancer cell death.
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Taylor K, Micha D, Ranson M, Dive C. Recent advances in targeting regulators of apoptosis in cancer cells for therapeutic gain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 15:669-90. [PMID: 16732718 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.6.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental cellular death process that is essential for normal tissue homeostasis, whose deregulation is associated with several human disease states, including cancer. Increased understanding of cancer biology has led to the hypothesis that although cancer cells are inherently resistant to the engagement of apoptosis due to the deregulation of molecular components of core apoptotic machinery or of survival signalling cascades, they are primed to die as a result of microenvironmental and oncogenic proapoptotic stress. Recently, deeper insight into the molecular regulation of apoptosis and, specifically, into its deregulation in cancer has led to the development of promising therapies to restore apoptosis and enable selective tumour cell kill. It is hoped that these mechanism-based therapies will exhibit less problematic toxicity profiles than those of conventional agents. Moreover, the development of tailored therapies directed at malignancies bearing specific alterations in apoptotic or survival signalling components may be used in combination approaches to overcome the resistance to other forms of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Taylor
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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Sot B, Freund SMV, Fersht AR. Comparative biophysical characterization of p53 with the pro-apoptotic BAK and the anti-apoptotic BCL-xL. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:29193-200. [PMID: 17699158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705544200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription-independent apoptosis in mitochondria, mediated by its interaction with the pro-apoptotic and the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family of proteins, has been described in vivo, especially in radiosensitive tissues. We have characterized the interaction of p53 with both the pro-apoptotic Bak and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L) proteins, comparing their affinity and their interaction surfaces, using biophysical techniques such as fluorescence anisotropy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and NMR. We have shown that both proteins interact with only the p53 core domain and not with its N- and C-terminal regions. Further, p53 has a higher affinity for Bcl-x(L) than for Bak, which is consistent with the previously described sequential binding of Bcl-x(L) and Bak by p53. Interestingly, although the interaction with both proteins is electrostatic in character, they have different binding sites. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have determined that Bcl-x(L) interacts with the DNA binding site of p53, but Bak does not interact with this site. A new potential interaction surface for Bak is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begona Sot
- Medical Research Council, Centre for Protein Engineering, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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