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Xie X, Sun T, Pan H, Ji D, Xu Z, Gao G, Miao J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ling Y, Su X. Development of Novel β-Carboline/Furylmalononitrile Hybrids as Type I/II Photosensitizers with Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy and Minimal Toxicity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3553-3565. [PMID: 38816926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Chemo-photodynamic therapy is a treatment method that combines chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy and has demonstrated significant potential in cancer treatment. However, the development of chemo-photodynamic therapeutic agents with fewer side effects still poses a challenge. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel series of β-carboline/furylmalononitrile hybrids 10a-i and evaluated their chemo-photodynamic therapeutic effects. Most of the compounds were photodynamically active and exhibited cytotoxic effects in four cancer cells. In particular, 10f possessed type-I/II photodynamic characteristics, and its 1O2 quantum yield increased by 3-fold from pH 7.4 to 4.5. Most interestingly, 10f exhibited robust antiproliferative effects by tumor-selective cytotoxicities and hypoxic-overcoming phototoxicities. In addition, 10f generated intracellular ROS and induced hepatocellular apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and autophagy. Finally, 10f demonstrated extremely low acute toxicity (LD50 = 1415 mg/kg) and a high tumor-inhibitory rate of 80.5% through chemo-photodynamic dual therapy. Our findings may provide a promising framework for the design of new photosensitizers for chemo-photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Heyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dongliang Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiefei Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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2
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Jain A, Winkel BS, Brewer KJ. Photodynamic antimicrobial studies on a Ruthenium-based metal complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Soni JP, Yeole Y, Shankaraiah N. β-Carboline-based molecular hybrids as anticancer agents: a brief sketch. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:730-750. [PMID: 34124672 PMCID: PMC8152596 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a huge burden on the healthcare system and is foremost cause of mortality across the globe. Among various therapeutic strategies, chemotherapy plays an enormous role in overcoming the challenges of treating cancer, especially in late stage detection. However, limitations such as extreme side/adverse effects and drug resistance associated with available drugs have impelled the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, we have reviewed the development of β-carboline-based chemotherapeutic agents reported in last five years. The review mainly emphasizes on the molecular hybrids of β-carbolines with various pharmacophores, their synthetic strategies, and in vitro anticancer evaluation. In addition, the mechanisms of action, in silico studies, structural influence on the potency and selectivity among diverse cancer cell lines have been critically presented. The review updates readers on the diverse molecular hybrids prepared and the governing structural features of high potential molecules that can help in the future development of novel cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Yogesh Yeole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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Jain A, Garrett NT, Malone ZP. Ruthenium-based Photoactive Metalloantibiotics †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:6-16. [PMID: 33882620 DOI: 10.1111/php.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent public health problems. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising therapy to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The aPDT combines a photosensitizer and light to generate reactive oxygen species to induce bacterial inactivation. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes are significant because they possess unique photophysical properties that allow them to produce reactive oxygen species upon photoirradiation, which leads to cytotoxicity. These antimicrobial agents cause bacterial cell death by DNA and cytoplasmic membrane damage. This article presents a comprehensive review of photoactive antimicrobial properties of kinetically inert and labile ruthenium complexes, nanoparticles coupled photoactive ruthenium complexes, and photoactive ruthenium nanoparticles. Additionally, limitations of current ruthenium-based photoactive antimicrobial agents and future directions for the development of antibiotic-resistant photoactive antimicrobial agents are discussed. It is important to raise awareness for the ruthenium-based aPDT agents in order to develop a new class of photoactive metalloantibiotics capable of combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijita Jain
- Madia Department of Chemistry, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA
| | - Noah T Garrett
- Madia Department of Chemistry, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA
| | - Zachary P Malone
- Madia Department of Chemistry, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Photodynamic sensitizers modulate cytoskeleton structural dynamics in neuronal cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:232-248. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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Panagopoulos A, Balalas T, Mitrakas A, Vrazas V, Katsani KR, Koumbis AE, Koukourakis MI, Litinas KE, Fylaktakidou KC. 6-Nitro-Quinazolin-4(3H)-one Exhibits Photodynamic Effects and Photodegrades Human Melanoma Cell Lines. A Study on the Photoreactivity of Simple Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:826-836. [PMID: 33386640 DOI: 10.1111/php.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photochemo and photodynamic therapies are minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of cancers and powerful weapons for competing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Synthetic and naturally occurring quinazolinones are considered privileged anticancer and antibacterial agents, with several of them to have emerged as commercially available drugs. In the present study, applying a single-step green microwave irradiation mediated protocol we have synthesized eleven quinazolinon-4(3H)-ones, from cheap readily available anthranilic acids, in very good yields and purity. These products were irradiated in the presence of pBR322 plasmid DNA under UVB, UVA and visible light. Four of the compounds proved to be very effective DNA photocleavers, at low concentrations, being time and concentration dependent as well as pH independent. Participation of reactive oxygen species was related to the substitution of quinazolinone derivatives. 6-Nitro-quinazolinone in combination with UVA irradiation was found to be in vitro photodestructive for three cell lines; glioblastoma (U87MG and T98G) and mainly melanoma (A-375). Thus, certain appropriately substituted quinazolinones may serve as new lead photosensitizers for the development of promising biotechnological applications and as novel photochemo and photodynamic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic, Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Thomas Balalas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace/University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vrazas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Katerina R Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros E Koumbis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace/University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos E Litinas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina C Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic, Bioorganic and Natural Product Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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7
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Tokala R, Sana S, Lakshmi UJ, Sankarana P, Sigalapalli DK, Gadewal N, Kode J, Shankaraiah N. Design and synthesis of thiadiazolo-carboxamide bridged β-carboline-indole hybrids: DNA intercalative topo-IIα inhibition with promising antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104357. [PMID: 33091673 PMCID: PMC7543778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The conjoining of salient pharmacophoric properties directing the development of prominent cytotoxic agents was executed by constructing thiadiazolo-carboxamide bridged β-carboline-indole hybrids. On the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential, 12c exhibited prodigious cytotoxicity among the synthesized new molecules 12a-k, with an IC50 < 5 μM in all the tested cancer cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, BT-474, HCT-116, THP-1) and the best cytotoxic potential was expressed in lung cancer cell line (A549) with an IC50 value of 2.82 ± 0.10 μM. Besides, another compound 12a also displayed impressive cytotoxicity against A549 cell line (IC50: 3.00 ± 1.40 μM). Further target-based assay of these two compounds 12c and 12a revealed their potential as DNA intercalative topoisomerase-IIα inhibitors. Additionally, the antiproliferative activity of compound 12c was measured in A549 cells by traditional apoptosis assays revealing the nuclear, morphological alterations, and depolarization of membrane potential in mitochondria and externalization of phosphatidylserine in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis unveiled the G0/G1 phase inhibition and wound healing assay inferred the inhibition of in vitro cell migration by compound 12c in lung cancer cells. Remarkably, the safety profile of compound 12c was disclosed by screening against normal human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B: IC50: 71.2 ± 7.95 μM) with a selectivity index range of 14.9-25.26. Moreover, Molecular modeling studies affirm the intercalative binding of compound 12c and 12a in the active pocket of topo-IIα. Furthermore, in silico prediction of physico-chemical parameters divulged the propitious drug-like properties of the synthesized derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sravani Sana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Uppu Jaya Lakshmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Prasanthi Sankarana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi-Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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Serdaroğlu G. Harmine derivatives: a comprehensive quantum chemical investigation of the structural, electronic (FMO, NBO, and MEP), and spectroscopic (FT-IR and UV–Vis) properties. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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ELİK M, Serdaroğlu G. A Computational Study of 1-substituted methyl 9-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate: Quantum Chemical Descriptors, FMO and NBO Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17776/csj.356185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Maisuls I, Wolcan E, Piro OE, Castellano EE, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM, Ruiz GT. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes with β-Carboline Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
- IIB-INTECH - UNSAM-CONICET; I. Marino Km 8,2. CC 164 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- Instituto IFLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET) y Depto. de Física; FCE-UNLP, C.C. 67; 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | | | - Gabriela Petroselli
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEyN; UBA, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria; (1428) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEyN; UBA, Pabellón II, 3er P., Ciudad Universitaria; (1428) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- IIB-INTECH - UNSAM-CONICET; I. Marino Km 8,2. CC 164 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo T. Ruiz
- INIFTA; UNLP (CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diag. 113 y 64, C.C. 16, Suc. 4, (B1906ZAA); La Plata Argentina
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Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and apoptosis-inducing properties of two highly cytotoxic cyclometalated ruthenium(II) β-carboline complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:104-117. [PMID: 28923379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(N-N)2(1-Ph-βC)](PF6), where N-N = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb, Ru1), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, Ru2), and 1-Ph-βC (1-phenyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) is a β-carboline alkaloids derivatives, have been synthesized and characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicities, cellular uptake and localization, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of these complexes have been extensively explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), flow cytometry, comet assay, inverted fluorescence microscope as well as western blotting experimental techniques. Notably, Ru1 and Ru2 exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against selected human cancer cell lines with IC50 values lower than those of cisplatin and other non-cyclometalated Ru(II) β-carboline complexes. The cellular uptake and localization exhibit that these complexes can accumulate in the cell nuclei. Further antitumor mechanism studies show that Ru1 and Ru2 can cause cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by regulating cell cycle relative proteins and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ROS-mediated DNA damage.
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Paul BK, Ghosh N, Mondal R, Mukherjee S. Contrasting Effects of Salt and Temperature on Niosome-Bound Norharmane: Direct Evidence for Positive Heat Capacity Change in the Niosome:β-Cyclodextrin Interaction. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4091-101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Narayani Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ramakanta Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
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13
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Muscia GC, De María LO, Buldain GY, Asís SE. Ultrasound Assisted Pictet-Spengler Synthesis of Tetrahydro-β-Carboline Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela C. Muscia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Junín 956 C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leonardo O. De María
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Junín 956 C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Graciela Y. Buldain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Junín 956 C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia E. Asís
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Junín 956 C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
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Effect of evodiagenine mediates photocytotoxicity on human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and activation of p38 pathways. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Jia T, Wang J, Guo P, Yu J. Characterizations of cationic γ-carbolines binding with double-stranded DNA by spectroscopic methods and AFM imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 13:1234-42. [PMID: 25434722 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two cationic γ-carbolines, 2-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indolium iodide (MPII) and 2,5-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indolium iodide (DPII), were synthesized, and the DNA-binding properties of the cationic γ-carbolines were elucidated. Through a series of experiments, we proved that the two cationic γ-carbolines could strongly interact with DNA by intercalative binding. However, DPII, with a methyl group substituting H atom of 5-NH, has shown a stronger intercalative interaction with DNA compared to MPII. The dissociation of H from the 5-NH of MPII resulted in better water solubility and less binding affinity to DNA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of pBR322 showed that both MPII and DPII strongly interacted with DNA and induced conformational changes in DNA. Moreover, the CT-DNA circular dichroism (CD) spectra changes and the statistics of the node numbers of pBR322 in AFM images indicated that MPII had more profound effects on DNA conformations compared to DPII. Furthermore, our studies have shown that the interactions between cationic γ-carbolines and DNA were sensitive to ionic strength. Increased ionic strength in the buffer caused the DNA helix to shrink, and the base stacking would be more compact, which resulted in minimal intercalation of cationic γ-carbolines into DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China.
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Sarkar S, Pandya P, Bhadra K. Sequence specific binding of beta carboline alkaloid harmalol with deoxyribonucleotides: binding heterogeneity, conformational, thermodynamic and cytotoxic aspects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108022. [PMID: 25247695 PMCID: PMC4172587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Base dependent binding of the cytotoxic alkaloid harmalol to four synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dA).poly(dT), poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), poly(dG).poly(dC) and poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) was examined by various photophysical and calorimetric studies, and molecular docking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Binding data obtained from absorbance according to neighbor exclusion model indicated that the binding constant decreased in the order poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC)>poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT)>poly(dA).poly(dT)>poly(dG).poly(dC). The same trend was shown by the competition dialysis, change in fluorescence steady state intensity, stabilization against thermal denaturation, increase in the specific viscosity and perturbations in circular dichroism spectra. Among the polynucleotides, poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dG).poly(dC) showed positive cooperativity where as poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) showed non cooperative binding. Isothermal calorimetric data on the other hand showed enthalpy driven exothermic binding with a hydrophobic contribution to the binding Gibbs energy with poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) where as harmalol with poly(dA).poly(dT) showed entropy driven endothermic binding and with poly(dG).poly(dC) it was reported to be entropy driven exothermic binding. The study also tested the in vitro chemotherapeutic potential of harmalol in HeLa, MDA-MB-231, A549, and HepG2 cell line by MTT assay. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Studies unequivocally established that harmalol binds strongly with hetero GC polymer by mechanism of intercalation where the alkaloid resists complete overlap to the DNA base pairs inside the intercalation cavity and showed maximum cytotoxicity on HepG2 with IC50 value of 14 µM. The results contribute to the understanding of binding, specificity, energetic, cytotoxicity and docking of harmalol-DNA complexation that will guide synthetic efforts of medicinal chemists for developing better therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Prateek Pandya
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Vignoni M, Erra-Balsells R, Epe B, Cabrerizo FM. Intra- and extra-cellular DNA damage by harmine and 9-methyl-harmine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 132:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Sarkar S, Bhadra K. Binding of alkaloid harmalol to DNA: Photophysical and calorimetric approach. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:272-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Design, synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of novel bivalent β-carbolines. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 60:10-22. [PMID: 23279863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of bivalent β-carbolines with a spacer of three to ten methylene units between the indole nitrogen was synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents. The results demonstrated that compounds 18c, 21b, 25a and 31b exhibited strong cytotoxic activities with IC(50) value of lower than 20 μM against four tumor cell lines. Acute toxicities and antitumor efficacies of the selected compounds in mice were also evaluated, compounds 18b, 21b, 26a and 31b exhibited potent antitumor activities with tumor inhibition rate of over 40% in animal models. Preliminary structure-activity relationships analysis indicated that (1) the spacer length affected antitumor potencies, and four to six methylene units were more favorable; (2) the introduction of appropriate substituent into position-1 of β-carboline facilitated antitumor potencies.
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20
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Gonzalez MM, Rasse-Suriani FAO, Franca CA, Diez RP, Gholipour Y, Nonami H, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Photosensitized electron transfer within a self-assembled norharmane-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP) complex. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9359-72. [PMID: 23111419 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Norharmane is a compound that belongs to a family of alkaloids called β-carbolines (βCs). These alkaloids are present in a wide range of biological systems, playing a variety of significant photo-dependent roles. Upon UV-A irradiation, βCs are able to act as efficient photosensitizers. In this work, we have investigated the photosensitized oxidation of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP) by norharmane in an aqueous phase, upon UV-A (350 nm) irradiation. The effect of the pH was evaluated on both the interactions between norharmane and dAMP in the ground and electronic excited states, and on the dAMP photosensitized oxidation. A quite strong static interaction between norharmane and dAMP was observed, especially under those pH conditions where the protonated form of the alkaloid is present (pH < 7). Theoretical studies were performed to further characterize the static complex structure. The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosensitized reaction was also investigated and the photoproducts were characterized by means of UV-LDI-MS and ESI-MS. All the data provided herein indicate that electron transfer (Type I) within a self-assembled norharmane-dAMP complex is the operative mechanism in the dAMP photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Micaela Gonzalez
- CIHIDECAR - CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Modulation of Prototropic Activity and Rotational Relaxation Dynamics of a Cationic Biological Photosensitizer within the Motionally Constrained Bio-environment of a Protein. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10322-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2015275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009, India
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22
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N-[2(3-Carboxyl-9-benzyl-carboline-1-yl)ethyl-1-yl]-amino acids: correlation of spectral property with in vivo anti-tumor activity. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Ma C, Cao R, Shi B, Zhou X, Ma Q, Sun J, Guo L, Yi W, Chen Z, Song H. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of 1-carboxamide and 1-amino side chain substituted β-carbolines. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5513-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Chen Z, Cao R, Yu L, Shi B, Sun J, Guo L, Ma Q, Yi W, Song X, Song H. Synthesis, cytotoxic activities and DNA binding properties of β-carboline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4740-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Chen Z, Cao R, Shi B, Yi W, Yu L, Song H, Ren Z, Peng W. Synthesis of novel beta-carbolines with efficient DNA-binding capacity and potent cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3876-9. [PMID: 20627721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble beta-carbolines, bearing a flexible amino side chain, was prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The N(9)-arylated alkyl substituted beta-carbolines represented the most interesting cytotoxic activities, and compound 7b was found to be the most potent antitumor agent with IC(50) values lower than 10microM against eight human tumor cell lines. The results confirmed that the N(9)-arylated alkyl substituents of beta-carboline nucleus played an important role in the modulation of the cytotoxic potencies. In addition, these compounds were found to exhibit significant DNA-binding affinity.
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26
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Gonzalez MM, Pellon-Maison M, Ales-Gandolfo MA, Gonzalez-Baró MR, Erra-Balsells R, Cabrerizo FM. Photosensitized cleavage of plasmidic DNA by norharmane, a naturally occurring β-carboline. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2543-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c002235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Coronilla AS, Carmona C, Muñoz MA, Balón M. Ground and Singlet Excited State Pyridinic Protonation of N9-Methylbetacarboline in Water-N,N-Dimethylformamide Mixtures. J Fluoresc 2009; 19:1025-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Cao R, Yi W, Wu Q, Guan X, Feng M, Ma C, Chen Z, Song H, Peng W. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of 1-benzylidine substituted beta-carboline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6558-61. [PMID: 18952426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new beta-carboline derivatives, bearing a benzylidine substituent at position-1, has been prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human cell lines. The N(2)-benzylated beta-carbolinium bromates represented the most interesting cytotoxic activities. In particular, compounds 19 were found to be the most potent compounds with IC(50) values lower than 5 microM against 10 strains human tumor cell lines. These results confirmed that the N(2)-benzyl substituent on the beta-carboline ring played an important role in the modulation of the cytotoxic activities and suggested that further development of such compounds may be interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xin Gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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29
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Stockmann V, Fiksdahl A. Preparation of new pyrido[3,4-b]thienopyrroles and pyrido[4,3-e]thienopyridazines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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A spectroscopic study of the interaction of the fluorescent beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-methylamide with DNA constituents: nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides. J Fluoresc 2008; 18:961-72. [PMID: 18470601 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-methylamide, betaCMAM, and nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides is studied in the ground state with UV-visible, (1)H NMR and (31)P NMR spectroscopies and in the first excited state, with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Job plots show a predominant 1:1 interaction in both electronic states. Association constants are estimated from changes in the absorption spectra, and show that the strongest interaction is produced with the nucleosides: 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and thymidine (Thd), and with the mononucleotides: 2'-deoxycytidine 5'- monophosphate (5'-dCMP) and uridine 5'- monophosphate (5'-UMP). These results are corroborated by the upfield shifts of two (1)H NMR resonances of the betaCMAM indole group. The (31)P NMR resonance of nucleotides is shifted downfield, suggesting the presence of electrostatic or hydrogen bond interaction with betaCMAM. In the first electronic singlet excited state, static and dynamic quenching of betaCMAM emission is achieved upon addition of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides. This has been analysed using Stern-Volmer kinetics.
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31
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Wu Q, Cao R, Feng M, Guan X, Ma C, Liu J, Song H, Peng W. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of novel 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl substituted beta-carboline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:533-40. [PMID: 18462839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate further our SARs' study on the chemistry and cytotoxic activity and probe the structural requirement for the potent antitumor activity of beta-carbolines, a series of novel 1,9-disubstituted and 1,3,9-trisubstituted beta-carboline derivatives were designed and synthesized from the starting material L-tryptophan and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenezaldehyde. Cytotoxic activities of these compounds in vitro were investigated, and the SARs associated with position-1, 3 and 9 substituents in beta-carbolines have also been discussed. It has been observed that these compounds only displayed moderate to weak cytotoxic activities. Interestingly, most of the investigated compounds displayed selectively cytotoxic activities to human BCG-823 cell lines with IC(50) value lower than 100 microM. In addition, the short alkyl substituents in position-9 increased the cytotoxic activities with the tendency of n-butyl > ethyl > methyl. These data confirmed that (1) an alkyl substituent at position-9 of beta-carboline nucleus plays an important role in determining their antitumor activities; (2) different beta-carbolines bearing various substituents in beta-carboline nucleus interacted selectively with specific targets leading to the difference of biochemical and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xin Gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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32
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García-Zubiri IX, Burrows HD, Seixas de Melo JS, Pina J, Monteserín M, Tapia MJ. Effects of the interaction between beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-methylamide and polynucleotides on singlet oxygen quantum yield and DNA oxidative damage. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 83:1455-64. [PMID: 18028221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-methylamide (betaCMAM) with the sodium salts of the nucleotides polyadenylic (Poly A), polycytidylic (Poly C), polyguanylic (Poly G), polythymidylic (Poly T) and polyuridylic (Poly U) acids, and with double stranded (dsDNA) and single stranded deoxyribonucleic acids (ssDNA) was studied at pH 4, 6 and 9. Predominant 1:1 complex formation is indicated from Job plots. Association constants were determined using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. BetaCMAM-sensitized singlet oxygen quantum yields were determined at pH 4, 6 and 9, and the effects on this of adding oligonucleotides, dsDNA and ssDNA were studied at the three pH values. With dsDNA, the effect on betaCMAM triplet state formation was also determined through triplet-triplet transient absorption spectra. To evaluate possible oxidative damage of DNA following singlet oxygen betaCMAM photosensitization, we used thiobarbituric acid-reactivity assays and electrophoretic separation of DNA assays. The results showed no oxidative damage at the level of DNA degradation or strand break.
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Cekaite L, Peng Q, Reiner A, Shahzidi S, Tveito S, Furre IE, Hovig E. Mapping of oxidative stress responses of human tumor cells following photodynamic therapy using hexaminolevulinate. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:273. [PMID: 17692132 PMCID: PMC2045114 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves systemic or topical administration of a lesion-localizing photosensitizer or its precursor, followed by irradiation of visible light to cause singlet oxygen-induced damage to the affected tissue. A number of mechanisms seem to be involved in the protective responses to PDT, including activation of transcription factors, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic pathways. Results In this study, we address the effects of a destructive/lethal hexaminolevulinate (HAL) mediated PDT dose on the transcriptome by using transcriptional exon evidence oligo microarrays. Here, we confirm deviations in the steady state expression levels of previously identified early defence response genes and extend this to include unreported PDT inducible gene groups, most notably the metallothioneins and histones. HAL-PDT mediated stress also altered expression of genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Further, we report PDT stress induced alternative splicing. Specifically, the ATF3 alternative isoform (deltaZip2) was up-regulated, while the full-length variant was not changed by the treatment. Results were independently verified by two different technological microarray platforms. Good microarray, RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting correlation for selected genes support these findings. Conclusion Here, we report new insights into how destructive/lethal PDT alters the transcriptome not only at the transcriptional level but also at post-transcriptional level via alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- State Key Lab for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Andrew Reiner
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan Shahzidi
- Department of Pathology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Tveito
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingegerd E Furre
- Department of Pathology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshopitalet – Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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García-Zubiri IX, Burrows HD, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J, Pina J, Monteserín M, Tapia MJ. Effects of the Interaction Between ?-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-Methylamide and Polynucleotides on Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield and DNA Oxidative Damage. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0031-8655.2007.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang YH, Tang JG, Wang RR, Yang LM, Dong ZJ, Du L, Shen X, Liu JK, Zheng YT. Flazinamide, a novel β-carboline compound with anti-HIV actions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:1091-5. [PMID: 17336271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A beta-carboline compound, flazin isolated from Suillus granulatus has been shown weak anti-HIV-1 activity. Based on the structure of flazin, flazinamide [1-(5'- hydromethyl-2'-furyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide] was synthesized and its anti-HIV activities were evaluated in the present study. The cytotoxicity of flazinamide was about 4.1-fold lower than that of flazin. Flazinamide potently reduced syncytium formation induced by HIV-1IIIB with EC50 value of 0.38muM, the EC50 of flazinamide was about 6.2-fold lower than that of flazin. Flazinamide also inhibited HIV-2ROD and HIV-2CBL-20 infection with EC50 values of 0.57 and 0.89microM, respectively. Flazinamide reduced p24 antigen expression in HIV-1IIIB acute infected C8166 and in clinical isolated strain HIV-1KM018 infected PBMC, with EC50 values of 1.45 and 0.77microM, respectively. Flazinamide did not suppress HIV-1 replication in chronically infected H9 cells. Flazinamide blocked the fusion between normal cells and HIV-1 or HIV-2 chronically infected cells. It weakly inhibited activities of recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease or integrase at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the conversion of the carboxyl group in 3 position of flazin markedly enhanced the anti-viral activity (TI value increased from 12.1 to 312.2) and flazinamide might interfere in the early stage of HIV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Guan H, Chen H, Peng W, Ma Y, Cao R, Liu X, Xu A. Design of β-carboline derivatives as DNA-targeting antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1167-79. [PMID: 16790297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research studied the structure-activity relationship of beta-carboline derivatives as antitumor agents, in which 41 synthesized compounds and their cytotoxicity to tumor and normal cell lines were assayed. It was proved that substituent in position-9 of the beta-carboline ring could reinforce the DNA intercalating ability and consequently cytotoxicity to tumor cell lines, and the amidation of amino group at the end of the DNA targeting side chain in position-3 could cripple the DNA intercalating activity of these compounds, which resultingly initiated the cytotoxic selectivity to tumor cell lines rather than to normal ones. Furthermore, the S and G2-M arrest induced by these compounds confirmed that they could target DNA and lead to DNA destructions in Hela cells. In short, this study may provide a framework to design a novel antitumor drug that could surpass Adriamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135, Xin Gang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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