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Yu Z, Xue D, Song M, Xu A, He Q, Li H, Ouyang W, Chouchane L, Ma X. Targeting UBR5 inhibits postsurgical breast cancer lung metastases by inducing CDC73 and p53 mediated apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:723-737. [PMID: 37855385 PMCID: PMC10841427 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
UBR5 is a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase that is frequently amplified in breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. Heightened UBR5 expression plays a profound role in tumor growth through immune-dependent mechanisms; however, its mode of action in driving tumor metastasis has not been definitively delineated. Herein, we used a tetracycline (Tet)-inducible RNAi-mediated expression silencing cell system to investigate how UBR5 enables postsurgical mammary tumor metastatic growth in mouse lungs without the continuous influence of the primary lesion. In vitro, Ubr5 knockdown induces morphological and molecular changes characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, UBR5 promotes lung metastasis in an E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent manner. Moreover, doxycycline-induced UBR5 expression knockdown in metastatic cells in the lungs, following removing the primary tumors, resulted in increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and prolonged survival, whereas silencing the expression of cell division cycle 73 (CDC73), a tumor suppressor and E3 ligase substrate of UBR5, reversed these effects. Transcriptome analyses revealed a prominent role of the p53 pathway in dovitinib-induced apoptosis of tumor cells differentially regulated by UBR5 and CDC73. In human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient specimens, a strong inverse correlation was observed between UBR5 and CDC73 protein levels, with reduced CDC73 expression at metastatic sites compared to primary lesions. Furthermore, a xenograft model of human TNBC recapitulated the metastatic properties and characteristics of the unique UBR5-CDC73 functional antagonism. This study reveals the novel and critical roles and intricate relationships of UBR5, CDC73 and p53 in postsurgical breast cancer metastasis and indicates the potential of targeting this pathway in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine & Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mei Song
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aizhang Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing He
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Costa-Guda J, Cohen ST, Romano R, Acostamadiedo J, Clark K, Bellizzi J, Arnold A. Phenotype of Parathyroid-targeted Cdc73 Deletion in Mice Is Strain-dependent. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae006. [PMID: 38328479 PMCID: PMC10849604 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism jaw-tumor syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the CDC73/HRPT2 tumor suppressor gene, encoding parafibromin, and manifesting benign or malignant parathyroid tumors, ossifying jaw fibromas, uterine tumors, and kidney lesions. Sporadic parathyroid carcinomas also frequently exhibit inactivating CDC73 mutations and loss of parafibromin. To study the role of CDC73 in parathyroid cell proliferation in vivo, we generated mice with a parathyroid-specific deletion of Cdc73. Homozygous knockout mice on a mixed B6/129/CD1 background had decreased serum calcium and PTH and smaller parathyroid glands compared with heterozygous or wild-type littermates, whereas homozygous Cdc73-null mice on other backgrounds exhibited no abnormalities in parathyroid gland function or development. No hypercalcemia or parathyroid hypercellularity was observed in mice of any background examined at any age. Thus, although postnatally acquired complete loss of CDC73 causes parathyroid cell proliferation and hyperparathyroidism, such as seen in human hyperparathyroidism jaw-tumor syndrome, our results suggest that earlier, developmentally imposed complete loss of Cdc73 can cause a primary defect in parathyroid gland structure/function in a strain-dependent manner. This striking disparity in parathyroid phenotype related to genetic background offers a unique opportunity in an in vivo model system to precisely dissect and identify the responsible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Costa-Guda
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sarah T Cohen
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Robert Romano
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Jennifer Acostamadiedo
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
- Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Clark
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Justin Bellizzi
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Tora R, Welch J, Sun J, Agarwal SK, Bell DA, Merino M, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Jha S. Phenotypic Profiling and Molecular Mechanisms in Hyperparathyroidism-jaw Tumor Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3165-3177. [PMID: 37339334 PMCID: PMC10655532 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a heritable form of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by germline inactivating mutations in CDC73 encoding parafibromin and is associated with an increased risk of parathyroid cancer. There is little evidence to guide the management of patients with the disease. OBJECTIVE (1) Characterize the natural history of HPT-JT, (2) correlate genotype and histology of parathyroid tumors with parafibromin immunostaining, (3) understand molecular changes downstream to CDC73 loss. DESIGN Retrospective study of patients with HPT-JT syndrome (genetically confirmed or affected first-degree relatives). Independent review of uterine tumor from 2 patients and staining for parafibromin on parathyroid tumors from 19 patients (13 adenomas, 6 carcinomas) was performed. RNA-sequencing was performed in 21 parathyroid samples (8 HPT-JT-related adenomas, 6 HPT-JT-related carcinomas, and 7 sporadic carcinomas with wild-type CDC73). RESULTS We identified 68 patients from 29 kindreds with HPT-JT with median age at last follow-up of 39 [interquartile range, 29-53] years. A total of 55/68 (81%) developed primary hyperparathyroidism; 17/55 (31%) had parathyroid carcinoma. Twelve of 32 (38%) females developed uterine tumors. Of the 11 patients who had surgical resection for uterine tumors, 12/24 (50%) tumors were rare mixed epithelial mesenchymal polypoid lesions. Four of 68 patients (6%) developed solid kidney tumors; 3/4 had a CDC73 variant at p.M1 residue. Parafibromin staining of parathyroid tumors did not correlate with tumor histology or genotype. RNA-sequencing showed a significant association of HPT-JT-related parathyroid tumors with transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, mesodermal commitment pathway, and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Multiple, recurrent atypical adenomyomatous uterine polyps appear to be enriched in women with HPT-JT and appear characteristic of the disease. Patients with CDC73 variants at p.M1 residue appear predisposed to kidney tumors. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT04969926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tora
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Welch
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debra A Bell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Smita Jha
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gosnell HL, Sadow PM. Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Parathyroid Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Collaboration for Optimal Patient Management. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:87-96. [PMID: 36739169 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid disease typically presents with parathyroid hyperfunction as result of neoplasia or a consequence of non-neoplastic systemic disease. Given the parathyroid gland is a hormonally active organ with broad physiologic implications and serologically accessible markers for monitoring, the diagnosis of parathyroid disease is predominantly a clinical pathologic correlation. We provide the current pathological correlates of parathyroid disease and discuss preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative pathology consultative practice for optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey L Gosnell
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code L25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, WRN219, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Updates of Genomics and Proteomics of Parathyroid Carcinoma. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease that needs an additional diagnostic tool and wide therapeutic options. The genomics and proteomics approach may help to find the tools to improve the prognosis of the disease by early detection and metastatic control. The findings from genomics were mainly CDC73, PRUNE2, CCND1, and genes related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt pathways. CDC73, PRUNE2, and CCND1 were closely related to each other, and PRUNE2 and CCND1 genes are related to expression levels of parafibromin protein, which may aid in supporting the definite diagnosis of the disease. PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt pathways could be a potential therapeutic target for the disease, which needs further basket trials to prove the concept. In this review, current findings from genomics and proteomics studies in parathyroid carcinoma were reviewed.
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A two-generation hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome family: clinical presentations, pathological characteristics and genetic analysis: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 36153594 PMCID: PMC9508707 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor (HPT-JT) is caused by inactivating germline mutations of CDC73. This hereditary disease can present with a range of symptoms. Jaw ossifying fibroma (OF) is one of the most important clinical presentations, affecting 30% of HPT-JT patients. However, OF is easily confused with other fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) of the jaw. The correct diagnosis of HPT-JT is a real challenge and must be confirmed by genetic testing. Case presentation A female proband and her father suffered from multiple and recurrent FOLs in the jaw. Considering well demarcated margin and heterogeneous calcified substance lying in a variable density of fibrous stroma, we reached the diagnosis of jaw OF through radiologic and microscopic analyses. Additionally, the proband presented with chronic anemia resulting from menorrhagia, as well as renal mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST). Two patients both presented with no evidence of Hyperparathyroidism (HPT). A germline start codon mutation (c.1A > G) of CDC73 was identified in them. Copy number loss at the CDC73 gene locus was verified in the jaw tumor sample of the proband. Conclusion Regardless of whether HPT manifestations are present, patients with heritable jaw OF may be at risk for HPT-JT. Genetic testing should be adopted to confirm the diagnosis. Early recognition of HPT-JT helps to better develop tailored treatment plans and surveillance programs.
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Xiang G, Wang S, Chen L, Song M, Song X, Wang H, Zhou P, Ma X, Yu J. UBR5 targets tumor suppressor CDC73 proteolytically to promote aggressive breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:451. [PMID: 35551175 PMCID: PMC9098409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UBR5, a HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an attractive therapeutic target for aggressive breast cancers. Defining the substrates of UBR5 is crucial for scientific understanding and clinical intervention. Here, we demonstrate that CDC73, a component of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex, is a key substrate that impedes UBR5's profound tumorigenic and metastatic activities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) via mechanisms of regulating the expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin, tumor cell apoptosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Expression of CDC73 is also negatively associated with the progression of breast cancer patients. Moreover, we show that UBR5 destabilizes CDC73 by polyubiquitination at Lys243, Lys247, and Lys257 in a non-canonical manner that is dependent on the non-phosphorylation state of CDC73 at Ser465. CDC73 could serve as a molecular switch to modulate UBR5's pro-tumor activities and may provide a potential approach to developing breast cancer therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Yang Y, Song A, Nie M, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia W, Xing X, Wang O, Hu Y. A novel long-range deletion spanning CDC73 and upper-stream genes discovered in a kindred of familial primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2022; 75:907-915. [PMID: 34729685 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm the exact break-point of a novel long-range deletion discovered in one female parathyroid carcinoma (PC) patient who has a strong family history suggesting familial hyperparathyroidism, and to investigate the expression of parafibromin in the patient's affected lesion. METHODS Clinical information of one female patient as well as five of her relatives was collected. Their genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood went through Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). After completing whole genome sequencing (WGS), clone sequencing was also performed, whose result was aligned with standard human genome database after Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The medical history of recurrent hypercalcemia after parathyroidectomy and histopathological investigation confirmed that the female patient was diagnosed with PC. WGS displayed a novel 130 kb long-range deletion spanning UCHL5 to CDC73 that was later confirmed by clone sequencing. MLPA showed similar results in four of her five relatives, suggesting these people to be carriers of the same long-range deletion, and three among them had a history of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) ahead of the proband's first visit. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel 130 kb long-range deletion spanning CDC73 in a family of 5 persons, and the existence of the deletion was related to PHPT and PC. Our discovery validated the role of CDC73 mutation in the occurrence of PHPT and PC, which provided new information to the genetic studies of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - An Song
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Min Nie
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Ya Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China.
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Costa-Guda J, Pandya C, Strahl M, Taik P, Sebra R, Chen R, Uzilov AV, Arnold A. Parafibromin Abnormalities in Ossifying Fibroma. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab087. [PMID: 34159287 PMCID: PMC8212678 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossifying fibromas are very rare tumors that are sometimes seen as part of the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), which is caused by inactivating mutations of the HRPT2/CDC73 tumor suppressor gene. CDC73 mutations have been identified in a subset of sporadic cases but aberrant expression of the encoded protein, parafibromin, has not been demonstrated in ossifying fibroma. We sought to determine if loss of parafibromin regularly contributes to the development of sporadic, nonsyndromic ossifying fibroma. We examined a series of 9 ossifying fibromas, including ossifying, cemento-ossifying, and juvenile active variants, for parafibromin protein expression by immunohistochemistry and for CDC73 sequence abnormalities by Sanger sequencing and/or targeted AmpliSeq panel sequencing. Four ossifying fibromas showed a complete absence of nuclear parafibromin expression; loss of parafibromin expression was coupled with aberrant cytoplasmic parafibromin expression in 1 case. CDC73 mutations were detected in 2 cases with aberrant parafibromin expression. These results provide novel evidence, at the level of protein expression, that loss of the parathyroid CDC73/parafibromin tumor suppressor may play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of ossifying fibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Costa-Guda
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Chetanya Pandya
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Maya Strahl
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Patricia Taik
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Andrew V Uzilov
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture , Stamford, CT 06902, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Wasiak M, Popow M, Bogdańska M, Starzyńska-Kubicka A, Małdyk P, Wasilewski P. Treatment of pathological fractures due to brown tumours in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and lack of parafibromin expression - A case report. Trauma Case Rep 2020; 30:100367. [PMID: 33204800 PMCID: PMC7649644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown tumours, known also as osteitis fibrosa cystica, are benign osteolytic lesions found in 5–15% of patients with hyperparathyroidism, and commonly located in mandibles, the shafts of long bones, the pelvis or ribs. As they compromise bone strength, pathological fractures can be a typical effect of their presence; but given the complex nature of the disease process in this case, such fractures require an interdisciplinary approach directed at orthopaedic treatment, plus management of the underlying hyperparathyroidism. In this paper, we present the case of a 36-year-old female patient with bilateral anophthalmia, hyperparathyroidism and nephrolithiasis, in whom a fall led to her sustaining a pathological fracture of the proximal third of the femoral shaft in the place of an osteolytic lesion, as well as second pathological fracture of the left patella also changed by multiple examples of such lesions. Parathyroidectomy on account of adenoma had been performed 2 weeks prior to the trauma. The femoral shaft fracture was treated surgically, the patella fracture conservatively, and a sample brown tumour was found in tissue. As the parathyroid showed no parafibromin expression, a diagnosis of HPT-JT (hyperparathyroidism and jaw tumour) was arrived at, with this condition given as caused by CDC73 mutation. This disease is able to account for brown tumours, hyperparathyroidism, benign or malignant tumours of kidneys, intestinal tract, and lungs. The approach combining treatment of the fractures with intervention over the parathyroid adenoma proved a successful one, with complete bone union ensuing, and no relapse into hyperparathyroidism 2 years on from the surgery. This case indicates the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of brown tumours, as well as the necessity for a diagnosis to be extended when incidental brown tumours are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wasiak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Popow
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bogdańska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Małdyk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wasilewski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
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Ji P, Wu W, Chen S, Zheng Y, Zhou L, Zhang J, Cheng H, Yan J, Zhang S, Yang P, Zhao F. Expanded Expression Landscape and Prioritization of Circular RNAs in Mammals. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3444-3460.e5. [PMID: 30893614 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as essential regulators of various biological and disease processes. To comprehensively understand the diversity of circRNAs and prioritize their importance, we present a large-scale study of circRNA repertoires from multiple tissues from human, macaque, and mouse. We discovered totals of 104,388, 96,675, and 82,321 circRNAs from the three species, respectively, with an average of 72.6% being successfully assembled into full-length transcripts for each species. Using these full-length circRNAs, we identified thousands of evolutionarily conserved circRNAs that were valuable for functional screening and prioritization. By constructing both species-specific and conserved gene co-expression networks, we inferred circRNA functions on a global scale and prioritized promising functional candidates. To illustrate how well-established prior knowledge facilitates to screen functional candidates, we used the circRNA co-expression networks to prioritize circRNAs that may be involved in liver tumorigenesis and experimentally validated their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Ji
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | | | - Fangqing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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12
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Ciuffi S, Cianferotti L, Nesi G, Luzi E, Marini F, Giusti F, Zonefrati R, Gronchi G, Perigli G, Brandi ML. Characterization of a novel CDC73 gene mutation in a hyperparathyrodism-jaw tumor patient affected by parathyroid carcinoma in the absence of somatic loss of heterozygosity. Endocr J 2019; 66:319-327. [PMID: 30799315 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperparathyrodism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder. Loss of function of the cell division cycle protein 73 homolog (CDC73) gene is responsible for the syndrome. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed 531 amino acid protein, parafibromin, that acts as a tumor suppressor. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the CDC73 locus in many HPT-JT associated parathyroid tumors from patients with germline mutation is in accordance with Knudson's "two-hit" model for hereditary cancer. A 41-year-old man with mandible ossifying fibroma suffered from severe hypercalcemia due to parathyroid carcinoma (PC). Genetic analysis was performed to evaluate germinal and somatic CDC73 gene mutation as well as real-time qRT-PCR to quantify CDC73 mRNA, miR-155 and miR-664 expression levels. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB) assay were carried out to evaluate parafibromin protein expression. A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation, c.191-192 delT, was identified in the CDC73 gene. No CDC73 LOH was found in PC tissue, nor any differences in expression levels for CDC73 gene, miR-155 and miR-664 between PC and parathyroid adenoma control tissues. On the contrary, both immunohistochemistry and WB assay showed an approximate 90% reduction of parafibromin protein expression in PC. In conclusion, this study describes a novel germinal mutation, c.191-192 delT, in the CDC73 gene. Despite normal CDC73 gene expression, we found a significant decrease in parafibromin. We hypothesize that a gene silencing mechanism, possibly induced by microRNA, could play a role in determining somatic post-transcriptional inactivation of the wild type CDC73 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Bone and Mineral Diseases, University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Ettore Luzi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Bone and Mineral Diseases, University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Giuliano Perigli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of General Surgery, University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Unit of Bone and Mineral Diseases, University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
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13
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Stevens AS, Wouters A, Ploem JP, Pirotte N, Van Roten A, Willems M, Hellings N, Franken C, Koppen G, Artois T, Plusquin M, Smeets K. Planarians Customize Their Stem Cell Responses Following Genotoxic Stress as a Function of Exposure Time and Regenerative State. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:251-263. [PMID: 29145667 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to in vivo characterize the responses of pluripotent stem cells and regenerative tissues to carcinogenic stress, we employed the highly regenerative organism Schmidtea mediterranea. Its broad regenerative capacities are attributable to a large pool of pluripotent stem cells, which are considered key players in the lower vulnerability toward chemically induced carcinogenesis observed in regenerative organisms. Schmidtea mediterranea is, therefore, an ideal model to study pluripotent stem cell responses with stem cells residing in their natural environment. Including microenvironmental alterations is important, as the surrounding niche influences the onset of oncogenic events. Both short- (3 days) and long-term (17 days) exposures to the genotoxic carcinogen methyl methanesulfonate (50 µM) were evaluated during homeostasis and animal regeneration, two situations that render altered cellular niches. In both cases, MMS-induced DNA damage was observed, which provoked a decrease in proliferation on the short term. The outcome of DNA damage responses following long-term exposure differed between homeostatic and regenerating animals. During regeneration, DNA repair systems were more easily activated than in animals in homeostasis, where apoptosis was an important outcome. Knockdown experiments confirmed the importance of DNA repair systems during carcinogenic exposure in regenerating animals as knockdown of rad51 induced a stem cell-depleted phenotype, after regeneration was completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Stevens
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan-Pieter Ploem
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicky Pirotte
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andromeda Van Roten
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maxime Willems
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Carmen Franken
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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14
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Yu FQ, Wang Z, Wang XW, Wang SL, Li XD, Huang QS, Lin JH. MicroRNA-885-5p promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and migration by downregulation of cell division cycle protein 73 homolog expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1565-1572. [PMID: 30675214 PMCID: PMC6341520 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Numerous studies have strongly implicated the ectopic expression of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), including miR-885-5p, which is aberrantly expressed in several cancer types, in multiple cancer-related processes. However, the role of miR-885-5p in OS remains unknown. In the present study, it was found that the expression of miR-885-5p was markedly upregulated in OS cell lines and clinical tissues. Moreover, high expression of miR-885-5p was significantly associated with the development of OS. The human OS MG-63 cell line was transfected with recombinant lentivirus to regulate miR-885-5p expression. Overexpressed miR-885-5p significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of MG-63 cells in vitro, while downregulating miR-885-5p expression reversed these effects. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the potential target genes of miR-885-5p, and cell division cycle protein 73 homolog (CDC73) was identified as a novel and direct target of miR-885-5p. This interaction was further confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and luciferase activity assays. These findings suggest that miR-885-5p serves a critical role in facilitating OS proliferation and migration, and can regulate CDC73 expression in OS cells and tissues. Thus, miR-885-5p could be a promising novel therapeutic biomarker for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Wen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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15
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Down-regulation of cancer-associated gene CDC73 contributes to cellular senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:809-814. [PMID: 29621547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated gene expression is another important contributor in explaining cancer-related phenotypes in addition to mutations. Cellular senescence is a mechanism for the prevention of cancer and thus it is important to understand the regulation of gene expression in senescence due to its potential in anti-cancer therapy. Here, we found that CDC73, which encodes the cell division cycle 73 and acts as a tumor suppressor, was unexpectedly up-regulated in several cancer types but down-regulated in a variety of senescent cells. Importantly, depletion of CDC73 could induce senescence-associated phenotypes in both normal and cancer cells, with an increase in p21 expression. In terms of molecular mechanism, alternative polyadenylation (APA)-mediated 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) lengthening explained, at least in part, the decreased CDC73 expression in senescent cells because longer 3' UTR had a higher rate of RNA degradation compared to the shorter one. Our work discovered that post-transcriptional down-regulation of CDC73 contributed to cellular senescence.
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16
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Cardoso L, Stevenson M, Thakker RV. Molecular genetics of syndromic and non-syndromic forms of parathyroid carcinoma. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1621-1648. [PMID: 28881068 PMCID: PMC5698716 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) may occur as part of a complex hereditary syndrome or an isolated (i.e., non-syndromic) non-hereditary (i.e., sporadic) endocrinopathy. Studies of hereditary and syndromic forms of PC, which include the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2 (MEN1 and MEN2), and familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism (FIHP), have revealed some genetic mechanisms underlying PC. Thus, cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) germline mutations cause HPT-JT, and CDC73 mutations occur in 70% of sporadic PC, but in only ∼2% of parathyroid adenomas. Moreover, CDC73 germline mutations occur in 20%-40% of patients with sporadic PC and may reveal unrecognized HPT-JT. This indicates that CDC73 mutations are major driver mutations in the etiology of PCs. However, there is no genotype-phenotype correlation and some CDC73 mutations (e.g., c.679_680insAG) have been reported in patients with sporadic PC, HPT-JT, or FIHP. Other genes involved in sporadic PC include germline MEN1 and rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations and somatic alterations of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) and tumor protein P53 (TP53) genes, as well as epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histone modifications, and microRNA misregulation. This review summarizes the genetics and epigenetics of the familial syndromic and non-syndromic (sporadic) forms of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cardoso
- Department of EndocrinologyDiabetes and MetabolismCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraPraceta Prof Mota PintoCoimbraPortugal
- Radcliffe Department of MedicineAcademic Endocrine UnitOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Radcliffe Department of MedicineAcademic Endocrine UnitOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Radcliffe Department of MedicineAcademic Endocrine UnitOxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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17
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The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of CDC73 expression in cancers: a bioinformatics analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95270-95279. [PMID: 29221126 PMCID: PMC5707020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CDC73 interacts with human PAF1 complex, histone methyltransferase complex and RNA polymerase II for transcription elongation and 3’ end processing. Its down-regulated expression was immunohistochemically detected in gastric, colorectal, ovarian and head and neck cancers, and positively correlated with aggressive behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of malignancies. We performed a bioinformatics analysis by using Oncomine, TCGA and KM plotter databases. It was found that CDC73 mRNA was overexpressed in gastric, lung, breast and ovarian cancers, even stratified by histological subtypes (p<0.05). CDC73 mRNA expression was stronger in gastric intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05), and positively correlated with distant metastasis and TNM staging of lung cancer (p<0.05). CDC73 mRNA expression was positively related to both overall and progression-free survival rates of the patients with gastric cancer, even stratified by gender, lymph node involvement, or treatment (p<0.05), while versa for breast cancer (p<0.05). The prognostic significance of CDC73 mRNA was dependent on the datasets and pathological grouping in lung and ovarian cancers. These findings indicated the CDC73 mRNA overexpression was positively linked to carcinogenesis. It is cautious to employ CDC73 mRNA to evaluate the clinicopathological behaviors and prognosis of cancers.
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18
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Zheng HC, Liu JJ, Li J, Wu JC, Yang L, Zhao GF, Zhao X, Jiang HM, Huang KQ, Li ZJ. The in vitro and vivo effects of nuclear and cytosolic parafibromin expression on the aggressive phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells: a search of potential gene therapy target. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23603-23612. [PMID: 28223542 PMCID: PMC5410330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulated parafibromin is positively linked to the pathogenesis of parathyroid, lung, breast, ovarian, gastric and colorectal cancers. Here, we found that wild-type (WT) parafibromin overexpression suppressed proliferation, tumor growth, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells (p<0.05), but it was the converse for mutant-type (MT, mutation in nucleus localization sequence) parafibromin (p<0.05). Both WT and MT transfectants inhibited migration and invasion, and caused better differentiation (p<0.05) of cancer cells. WT parafibromin transfectants showed the overexpression of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p38, p53, and AIF in HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells, while MT parafibromin only up-regulated p38 expression. There was lower mRNA expression of bcl-2 in parafibromin transfectants than the control and mock, while higher expression of c-myc, Cyclin D1, mTOR, and Raptor. According to transcriptomic analysis, WT parafibromin suppressed PI3K-Akt and FoxO signaling pathways, while MT one promoted PI3K-Akt pathway, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Parafibromin was less expressed in colorectal cancer than paired mucosa (p<0.05), and inversely correlated with its differentiation at both mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05). These findings indicated that WT parafibromin might reverse the aggressive phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells and be employed as a target for gene therapy. Down-regulated parafibromin expression might be closely linked to colorectal carcinogenesis and cancer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Wu
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhao
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | | | | | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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19
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Walls GV, Stevenson M, Lines KE, Newey PJ, Reed AAC, Bowl MR, Jeyabalan J, Harding B, Bradley KJ, Manek S, Chen J, Wang P, Williams BO, Teh BT, Thakker RV. Mice deleted for cell division cycle 73 gene develop parathyroid and uterine tumours: model for the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome. Oncogene 2017; 36:4025-4036. [PMID: 28288139 PMCID: PMC5472200 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour (HPT-JT) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by occurrence of parathyroid tumours, often atypical adenomas and carcinomas, ossifying jaw fibromas, renal tumours and uterine benign and malignant neoplasms. HPT-JT is caused by mutations of the cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) gene, located on chromosome 1q31.2 and encodes a 531 amino acid protein, parafibromin. To facilitate in vivo studies of Cdc73 in tumourigenesis we generated conventional (Cdc73+/-) and conditional parathyroid-specific (Cdc73+/L/PTH-Cre and Cdc73L/L/PTH-Cre) mouse models. Mice were aged to 18-21 months and studied for survival, tumour development and proliferation, and serum biochemistry, and compared to age-matched wild-type (Cdc73+/+ and Cdc73+/+/PTH-Cre) littermates. Survival of Cdc73+/- mice, when compared to Cdc73+/+ mice was reduced (Cdc73+/-=80%; Cdc73+/+=90% at 18 months of age, P<0.05). Cdc73+/-, Cdc73+/L/PTH-Cre and Cdc73L/L/PTH-Cre mice developed parathyroid tumours, which had nuclear pleomorphism, fibrous septation and increased galectin-3 expression, consistent with atypical parathyroid adenomas, from 9 months of age. Parathyroid tumours in Cdc73+/-, Cdc73+/L/PTH-Cre and Cdc73L/L/PTH-Cre mice had significantly increased proliferation, with rates >fourfold higher than that in parathyroid glands of wild-type littermates (P<0.0001). Cdc73+/-, Cdc73+/L/PTH-Cre and Cdc73L/L/PTH-Cre mice had higher mean serum calcium concentrations than wild-type littermates, and Cdc73+/- mice also had increased mean serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Parathyroid tumour development, and elevations in serum calcium and PTH, were similar in males and females. Cdc73+/- mice did not develop bone or renal tumours but female Cdc73+/- mice, at 18 months of age, had uterine neoplasms comprising squamous metaplasia, adenofibroma and adenomyoma. Uterine neoplasms, myometria and jaw bones of Cdc73+/- mice had increased proliferation rates that were 2-fold higher than in Cdc73+/+ mice (P<0.05). Thus, our studies, which have established mouse models for parathyroid tumours and uterine neoplasms that develop in the HPT-JT syndrome, provide in vivo models for future studies of these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Walls
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M Stevenson
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - K E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Newey
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A A C Reed
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M R Bowl
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Jeyabalan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - B Harding
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - K J Bradley
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S Manek
- Department of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, UK
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - P Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - B O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - B T Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - R V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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20
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Chen Y, Hu DY, Wang TT, Zhang R, Dong Q, Xu ZX, Wang L, Li TJ. CDC73 gene mutations in sporadic ossifying fibroma of the jaws. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:91. [PMID: 27658992 PMCID: PMC5034632 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor gene CDC73 was found to be associated with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), which is characterized by parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, ossifying fibroma (OF) of the jaws, and renal and uterine lesions. Mutations in CDC73 have also been frequently detected in sporadic parathyroid carcinomas and renal tumors. However, the prevalence and range of CDC73 mutations in sporadic OFs have not been established. Methods We directly sequenced coding and flanking splice junctional regions of CDC73 in 40 cases of sporadic OF of the jaws. We also used immunohistochemistry to detect parafibromin, the protein product of CDC73, in those cases. Results Two novel CDC73 mutations were identified in 2 of the 40 cases (5 %). Both were somatic mutations located in exon 1 of the coding region. Strong parafibromin expression was detected in all 40 cases, irrespective of the presence of CDC73 mutations. Conclusions Mutations inCDC73 were rare in sporadic OF of the jaws, but may affect the pathogenesis of a small subset of tumors of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Yan Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, 82 South Construction Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Oral Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, 82 South Construction Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, 82 South Construction Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Cho I, Lee M, Lim S, Hong R. Significance of Parafibromin Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:264-9. [PMID: 27334641 PMCID: PMC4963974 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.04.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parafibromin is a product of the tumor suppressor gene that has been studied as a potential indicator of tumor aggressiveness in the parathyroid, breast, colorectum, and stomach. However, the clinical significance and potential function of parafibromin expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of parafibromin in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to verify its potential as a biomarker of tumor behavior. METHODS Parafibromin expression was evaluated in 30 cases of LSCC using immunohistochemistry. The correlations between parafibromin expression and clinicopathologic parameters were investigated. RESULTS Parafibromin expression was positive in 15 cases (50%) and negative in 15 cases (50%). Tumor size and T stage showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with parafibromin expression (p=.028 and p<.001, respectively). Parafibromin expression was not associated with age, sex, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, or tumor location. There was no statistically significant relationship between parafibromin expression and progression-free survival in the patients (p>.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the downregulation or loss of parafibromin expression can be employed as a novel marker of tumor progression or aggressiveness in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inju Cho
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mija Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sharon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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22
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of anticancer drug RH1 resistance in liver carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:219-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Herr P, Lundin C, Evers B, Ebner D, Bauerschmidt C, Kingham G, Palmai-Pallag T, Mortusewicz O, Frings O, Sonnhammer E, Helleday T. A genome-wide IR-induced RAD51 foci RNAi screen identifies CDC73 involved in chromatin remodeling for DNA repair. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15034. [PMID: 27462432 PMCID: PMC4860774 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new regulators of homologous recombination repair, we carried out a genome-wide short-interfering RNA screen combined with ionizing irradiation using RAD51 foci formation as readout. All candidates were confirmed by independent short-interfering RNAs and validated in secondary assays like recombination repair activity and RPA foci formation. Network analysis of the top modifiers identified gene clusters involved in recombination repair as well as components of the ribosome, the proteasome and the spliceosome, which are known to be required for effective DNA repair. We identified and characterized the RNA polymerase II-associated protein CDC73/Parafibromin as a new player in recombination repair and show that it is critical for genomic stability. CDC73 interacts with components of the SCF/Cullin and INO80/NuA4 chromatin-remodeling complexes to promote Histone ubiquitination. Our findings indicate that CDC73 is involved in local chromatin decondensation at sites of DNA damage to promote DNA repair. This function of CDC73 is related to but independent of its role in transcriptional elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Herr
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lundin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bastiaan Evers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Headington, UK
| | - Christina Bauerschmidt
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Headington, UK
| | - Guy Kingham
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | | | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Frings
- Science for Life Laboratory, Bioinformatics Centre Stockholm, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sonnhammer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Bioinformatics Centre Stockholm, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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Nonfunctional Metastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Syndrome. Surg Res Pract 2014; 2014:731481. [PMID: 25374962 PMCID: PMC4208584 DOI: 10.1155/2014/731481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a very rare malignancy. It has been associated with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and 2A (MEN-2A) syndromes. We report a 54-year-old man with a MEN-2A which presents with a nonfunctional metastatic parathyroid carcinoma and a pheochromocytoma in the absence of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Only a few cases of parathyroid carcinoma have been reported in the literature associated with this syndrome.
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25
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Pontikides N, Karras S, Kaprara A, Anagnostis P, Mintziori G, Goulis DG, Memi E, Krassas G. Genetic basis of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism: a case series and a narrative review of the literature. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:351-66. [PMID: 24442824 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a heterogeneous clinical entity. In the clinical setting, the diagnosis and management of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) and other familial hyperparathyroidism (FHPT) forms continue to rely on clinical, laboratory, and histological findings, with careful examination of the family. In this article, we report a case series of FIHP in a four-generation Greek family, with no identifiable gene mutations. Clinical approach and long-term follow-up are discussed and a narrative review of the genetic basis of this entity has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pontikides
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, Venizelou 34b, Pilea, PO Box: 55535, Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Zhao S, Sun HZ, Zhu ST, Lu H, Niu ZF, Guo WF, Takano Y, Zheng HC. Effects of parafibromin expression on the phenotypes and relevant mechanisms in the DLD-1 colon carcinoma cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4249-54. [PMID: 23991985 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the HRPT2 (hyperparathyroidism 2) oncosuppressor gene and its down-regulated expression is involved in pathogenesis of parathyroid, breast, gastric and colorectal carcinomas. This study aimed to clarify the effects of parafibromin expression on the phenotypes and relevant mechanisms of DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells. METHODS DLD-1 cells transfected with a parafibromin-expressing plasmid were subjected to examination of phenotype, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Phenotype-related proteins were measured by Western blot. Parafibromin and ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. RESULTS The transfectants showed higher proliferation by CCK-8, better differentiation by electron microscopy and ALP activity and more apoptotic resistance to cisplatin by DNA fragmentation than controls. There was no difference in early apoptosis by annexin V, capase-3 activity, migration and invasion between DLD-1 cells and their transfectants. Ectopic parafibromin expression resulted in down-regulated expression of smad4, MEKK, GRP94, GRP78, GSK3β-ser9, and Caspase-9. However, no difference was detectable in caspase-12 and -8 expression. A positive relationship was noted between parafibromin and ki-67 expression in colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Parafibromin overexpression could promote cell proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and differentiation of DLD-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, JinZhou, China. zheng_huachuan @hotmail.com
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27
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Rather MI, Swamy S, Gopinath KS, Kumar A. Transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor CDC73, encoding an RNA polymerase II interactor, by Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) promotes cell proliferation: implication for cancer therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:968-76. [PMID: 24257751 PMCID: PMC3887219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) can either repress or induce the expression of genes. Inconsistent with its tumor suppressor role, elevated WT1 levels have been observed in leukemia and solid tumors. WT1 has also been suggested to act as an oncogene by inducing the expression of MYC and BCL-2. However, these are only the correlational studies, and no functional study has been performed to date. Consistent with its tumor suppressor role, CDC73 binds to RNA polymerase II as part of a PAF1 transcriptional regulatory complex and causes transcriptional repression of oncogenes MYC and CCND1. It also represses β-catenin-mediated transcription. Based on the reduced level of CDC73 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples in the absence of loss-of-heterozygosity, promoter methylation, and mutations, we speculated that an inhibitory transcription factor is regulating its expression. The bioinformatics analysis predicted WT1 as an inhibitory transcription factor to regulate the CDC73 level. Our results showed that overexpression of WT1 decreased CDC73 levels and promoted proliferation of OSCC cells. ChIP and EMSA results demonstrated binding of WT1 to the CDC73 promoter. The 5-azacytidine treatment of OSCC cells led to an up-regulation of WT1 with a concomitant down-regulation of CDC73, further suggesting regulation of CDC73 by WT1. Exogenous CDC73 attenuated the protumorigenic activity of WT1 by apoptosis induction. An inverse correlation between expression levels of CDC73 and WT1 was observed in OSCC samples. These observations indicated that WT1 functions as an oncogene by repressing the expression of CDC73 in OSCC. We suggest that targeting WT1 could be a therapeutic strategy for cancer, including OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal Rather
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India and
| | - Shivananda Swamy
- the Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Kodaganur S. Gopinath
- the Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- From the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India and
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28
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Pazienza V, la Torre A, Baorda F, Alfarano M, Chetta M, Muscarella LA, Battista C, Copetti M, Kotzot D, Kapelari K, Al-Abdulrazzaq D, Perlman K, Sochett E, Cole DEC, Pellegrini F, Canaff L, Hendy GN, D’Agruma L, Zelante L, Carella M, Scillitani A, Guarnieri V. Identification and functional characterization of three NoLS (nucleolar localisation signals) mutations of the CDC73 gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82292. [PMID: 24340015 PMCID: PMC3855386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism Jaw-Tumour Syndrome (HPT-JT) is characterized by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), maxillary/mandible ossifying fibromas and by parathyroid carcinoma in 15% of cases. Inactivating mutations of the tumour suppressor CDC73/HRPT2 gene have been found in HPT-JT patients and also as genetic determinants of sporadic parathyroid carcinoma/atypical adenomas and, rarely, typical adenomas, in familial PHPT. Here we report the genetic and molecular analysis of the CDC73/HRPT2 gene in three patients affected by PHPT due to atypical and typical parathyroid adenomas, in one case belonging to familial PHPT. Flag-tagged WT and mutant CDC73/HRPT2 proteins were transiently transfected in HEK293 cells and functional assays were performed in order to investigate the effect of the variants on the whole protein expression, nuclear localization and cell overgrowth induction. We identified four CDC73/HRPT2 gene mutations, three germline (c.679_680delAG, p.Val85_Val86del and p.Glu81_Pro84del), one somatic (p.Arg77Pro). In three cases the mutation was located within the Nucleolar Localisation Signals (NoLS). The three NoLS variants led to instability either of the corresponding mutated protein or mRNA or both. When transfected in HEK293 cells, NoLS mutated proteins mislocalized with a predeliction for cytoplasmic or nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and, finally, they resulted in overgrowth, consistent with a dominant negative interfering effect in the presence of the endogenous protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Filomena Baorda
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Michela Alfarano
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Chetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Stamping (Fondazione Bruno Kessler), Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Claudia Battista
- Endocrinology, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Dieter Kotzot
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kusiel Perlman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Sochett
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E. C. Cole
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Medicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Chronic Diseases, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Lucie Canaff
- Calcium Research Laboratory and Hormones and Cancer Research Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N. Hendy
- Calcium Research Laboratory and Hormones and Cancer Research Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo D’Agruma
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Leopoldo Zelante
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Endocrinology, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Medical Genetics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
- * E-mail:
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29
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Marsh DJ, Hahn MA, Howell VM, Gill AJ. Molecular diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in familial cancer syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:377-92. [PMID: 23489357 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, causative genes have been identified for most of the familial hyperparathyroidism conditions. Germline mutations in the tumour suppressors multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and hyperparathyroidism 2 (HRPT2) provide a molecular diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome, respectively. Germline mutations in the proto-oncogene RET (rearranged during transfection) provide a molecular diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Germline mutations of both MEN1 and, less frequently HRPT2, have been found in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. A molecular diagnosis can now be incorporated into the management of patients with these conditions, however, the ease of diagnostics and value of genetic information in the context of clinical screening and early surgical intervention varies between these disorders. This review focuses on familial hyperparathyroidism and its known causative genes in the setting of neoplastic syndromes, with particular discussion of recent developments in the molecular diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Marsh
- University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia +61 2 9926 8486 ; +61 2 9926 8484 ;
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30
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Rather MI, Nagashri MN, Swamy SS, Gopinath KS, Kumar A. Oncogenic microRNA-155 down-regulates tumor suppressor CDC73 and promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation: implications for cancer therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:608-18. [PMID: 23166327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDC73 gene is mutationally inactivated in hereditary and sporadic parathyroid tumors. It negatively regulates β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-MYC. Down-regulation of CDC73 has been reported in breast, renal, and gastric carcinomas. However, the reports regarding the role of CDC73 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are lacking. In this study we show that CDC73 is down-regulated in a majority of OSCC samples. We further show that oncogenic microRNA-155 (miR-155) negatively regulates CDC73 expression. Our experiments show that the dramatic up-regulation of miR-155 is an exclusive mechanism for down-regulation of CDC73 in a panel of human cell lines and a subset of OSCC patient samples in the absence of loss of heterozygosity, mutations, and promoter methylation. Ectopic expression of miR-155 in HEK293 cells dramatically reduced CDC73 levels, enhanced cell viability, and decreased apoptosis. Conversely, the delivery of a miR-155 antagonist (antagomir-155) to KB cells overexpressing miR-155 resulted in increased CDC73 levels, decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and marked regression of xenografts in nude mice. Cotransfection of miR-155 with CDC73 in HEK293 cells abrogated its pro-oncogenic effect. Reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of KB cells were dependent on the presence or absence of the 3'-UTR in CDC73. In summary, knockdown of CDC73 expression due to overexpression of miR-155 not only adds a novelty to the list of mechanisms responsible for its down-regulation in different tumors, but the restoration of CDC73 levels by the use of antagomir-155 may also have an important role in therapeutic intervention of cancers, including OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal Rather
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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31
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Cui C, Lal P, Master S, Ma Y, Baradet T, Bing Z. Expression of parafibromin in major renal cell tumors. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e39. [PMID: 23361235 PMCID: PMC3567758 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parafibromin, encoded by HRPT2 gene, is a recently identified tumor suppressor. Complete and partial loss of its expression have been observed in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT), parathyroid carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, gastric and colorectal carcinoma. However, little has been known about its expression in renal tumors. In order to study the expression of parafibromin in a series of the 4 major renal cell tumors - clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and oncocytoma, one hundred thirty nine renal tumors including 61 ccRCCs, 37 pRCCs, 22 chRCCs and 19 oncocytomas were retrieved and used for the construction of renal tissue microarrays (TMAs). The expression of parafibromin was detected by immunohistochemical method on the constructed TMAs. Positive parafibromin stains are seen in 4 out of 61 ccRCCs (7%), 7 out of 37 pRCCs (19%), 12 out of 23 chRCCs (52%) and all 19 oncocytomas (100%). Parafibromin expression varies significantly (P<8.8×10−16) among the four major renal cell tumors and were correlated closely with tumor types. No correlation of parafibromin expression with tumor staging in ccRCCs, pRCCs and chRCCs, and Fuhrman nuclear grading in ccRCCs and pRCCs was seen. In summary, parafibromin expression was strongly correlated with tumor types, which may suggest that it plays a role in the tumorigenesis in renal cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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The many roles of the conserved eukaryotic Paf1 complex in regulating transcription, histone modifications, and disease states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2012; 1829:116-26. [PMID: 22982193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Paf1 complex was originally identified over fifteen years ago in budding yeast through its physical association with RNA polymerase II. The Paf1 complex is now known to be conserved throughout eukaryotes and is well studied for promoting RNA polymerase II transcription elongation and transcription-coupled histone modifications. Through these critical regulatory functions, the Paf1 complex participates in numerous cellular processes such as gene expression and silencing, RNA maturation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression and prevention of disease states in higher eukaryotes. In this review, we describe the historic and current research involving the eukaryotic Paf1 complex to explain the cellular roles that underlie its conservation and functional importance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA polymerase II Transcript Elongation.
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Bai S, LiVolsi VA, Fraker DL, Bing Z. Water-clear parathyroid adenoma: report of two cases and literature review. Endocr Pathol 2012; 23:196-200. [PMID: 22638654 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-012-9211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Bai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sulaiman L, Nilsson IL, Juhlin CC, Haglund F, Höög A, Larsson C, Hashemi J. Genetic characterization of large parathyroid adenomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:389-407. [PMID: 22454399 PMCID: PMC3359501 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we genetically characterized parathyroid adenomas with large glandular weights, for which independent observations suggest pronounced clinical manifestations. Large parathyroid adenomas (LPTAs) were defined as the 5% largest sporadic parathyroid adenomas identified among the 590 cases operated in our institution during 2005-2009. The LPTA group showed a higher relative number of male cases and significantly higher levels of total plasma and ionized serum calcium (P<0.001). Further analysis of 21 LPTAs revealed low MIB1 proliferation index (0.1-1.5%), MEN1 mutations in five cases, and one HRPT2 (CDC73) mutation. Total or partial loss of parafibromin expression was observed in ten tumors, two of which also showed loss of APC expression. Using array CGH, we demonstrated recurrent copy number alterations most frequently involving loss in 1p (29%), gain in 5 (38%), and loss in 11q (33%). Totally, 21 minimal overlapping regions were defined for losses in 1p, 7q, 9p, 11, and 15q and gains in 3q, 5, 7p, 8p, 16q, 17p, and 19q. In addition, 12 tumors showed gross alterations of entire or almost entire chromosomes most frequently gain of 5 and loss of chromosome 11. While gain of 5 was the most frequent alteration observed in LPTAs, it was only detected in a small proportion (4/58 cases, 7%) of parathyroid adenomas. A significant positive correlation was observed between parathyroid hormone level and total copy number gain (r=0.48, P=0.031). These results support that LPTAs represent a group of patients with pronounced parathyroid hyperfunction and associated with specific genomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Sulaiman
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Inga-Lena Nilsson
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital P9:03SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital P1:02SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
| | - Felix Haglund
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital P1:02SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- (Correspondence should be addressed to C Larsson at Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01; )
| | - Jamileh Hashemi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM L8:01SE-171 76, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Takahashi A, Tsutsumi R, Kikuchi I, Obuse C, Saito Y, Seidi A, Karisch R, Fernandez M, Cho T, Ohnishi N, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Meyerson M, Neel BG, Hatakeyama M. SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase converts parafibromin/Cdc73 from a tumor suppressor to an oncogenic driver. Mol Cell 2011; 43:45-56. [PMID: 21726809 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of SHP2 is associated with malignant diseases as well as developmental disorders. Although SHP2 is required for full activation of RAS signaling, other potential roles in cell physiology have not been elucidated. Here we show that SHP2 dephosphorylates parafibromin/Cdc73, a core component of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF) complex. Parafibromin is known to act as a tumor suppressor that inhibits cyclin D1 and c-myc by recruiting SUV39H1 histone methyltransferase. However, parafibromin can also act in the opposing direction by binding β-catenin, thereby activating promitogenic/oncogenic Wnt signaling. We found that, on tyrosine dephosphorylation by SHP2, parafibromin acquires the ability to stably bind β-catenin. The parafibromin/β-catenin interaction overrides parafibromin/SUV39H1-mediated transrepression and induces expression of Wnt target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Hence, SHP2 governs the opposing functions of parafibromin, deregulation of which may cause the development of tumors or developmental malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Alvelos MI, Mendes M, Soares P. Molecular alterations in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:275802. [PMID: 22567348 PMCID: PMC3335633 DOI: 10.4061/2011/275802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a frequent endocrine disorder
characterized by an excessive autonomous production and release of
parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. This
endocrinopathy may result from the development of a benign lesion
(adenoma or hyperplasia) or from a carcinoma. Most of the PHPT cases
occur sporadically; however, approximately 10% of the patients
present a familial form of the disease. The molecular mechanisms
underlying the pathogenesis of sporadic PHPT are incompletely
understood, even though somatic alterations in MEN1
gene and CCND1 protein overexpression are frequently observed. The
MEN1 gene is mutated in about 30% of the
parathyroid tumours and the protooncogene CCND1 is
implicated in parathyroid neoplasia by rearrangements, leading to an
overexpression of CCND1 protein in parathyroid cells. The aim of this
work is to briefly update the molecular alterations underlying
sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Alvelos
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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37
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Kim HK, Oh YL, Kim SH, Lee DY, Kang HC, Lee JI, Jang HW, Hur KY, Kim JH, Min YK, Chung JH, Kim SW. Parafibromin immunohistochemical staining to differentiate parathyroid carcinoma from parathyroid adenoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:201-6. [PMID: 21717519 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the HRPT2 oncosuppressor gene, and the expression is reported to be decreased or absent in parathyroid carcinomas. METHODS A total of 26 tumor specimens from 18 patients with adenoma and 8 patients with carcinoma were immune-stained with an antibody against parafibromin. RESULTS Parafibromin immunostaining showed strong positivity in 17 of 18 adenomas. Negative staining was noted in 3 of 8 carcinomas, and weak positivity was found in 3 of 8 carcinomas. The remaining 2 cases of carcinoma showed strong positivity. The loss of parafibromin expression (negative or weak positivity) demonstrated 94.4% specificity in the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinomas. Relapses or distant metastases of carcinoma occurred only in cases in which there was a loss of parafibromin immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS Loss of parafibromin immunostating showed promising results in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma from adenoma and may also serve as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current knowledge pertaining to the etiology, molecular pathogenesis, and management of parathyroid carcinoma, a rare presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS The existing MEDLINE English-language literature was reviewed using the search terms "parathyroid" and "carcinoma" or "cancer." RESULTS Parathyroid cancer is a rare endocrine tumor accounting for a small proportion of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Recent database studies indicate increasing incidence rates. Its etiology is unknown, although numerous molecular alterations have been described, and the tumors also occur in association with germline mutations in the CDC73 gene. Most affected patients present with severe hypercalcemia; however, the diagnosis can be challenging. Complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment and provides the best chance of cure, although data from small series suggest that external beam radiation may also reduce the high recurrence rates. No effective chemotherapy regimens are currently available. A significant number of patients develop recurrent disease and need additional procedures; however, long-term survival is possible with palliative surgery. Medical management of chronic and debilitating hypercalcemia with calcimimetics is often necessary and is an important adjunct in patients with recurrent and metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS Further elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of parathyroid carcinomas will enhance our understanding of etiology and behavior of this uncommon entity. Future research must be directed at identifying more effective therapies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy H Fang
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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39
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Zheng HC, Wei ZL, Xu XY, Nie XC, Yang X, Takahashi H, Takano Y. Parafibromin expression is an independent prognostic factor for colorectal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1089-102. [PMID: 21315421 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parafibromin is a protein encoded by hyperparathyroidism 2, and its down-regulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis of parathyroid, breast, and gastric carcinomas. This study aimed to clarify the roles of parafibromin expression in tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal carcinomas. Parafibromin-expressing plasmid was transfected into DLD-1 cells with the phenotypes, and related molecules were examined. Parafibromin expression was examined in colorectal samples by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. It was found that parafibromin overexpression could cause G1 arrest and enhance differentiation of DLD-1 cells. There was a high expression of p21, p27, and cyclin E, but low expression of cyclin D1 messenger RNA, phospho-cdc2, and phospho-cdc25c proteins. Parafibromin could inhibit c-myc messenger RNA expression by binding to c-myc promoter. Expression levels of nuclear parafibromin and parafibromin messenger RNA were decreased from colorectal nonneoplastic mucosa and adenomas to carcinomas (P < .05). Immunohistochemically, parafibromin expression was inversely correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinicopathologic staging, and poor prognosis of carcinomas (P < .05). It was suggested that parafibromin overexpression might suppress cell cycle progression and promote differentiation of DLD-1 cells. Aberrant parafibromin expression possibly contributes to the pathogenesis, growth, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas and could be regarded as an independent factor to indicate a favorable prognosis for patients with colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-chuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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40
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Zhang JH, Panicker LM, Seigneur EM, Lin L, House CD, Morgan W, Chen WC, Mehta H, Haj-Ali M, Yu ZX, Simonds WF. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein is a conserved target of tumor suppressor HRPT2/CDC73. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1551-65. [PMID: 20339377 PMCID: PMC3109426 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parafibromin, a tumor suppressor protein encoded by HRPT2/CDC73 and implicated in parathyroid cancer and the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) familial cancer syndrome, is part of the PAF1 transcriptional regulatory complex. Parafibromin has been implicated in apoptosis and growth arrest, but the mechanism by which its loss of function promotes neoplasia is poorly understood. In this study we report that a hypomorphic allele of hyrax (hyx), the Drosophila homolog of HRPT2/CDC73, rescues the loss-of-ventral-eye phenotype of lobe (Akt1s1). Such rescue is consistent with previous reports that hyx/parafibromin is required for the nuclear transduction of Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signals and that Wg signaling antagonizes lobe function. A screen using double hyx/lobe heterozygotes identified an additional interaction with orb and orb2, the homologs of mammalian cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB), a translational regulatory protein. Hyx and orb2 heterozygotes lived longer and were more resistant to starvation than controls. In mammalian cells, knockdown of parafibromin expression reduced levels of CPEB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed occupancy of CPEB1 by endogenous parafibromin. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a significant overlap between human transcripts potentially regulated by parafibromin and CPEB. These results show that parafibromin may exert both transcriptional and, through CPEB, translational control over a subset of target genes and that loss of parafibromin (and CPEB) function may promote tumorigenesis in part by conferring resistance to nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Leelamma M. Panicker
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Erica M. Seigneur
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ling Lin
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carrie D. House
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wynne Morgan
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Weiping C. Chen
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Bldg. 8/ Rm 1A-11, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hina Mehta
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mayce Haj-Ali
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhu-Xi Yu
- Genetics & Development Biology Center, Bldg.14E/ Rm 107D, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William F. Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/ Rm 8C-101, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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41
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Panicker LM, Zhang JH, Dagur PK, Gastinger MJ, Simonds WF. Defective nucleolar localization and dominant interfering properties of a parafibromin L95P missense mutant causing the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010; 17:513-24. [PMID: 20304979 PMCID: PMC3098453 DOI: 10.1677/erc-09-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is a familial cancer syndrome that can result from germline inactivation of HRPT2/CDC73, a putative tumor suppressor gene that encodes parafibromin, a component of the transcriptional regulatory PAF1 complex with homology to the yeast protein Cdc73p. The vast majority of HRPT2/CDC73 germline mutations identified have been truncation or frameshift mutations, and loss of function due to missense mutation is rare. We report here a kindred with HPT-JT due to a germline L95P missense mutation in parafibromin. The mutant parafibromin was studied in vitro to understand the basis of its presumed loss-of-function. When transfected in cultured cells, the L95P mutant was expressed to a lower level than wild-type (wt) parafibromin, a difference that was not overcome by inhibition of the proteasomal degradation pathway. The L95P mutant parafibromin retained the ability to assemble with endogenous PAF1 complex components as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that the L95P mutant was markedly deficient in nucleolar localization compared to the wt, an impairment likely resulting from disruption of a putative nucleolar localization signal immediately upstream of the L95P mutation. Transfection of the L95P parafibromin mutant, but not the wt, enhanced cell cycle progression and increased cell survival in NIH-3T3 and HEK 293 cells, resulting apparently from dominant interference with endogenous parafibromin action. The simultaneous loss of nucleolar localization and acquisition of a growth stimulatory phenotype with the L95P mutation raise the possibility that parafibromin must interact with targets in the nucleolus to fully execute its tumor suppressor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelamma M Panicker
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 8C-101, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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42
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Givi B, Shah JP. Parathyroid carcinoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22:498-507. [PMID: 20510594 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy. The reported incidence is from 0.5 to 5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases in various series. The cause is unknown, but clinical correlations with different genetic syndromes exist. Mutations in the HPRT2 gene seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Men and women are equally affected, usually in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Most patients will present with signs and symptoms of hypercalcaemia. Cases of non-functioning carcinoma are exceedingly rare. Surgical resection is the most effective method of treatment and palliation. A significant proportion of patients will experience recurrence, and will need further surgical and, eventually, medical management of hypercalcaemia. The disease is progressive but slow growing. Most patients will require multiple operations to resect recurrent disease. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is the sequela of uncontrolled chronic hypercalcaemia rather than tumour burden. The current paper will review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up of this disease. Surgical management in different scenarios is reviewed in detail, followed by other types of treatment and management of incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Givi
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, 1275 York Ave, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
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43
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Farber LJ, Kort EJ, Wang P, Chen J, Teh BT. The tumor suppressor parafibromin is required for posttranscriptional processing of histone mRNA. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:215-23. [PMID: 19908240 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parafibromin, encoded by the gene HRPT2, is a tumor suppressor protein associated with the RNA polymerase II-associated complex, Paf1 complex. HRPT2 mutations were first identified in patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, and have also been found in sporadic parathyroid and renal tumors. However, the mechanisms by which parafibromin suppresses tumor formation remain unknown. In this study, we identify a novel role of parafibromin in the regulation of replication-dependent histones. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses reveal a posttranscriptional role of parafibromin in histone mRNA processing. Downregulation of parafibromin through RNA interference or in vivo mutations lead to uncleaved histone mRNA with polyadenylated tails. These results indicate that parafibromin regulates the 3' processing of histone RNA, an essential component of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Farber
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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44
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Newey PJ, Bowl MR, Cranston T, Thakker RV. Cell division cycle protein 73 homolog (CDC73) mutations in the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) and parathyroid tumors. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:295-307. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Juhlin CC, Höög A. Parafibromin as a diagnostic instrument for parathyroid carcinoma-lone ranger or part of the posse? Int J Endocrinol 2010; 2010:324964. [PMID: 21197463 PMCID: PMC3005812 DOI: 10.1155/2010/324964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma requires an invasive growth pattern or metastases detected at histopathological examination; unfortunately, not all carcinomas exhibit visible malignant properties at the initial assessment. Therefore, immunohistochemical markers have been sought for the recognition of parathyroid malignancy. In 2003, the Hyperparathyroidism 2 (HRPT2) gene was found mutated in the majority of sporadic parathyroid carcinomas investigated, and studies regarding the protein product parafibromin proposed loss of nuclear parafibromin as a highly sensitive marker for the detection of parathyroid carcinoma. Recent studies have not fully reproduced these findings, as subsets of carcinomas display positive parafibromin immunoreactivity, and fractions of adenomas demonstrate absent expression. Overall, parafibromin is a marker of value to the endocrine pathologist, but it cannot be recommended as a sole indicator of parathyroid carcinoma. Additional markers such as protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) could complement parafibromin when assessing malignant potential of parathyroid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- *C. Christofer Juhlin:
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Yang YJ, Han JW, Youn HD, Cho EJ. The tumor suppressor, parafibromin, mediates histone H3 K9 methylation for cyclin D1 repression. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:382-90. [PMID: 19906718 PMCID: PMC2811029 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parafibromin, a component of the RNA polymerase II-associated PAF1 complex, is a tumor suppressor linked to hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome and sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. Parafibromin induces cell cycle arrest by repressing cyclin D1 via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that parafibromin interacts with the histone methyltransferase, SUV39H1, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. The central region (128–227 amino acids) of parafibromin is important for both the interaction with SUV39H1 and transcriptional repression. Parafibromin associated with the promoter and coding regions of cyclin D1 and was required for the recruitment of SUV39H1 and the induction of H3 K9 methylation but not H3 K4 methylation. RNA interference analysis showed that SUV39H1 was critical for cyclin D1 repression. These data suggest that parafibromin plays an unexpected role as a repressor in addition to its widely known activity associated with transcriptional activation. Parafibromin as a part of the PAF1 complex might downregulate cyclin D1 expression by integrating repressive H3 K9 methylation during transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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47
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Abstract
Parafibromin is a predominantly nuclear protein with a tumour suppressor role in the development of hereditary and nonhereditary parathyroid carcinomas, and the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, which is associated with renal and uterine tumours. Parafibromin is a component of the highly conserved PAF1 complex, which regulates transcriptional events and histone modifications. The parafibromin/PAF1 complex regulates genes involved in cell growth and survival, and via these, parafibromin plays a pivotal role in embryonic development and survival of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Newey
- The Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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48
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49
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The parafibromin tumor suppressor protein inhibits cell proliferation by repression of the c-myc proto-oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:17420-5. [PMID: 18987311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710725105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parafibromin is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by HRPT2, a gene recently implicated in the hereditary hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, parathyroid cancer, and a subset of kindreds with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. Human parafibromin binds to RNA polymerase II as part of a PAF1 transcriptional regulatory complex. The physiologic targets of parafibromin and the mechanism by which its loss of function can lead to neoplastic transformation are poorly understood. We show here that RNA interference with the expression of parafibromin or Paf1 stimulates cell proliferation and increases levels of the c-myc proto-oncogene product, a DNA-binding protein and established regulator of cell growth. This effect results from both c-myc protein stabilization and activation of the c-myc promoter, without alleviation of the c-myc transcriptional pause. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates the occupancy of the c-myc promoter by parafibromin and other PAF1 complex subunits in native cells. Knockdown of c-myc blocks the proliferative effect of RNA interference with parafibromin or Paf1 expression. These experiments provide a previously uncharacterized mechanism for the anti-proliferative action of the parafibromin tumor suppressor protein resulting from PAF1 complex-mediated inhibition of the c-myc proto-oncogene.
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50
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Deb S, Ponnusamy MP, Senapati S, Dey P, Batra SK. Human PAF complexes in endocrine tumors and pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2008; 3:557-565. [PMID: 30290411 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.5.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human RNA polymerase II-associated factor (hPAF) complex is comprised of five subunits that include hPaf1, parafibromin, hLeo1, hCtr9 and hSki8. This multifaceted complex was first identified in yeast (yPAF) and subsequently in Drosophila and humans. Recent advances in the study on hPAF have revealed various functions of the complex in humans that are similar to yPAF, including efficient transcription elongation, mRNA quality control and cell cycle regulation. A major component of the hPAF complex, hPaf1, is amplified and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The parafibromin subunit of the hPAF complex is a product of the hereditary hyperparathyroidism type 2 (HRPT-2) tumor-suppressor gene, which is mutated in the germ line of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor patients. This review evaluates the role of the hPAF complex and its individual subunits in endocrine and pancreatic cancers. It focuses on the functions of the hPAF complex and its individual subunits and dysregulation of the complex, thus providing an insight into its potential involvement in the development of endocrine cancers and other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonali Deb
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parama Dey
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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