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Zhao L, Cui L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Zhu M, Jia J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhang D, Huang Y. Extracellular pH regulates autophagy via the AMPK-ULK1 pathway in rat cardiomyocytes. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3202-12. [PMID: 27531309 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological conditions contribute to pH fluctuations and affect the functions of vital organs such as the heart. In this study, we show that in rat cardiomyocytes, acidic extracellular pH (pHe) inhibits autophagy, whereas alkaline pHe stimulates it. We also find that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) are very sensitive to pHe changes. Furthermore, by interfering with AMPK, mTOR or ULK1 activity, we demonstrate that the AMPK-ULK1 pathway, but not the mTOR pathway, plays a crucial role on pHe-regulated autophagy and cardiomyocyte viability. These data provide a potential therapeutic strategy against cardiomyocyte injury triggered by pH fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
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