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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Kumar A, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Parashar NC, Saini AK, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Kumar M, Singh T, Kaur J, Sak K. Anticancer potential of oroxylin A: from mechanistic insight to synergistic perspectives. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:191-212. [PMID: 36214865 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin A (OA), a well-known constituent of the root of Scutellariae plants, has been used in ethnomedicine already for centuries in treating various neoplastic disorders. However, only recent molecular studies have revealed the different mechanisms behind its action, demonstrating antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and proapoptotic effects, restricting also the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. A variety of cellular targets and modulated signal transduction pathways regulated by OA have been determined in diverse cells derived from different malignant tissues. In this review article, these anticancer activities are thoroughly described, representing OA as a potential lead structure for the design of novel more potent anticancer medicines. In addition, co-effects of this natural compound with conventional anticancer agents are analyzed and the advantages provided by nanotechnological methods for more efficient application of OA are discussed. In this way, OA might represent an excellent example of using ethnopharmacological knowledge for designing modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar , 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala 134007, Haryana, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Girisa S, Devanarayanan TN, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sil SK, Sethi G, Chen JT, Kunnumakkara AB. Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091185. [PMID: 36139025 PMCID: PMC9496116 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing several disastrous and fatal diseases. Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid obtained from the plants Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis, and S. lateriflora, which have distinctive pharmacological properties. OA modulates the important signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, TGF-ꞵ, MMPs, VEGF, interleukins, Bcl-2, caspases, HIF-1α, EMT proteins, Nrf-2, etc., which play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanism of chronic diseases. Overwhelming pieces of evidence expound on the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer potentials of this flavonoid, which makes it an engrossing compound for research. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies also displayed the promising potential of OA against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. Therefore, the current review focuses on delineating the role of OA in combating different chronic diseases and highlighting the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Thulasidharan Nair Devanarayanan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Center, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
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Pathak K, Pathak MP, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Sahariah JJ, Zothantluanga JH, Samanta A, Das A. Cancer Chemotherapy via Natural Bioactive Compounds. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e310322202888. [PMID: 35362385 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220331095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally which skyrocketed the necessity to discover new/novel safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human which is unable to control. Scientific research is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article. METHODS With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based remedy including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin,andbruceantin. RESULTS Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin,and halichondrin) isolated from marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates. They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and used chemotherapy.Drug induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However, a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jon Jyoti Sahariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
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Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha C, Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1854-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic medicine Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Bradenton Florida USA
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
- DBT‐AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research Indian Institute of Technology‐Guwahati Guwahati India
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The effects of low-dose 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on apoptosis and survival in human dental pulp cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:1332-1339. [PMID: 33341348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is one of the most major components in dentin bonding systems. Uncured HEMA is eluted through the dentin and harmful to pulp cells. The study aimed to investigate the death pattern, morphological change and factors of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with low-dose HEMA. METHODS HDPCs were cultured with low-dose concentration of HEMA at 0 mM (control), 0.125 mM, 0.25 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM on Day 3 and 5. The cell morphology was observed with F-actin immunocytochemical staining. The flow cytometry was used to analyze the death pattern. NF-κB and Trx-1 were measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS The major death pattern was early apoptosis and late apoptosis. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were observed clearly at 4 mM on Day 3 and Day 5. The phosphorylated NF-κB normalized to total NF-κB protein was significantly higher at 2 mM and 4 mM on Day 5. There was no difference of Trx-1 on Day 3, but significantly higher at 0.25 mM and 1 mM on Day 5. The trend line of phosphorylated NF-κB and Trx-1 showed highly positive correlations with HEMA concentration. CONCLUSION The significant cellular morphology characteristics of apoptosis can be observed at higher dose and longer period after exposed to uncured HEMA. The expression of NF-κB was following the ratio of late apoptosis at longer exposure period. Clinically, the remaining dentin thickness should be enough to decrease HEMA concentration and thus to protect pulp cells free from harm.
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Liang Y, He L, Zhang M, Liu X, Jin G, Jin Y, Ma M. Preserved egg digests promote the apoptosis of HT29 and HepG2 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Piscidin, Fish Antimicrobial Peptide: Structure, Classification, Properties, Mechanism, Gene Regulation and Therapeutical Importance. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu X, Hu P, Li H, Yu XX, Wang XY, Qing YJ, Wang ZY, Wang HZ, Zhu MY, Guo QL, Hui H. LW-213, a newly synthesized flavonoid, induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:249-259. [PMID: 31316178 PMCID: PMC7468447 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of moderately and well differentiated cells of the granulocytic lineage. LW-213, a newly synthesized flavonoid compound, was found to exert antitumor effects against breast cancer through inducing G2/M phase arrest. We investigated whether LW-213 exerted anti-CML effects and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that LW-213 inhibited the growth of human CML cell lines K562 and imatinid-resistant K562 (K562r) in dose- and time-dependent manners with IC50 values at the low μmol/L levels. LW-213 (5, 10, 15 μM) caused G2/M phase arrest of K562 and K562r cells via reducing the activity of G2/M phase transition-related proteins Cyclin B1/CDC2 complex. LW-213 treatment induced apoptosis of K562 and K562r cells via inhibiting the expression of CDK9 through lysosome degradation, thus leading to the suppression of RNAPII phosphorylation, down-regulation of a short-lived anti-apoptic protein MCL-1. The lysosome inhibitor, NH4Cl, could reverse the anti-CML effects of LW-213 including CDK9 degradation and apoptosis. LW-213 treatment also degraded the downstream proteins of BCR-ABL1, such as oncoproteins AKT, STAT3/5 in CML cells, which was blocked by NH4Cl. In primary CML cells and CD34+ stem cells, LW-213 maintained its pro-apoptotic activity. In a K562 cells-bearing mice model, administration of LW-213 (2.5, 5.0 mg/kg, ip, every other day for 4 weeks) dose-dependently prolonged the survival duration, and significantly suppressed huCD45+ cell infiltration and expression of MCL-1 in spleens. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LW-213 may be an efficient agent for CML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Flavonoids/administration & dosage
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Po Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying-Jie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Oroxylin A Suppresses the Cell Proliferation, Migration, and EMT via NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9241769. [PMID: 31341911 PMCID: PMC6612400 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9241769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is a natural extract and has been reported to have a remarkable anticancer function. However, the mechanism of its anticancer activity remains not quite clear. In this study, we examined the inhibiting effects of Oroxylin A on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible molecular mechanism. The cytoactive and inflammatory factors were analyzed via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and ELISA assay, respectively. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to assess the cell proliferation. In addition, a wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration. qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to determine the effect of Oroxylin A on the EMT formation. Moreover, expression level of protein related to NF-κB signaling pathway was determined by western blot. The results revealed that Oroxylin A attenuated the cytoactivity of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Moreover, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells were inhibited by Oroxylin A compared to the control. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin were remarkably increased while N-cadherin and Vimentin remarkably decreased. Besides, Oroxylin A suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we also found that supplement of TNF-α reversed the effects of Oroxylin A on the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggested that Oroxylin A inhibited the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT through inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. These findings strongly suggest that Oroxylin A could be a therapeutic potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Zhang Z, Ma G, Xue C, Sun H, Wang Z, Xiang X, Cai W. Establishment of rat liver microsome-hydrogel system for in vitro phase II metabolism and its application to study pharmacological effects of UGT substrates. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:141-147. [PMID: 30744936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the efficacy evaluation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) substrates often ignore the existence of active metabolites. However, the present study aims to establish an in-vitro Phase II metabolism system to predict their pharmacological effects after metabolism. Rat liver microsomes (RLMs) encapsulated in a F127'-Acr-Bis (FAB) hydrogel were placed in the incubation system. Baicalein (BA) was chosen as a model drug and the metabolic activity was investigated by quantitating the metabolite Baicalin (BG). The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the cell viability in Traditional cell culture system (TCCS) and Microsome-hydrogel added to cell culture system for Phase II metabolism (MHCCS-II). Finally, MHCCS-II was applied to predict the metabolic effects of Oroxylin A (OA) and Wogonin (W). Compared to TCCS group, for HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, BA in MHCCS-II led to lower survival ratios of cells (P < 0.05), while for PC12 cells it led to higher survival ratios of cells (P < 0.01). For HepG2 cells, OA and W showed obviously enhanced tumor inhibition after metabolism with the IC50 of 32.7 ± 2.9 μM and 76.1 ± 5.1 μM, respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the MHCCS-II could be a useful tool for studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of UGTs substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caifu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weimin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Wang F, Jia Y, Li M, Wang L, Shao J, Guo Q, Tan S, Ding H, Chen A, Zhang F, Zheng S. Blockade of glycolysis-dependent contraction by oroxylin a via inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase-a in hepatic stellate cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:11. [PMID: 30744642 PMCID: PMC6371416 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contraction of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis by regulating sinusoidal blood flow and extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, we investigated how HSC contraction was affected by the natural compound oroxylin A, and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Methods Cell contraction and glycolysis were examined in cultured human HSCs and mouse liver fibrosis model upon oroxylin A intervention using diversified cellular and molecular assays, as well as genetic approaches. Results Oroxylin A limited HSC contraction associated with inhibiting myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation. Oroxylin A blocked aerobic glycolysis in HSCs evidenced by reduction in glucose uptake and consumption and lactate production. Oroxylin A also decreased extracellular acidification rate and inhibited the expression and activity of glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes (hexose kinase 2, phosphofructokinase 1 and pyruvate kinas type M2) in HSCs. Then, we identified that oroxylin A blockade of aerobic glycolysis contributed to inhibition of HSC contraction. Furthermore, oroxylin A inhibited the expression and activity of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) in HSCs, which was required for oroxylin A blockade of glycolysis and suppression of contraction. Oral administration of oroxylin A at 40 mg/kg reduced liver injury and fibrosis, and inhibited HSC glycolysis and contraction in mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. However, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of LDH-A significantly counteracted the oroxylin A’s effects in fibrotic mice. Conclusions Blockade of aerobic glycolysis by oroxylin A via inhibition of LDH-A reduced HSC contraction and attenuated liver fibrosis, suggesting LDH-A as a promising target for intervention of hepatic fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0324-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Hai Ding
- The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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13
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Ma C, Wen B, Zhang Q, Shao P, Gu W, Qu K, Shi Y, Wang B. Polydatin Regulates the Apoptosis and Autophagy of Fibroblasts Obtained from Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:50-56. [PMID: 30333377 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) occurs due to excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. Polydatin, a monomeric compound isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of polydatin on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of fibroblasts obtained from patients with AS remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of polydatin on symptoms associated with AS. Multiple cellular and molecular biology experiments were performed in the present study, such as cell viability assay, Western blotting, flow cytometry, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and immunofluorescence assays. In the present study, the results revealed that polydatin induced the apoptosis of fibroblasts isolated from patients with AS by upregulating the expression of active caspase-3 and Bax, and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, polydatin was revealed to enhance the autophagy of fibroblasts by increasing the expression levels of LC3II, Beclin 1 and Atg5. The results of MDC and immunofluorescence assays further demonstrated that polydatin significantly induced the formation of autophagosomes in fibroblasts. Furthermore, polydatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy were markedly inhibited following treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that polydatin induces the apoptosis and autophagy of fibroblasts obtained from patients suffering from AS, and that polydatin may represent a therapeutic agent for the future treatment of patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Peipei Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University
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14
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Gao G, Bian Y, Qian H, Yang M, Hu J, Li L, Yu L, Liu B, Qian X. Gambogic acid regulates the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer via microRNA-21-mediated activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1758-1765. [PMID: 30186399 PMCID: PMC6122420 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration and enhance apoptosis. Several signaling pathways were identified to be involved in GA function, including PI3K/Akt, caspase-3 apoptosis and TNF-α/NF-κB. However, to the best of our knowledge, the association between miRNA and GA has not been explored. The present study initially demonstrated that GA could inhibit HT-29 cancer cell proliferation using an MTT assay. In addition, a Transwell assay and a wound-healing assay respectively indicated that GA inhibited HT-29 cancer cell invasion and migration, which was also confirmed by the increased MMP-9 protein expression. Furthermore, GA induced the apoptosis of HT-29 cancer cells in an Annexin V and PI double staining assay. Moreover, treatment with GA significantly decreased miR-21 expression in these cells. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that GA treatment enhanced the activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) along with the suppression of PI3K and p-Akt. Furthermore, miR-21 mimics reversed all the aforementioned activities of GA, which indicated that miR-21 was the effector of GA and blocked PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via enhancing PTEN activity. In summary, GA induced HT-29 cancer cell apoptosis via decreasing miR-21 expression and blocking PI3K/Akt, which may be a useful novel insight for future CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Gao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhu Bian
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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15
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Magrì A, Reina S, De Pinto V. VDAC1 as Pharmacological Target in Cancer and Neurodegeneration: Focus on Its Role in Apoptosis. Front Chem 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 29682501 PMCID: PMC5897536 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegeneration are different classes of diseases that share the involvement of mitochondria in their pathogenesis. Whereas the high glycolytic rate (the so-called Warburg metabolism) and the suppression of apoptosis are key elements for the establishment and maintenance of cancer cells, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased cell death mark neurodegeneration. As a main actor in the regulation of cell metabolism and apoptosis, VDAC may represent the common point between these two broad families of pathologies. Located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC forms channels that control the flux of ions and metabolites across the mitochondrion thus mediating the organelle's cross-talk with the rest of the cell. Furthermore, the interaction with both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors makes VDAC a gatekeeper for mitochondria-mediated cell death and survival signaling pathways. Unfortunately, the lack of an evident druggability of this protein, since it has no defined binding or active sites, makes the quest for VDAC interacting molecules a difficult tale. Pharmacologically active molecules of different classes have been proposed to hit cancer and neurodegeneration. In this work, we provide an exhaustive and detailed survey of all the molecules, peptides, and microRNAs that exploit VDAC in the treatment of the two examined classes of pathologies. The mechanism of action and the potential or effectiveness of each compound are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magrì
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Reina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
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16
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Jin H, Lian N, Bian M, Zhang C, Chen X, Shao J, Wu L, Chen A, Guo Q, Zhang F, Zheng S. Oroxylin A inhibits ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence via YAP pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12431. [PMID: 29318697 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-hepatic injury effects. However, the effects of oroxylin A on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of oroxylin A on ALD and the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ICR mice and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 were used. Yes-associated protein (YAP) overexpression and knockdown were achieved using plasmid and siRNA technique. Cellular senescence was assessed by analyses of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), senescence marker p16, p21, Hmga1, cell cycle and telomerase activity. RESULTS Oroxylin A alleviated ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by suppressing activities of supernatant marker enzymes. We found that oroxylin A inhibited ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence by decreasing the number of SA-β-gal-positive LO2 cells and reducing the expression of senescence markers p16, p21 and Hmga1 in vitro. Moreover, oroxylin A affected the cell cycle and telomerase activity. Of importance, we revealed that YAP pharmacological inhibitor verteporfin or YAP siRNA eliminated the effect of oroxylin A on ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence in vitro, and this was further supported by the evidence in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION Therefore, these aggregated data suggested that oroxylin A relieved alcoholic liver injury possibly by inhibiting the senescence of hepatocyte, which was dependent on its activation of YAP in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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17
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Wei L, Dai Y, Zhou Y, He Z, Yao J, Zhao L, Guo Q, Yang L. Oroxylin A activates PKM1/HNF4 alpha to induce hepatoma differentiation and block cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2944. [PMID: 28726775 PMCID: PMC5550876 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second cause of death from cancer worldwide, without effective treatment. Traditional chemotherapy for liver cancer has big side effects for patients, whereas targeted drugs, such as sorafenib, commonly have drug resistance. Oroxylin A (OA) is the main bioactive flavonoids of Scutellariae radix, which has strong anti-hepatoma effect but low toxicity to normal tissue. To date, no differentiation-inducing agents have been reported to exert a curative effect on solid tumors. Here our results demonstrated that OA restrained the proliferation and induced differentiation of hepatoma both in vitro and in vivo, via inducing a high PKM1 (pyruvate kinase M1)/PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2) ratio. In addition, inhibited expression of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein by OA was in charge of the decrease of PKM2 and increase of PKM1. Further studies demonstrated that increased PKM1 translocated into the nucleus and bound with HNF-4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha) directly, promoting the transcription of HNF-4α-targeted genes. This work suggested that OA increased PKM1/PKM2 ratio, resulting in HNF-4α activation and hepatoma differentiation. Especially, OA showed reliable anticancer effect on both human primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and patient-derived tumor xenograft model for hepatoma, and slowed down the development of primary hepatoma, suggesting that OA could be developed into a novel differentiation inducer agent for hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Gupta S, Gupta MK. Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2017; 8:1335567. [PMID: 30410707 PMCID: PMC6167030 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2017.1335567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the largest cancer killer among women in most developing countries including India. Although, various drugs have been developed for cervical cancer, treatment with these drugs often results in a number of undesirable side effects, toxicity and multidrug resistance (MDR). Also, the outcomes for cervical cancer patients remain poor after surgery and chemo radiation. Methods: A literature search (for drugs and delivery systems against cervical cancer) was performed on PubMed and through Google. The present review discuss about various methods including its current conventional treatment with special reference to recent advances in delivery systems encapsulating various anticancer drugs and natural plant products for targeting towards cervical cancer. The role of photothermal therapy, gene therapy and radiation therapy against cervical cancer is also discussed. Results: Systemic/targeted drug delivery systems including liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, dendrimers etc. and localized drug delivery systems like cervical patches, films, rings etc. are safer than the conventional chemotherapy which has further been proved by the several drug delivery systems undergoing clinical trials. Conclusion: Novel approaches for the aggressive treatment of cervical cancer will optimistically result in decreased side effects as well as toxicity, frequency of administration of existing drugs, to overcome MDR and to increase the survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- B. S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Pt B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Faridabad, India
| | - Manish K. Gupta
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
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19
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Chassagne F, Deharo E, Punley H, Bourdy G. Treatment and management of liver diseases by Khmer traditional healers practicing in Phnom Penh area, Cambodia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:38-53. [PMID: 28284791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver disorders are a major health problem in Cambodia, where some patients prefer to seek treatment from traditional healers. The aim of the study was to document the knowledge and practices of these healers in four Southern Cambodian provinces. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out from September 2015 to January 2016 in Cambodian urban and rural areas. Thirty-three Khmer traditional healers (KTH) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic data, healer's formation and their professional practice conditions, perception of liver diseases (types and causes of liver disorders, diagnostic methods and symptoms of liver problems), dietary recommendations given to patients, and herbal remedies used to treat them. For each medicinal plant mentioned in herbal remedies, the local name, part of the plant, mode of preparation and administration, and their properties, according to the healers, were recorded. The plants mentioned by the traditional therapists were collected and later identified by specialists. RESULTS Different types of liver disease are identified by the healers, and diagnosis was mostly based on reading medical records, and by observing the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. A total of 42 herbal remedies including 83 medicinal plants belonging to 40 families were mentioned for treating liver disorders. The most predominant families were Leguminosae and Poaceae. Among the plants reported, Cananga latifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Smilax aff. glabra, Gomphrena celosioides, Passiflora foetida and Physalis minima were the most cited species. A large part of the herbal remedies used were multi-ingredient recipes, and were prepared mainly by a decoction administered orally. Plants are combined in multi-ingredient recipes, and selected on the basis of their properties (trocheak, psah, somrap mé rok, ktchol) which originate from Khmer medical concepts. Most of the plants used by healers have a wide ethnobotanical use for liver disorders, and have been studied for their hepatoprotective activity and related activities on the liver. CONCLUSION In the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases, KTH have incorporated biomedical concepts and new practices, which suggest that they could be defined as neotraditional healers. Medicinal plants constitute the core of traditional medicine practice by these healers, and these plants play a very important role in the health care of people with liver problems in Cambodia. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the integration of healers in national health care programs for the development of combined therapies. Furthermore, two plant species (i.e. Cananga latifolia and Willughbeia edulis) were found to be widely used for treating liver disorders in our survey, and should be studied for their pharmacological potential for liver problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
| | - Hieng Punley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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20
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Lu L, Guo Q, Zhao L. Overview of Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid Compound. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1765-1774. [PMID: 27539056 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is one of the main active components extracted from Scutellariae radix. It has been proved that oroxylin A possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, antiinflammation, neuroprotective, anti-coagulation and so on. The pharmacological activity of oroxylin A has been studied in vitro and on animal models, which reflected its promising potency in disease treatment. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological function and the molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A, as well as its sources, extraction, synthesis and toxicity study. These data confirmed the therapeutic potential of oroxylin A and provided reference for further development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang C, Jia X, Bao J, Chen S, Wang K, Zhang Y, Li P, Wan JB, Su H, Wang Y, Mei Z, He C. Polyphyllin VII induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:58. [PMID: 26861252 PMCID: PMC4746894 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Paris polyphylla is an oriental folk medicine that has anticancer activities both in vivo and in vitro. Polyphyllin VII (PP7), a pennogenyl saponin from P. polyphylla has been found to exert strong anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the anticancer effect of polyphyllin VII against human liver cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. Methods Cellular viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential levels were evaluated using the InCell 2000 confocal microscope. The expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Results PP7 strongly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, PP7 up-regulated the levels of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome c, the cleaved forms of caspases-3, -8, -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that PP7 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, PP7 provoked the production of intracellular ROS and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further analysis showed that PP7 significantly augmented the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38, the major components of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and the expressions of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and PTEN. In addition, PP7-induced apoptosis was remarkably attenuated by MAPK inhibitors and ROS inhibitor. Conclusions These results demonstrated that PP7 induced apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by promoting the generation of mitochondrial-mediated ROS and activating MAPK and PTEN/p53 pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1036-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wei L, Yao Y, Zhao K, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Guo Q, Lu N. Oroxylin A inhibits invasion and migration through suppressing ERK/GSK-3β signaling in snail-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2121-2134. [PMID: 26741501 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Snail is closely linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, and recurrence and indicates prognosis of patients suffering from cancer. Overexpression of Snail increases motility and invasiveness of cancer cells, which has become target for anti-metastatic treatment. Oroxylin A, a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria radix, has been reported to inhibit invasion and migration in breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-invasive effect of oroxylin A on lung cells and uncovered its underlying mechanism. The results suggested that oroxylin A could inhibit migration and invasion in Snail-expressing 95-D, and A549 cells whereas it had little effect on non-expressing GLC-82 cells. Furthermore, enhanced Snail expression after transfection of Snail vector in GLC-82 cells is decreased by oroxylin A. Snail can also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We found oroxylin A could reverse TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting Snail expression. As a result, oroxylin A up-regulated E-cadherin expression and down-regulated vimentin, MMP-9, and CD44v6 expression, which could lead to the inhibition of tumor migration and invasion. Mechanically, we demonstrated that oroxylin A suppressed activation of ERK instead of AKT pathway and then promoted activation of GSK-3β to reduce Snail protein content. Finally, we established transplanted, metastatic, and orthotopic models of A549 cells, and found that oroxylin A inhibited the growth and lung metastasis of A549 cells in vivo. Taken together, we proposed that oroxylin A might be a promising candidate targeting tumor metastasis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
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Wang X, Wang N, Cheung F, Lao L, Li C, Feng Y. Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma: current progress on pharmacological actions and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:142-64. [PMID: 26006028 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of leading causes of death in the world. Although various treatments have been developed, the therapeutic side effects are far from desirable. Chinese medicines (CMs, including plants, animal parts and minerals) have drawn a great deal of attention in recent years for their potential in the treatment of HCC. Most studies have shown that CMs may be able to retard HCC progression with multiple actions, either alone or in combination with other conventional therapies to improve quality of life in HCC patients. Additionally, CMs are used for preventing HCC occurrence. The aim of this study is to review the potential prophylactic and curative effects of CMs on human HCC and the possible mechanisms that underlie these pharmacological actions. Publications were collected and reviewed from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2014. Keywords for literature searches include "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herb", "traditional Chinese Medicine", "hepatocellular carcinoma" and "liver cancer". CMs in forms of pure compounds, isolated fractions, and composite formulas are included. Combination therapies are also considered. Both in vitro and in vivo efficacies of CMs are being discussed and the translational potential to bedside is to be discussed with clinical cases, which show the actions of CMs on HCC may include tumor growth inhibition, antimetastatic activities, anti-inflammation, anti-liver cancer stem cells, reversal on multi-drug resistance and induction/reduction of oxidative stress. Multiple types of molecules are found to contribute in the above actions. The review paper indicated that CMs might have potential to both prevent HCC occurrence and retard HCC progression with several molecular targets involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlie Li
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Dinda B, SilSarma I, Dinda M, Rudrapaul P. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:255-78. [PMID: 25543018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oroxylum indicum\ (L.) Kurz has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Asia in ethnomedicinal systems for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as jaundice, arthritic and rheumatic problems, gastric ulcers, tumors, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and diarrhea and dysentery, among others. The present review provides scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potency of the plant for ethnomedicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial exploitation. METHODS This review is based on available information on traditional uses and phytochemical, pharmacological, clinical and toxicity data for Oroxylum indicum that was collected from electronic (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, and ACS, among others) and library searches. KEY FINDING A variety of traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum in different Southeast and South Asian countries have been reported in books describing the uses of these plants. Phytochemical investigations of the different parts of the plant resulted in identification of approximately 111 compounds, among which flavonoids, naphthalenoids and cyclohexylethanoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and their isolates exhibit a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities involving antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anticancer, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids are the major constituents of all parts of the plant. From a toxicity perspective, only aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark, root bark and fruits have been assessed and found to be safe. The major flavonoids of the stem bark, such as baicalein, chrysin and oroxylin A, were reported for the first time as natural flavonoids with potent inhibitory activity against endoprotease enzymes and proprotein convertases, which play a key role in the growth of cancer and in viral and bacterial infections. Flavonoids are the active components of bioactive extracts. Several Ayurvedic medicines have been formulated either singly using this plant or along with other herbs for the treatment of different diseases. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological results have supported some traditional medicinal uses of Oroxylum indicum. Several extracts and their isolates have been reported to exhibit interesting pharmacological properties. These components could be useful as sources of modern medicines following future detailed studies to elucidate their underlying mechanisms, toxicity, synergistic effects and clinical trials. Attention should also be focused on pharmacological studies investigating the traditional uses of the plant, which have not been yet addressed, as well as clinical studies investigating commercial Ayurvedic medicines and other ethnomedicinal preparations in human subjects based on this plant to confirm the safety and quality of the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India.
| | - I SilSarma
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India
| | - M Dinda
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - P Rudrapaul
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India
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Zhang J, Park HS, Kim JA, Hong GE, Nagappan A, Park KI, Kim GS. Flavonoids identified from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis induce apoptosis by ROS generation and caspase activation on human fibrosarcoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:465-83. [PMID: 24707875 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of flavonoids from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis on fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells and their underlying molecular mechanism were investigated in this study. Flavonoids affected HT1080 cell proliferation by interrupting cell cycle progress, obviously augmenting the proportion of sub-G1 and diminishing that of G1 phase, and undergoing apoptosis at the tested dosage (100-400 μg/mL). In addition, the mediated apoptosis was mainly caused by total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and by up-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xL, triggering caspase cascades (caspase-3, -9 and -8), and inactivating PARP, dose-dependently. The proteomics results showed that AP-4, ARID 5B, HNRNP K, PLOG, Prdx6, and myosin-1, associated with cell growth, differentiation and development, and overexpressed in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc., were statistically down-regulated after the flavonoids treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrated that flavonoids from Korean S. baicalensis induced apoptosis in HT1080 cells, which involved a hierarchy of cellular pathways and multiple signal proteins, and might be a potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
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Zou M, Hu C, You Q, Zhang A, Wang X, Guo Q. Oroxylin A induces autophagy in human malignant glioma cells via the mTOR-STAT3-Notch signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1363-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Chen Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
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Xu J, Zhao M, Qian D, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Duan JA, Du L. Comparative metabolism of Radix scutellariae extract by intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:368-374. [PMID: 24632019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for several thousand years. TCM has played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of disease, especially the complicated and chronic ones. In TCMs, many ingredients which are known to have biological effects just pass through the gut, they do not get into the bloodstream. Study on interactions of these active ingredients with the intestinal bacteria is very helpful to unravel how TCM works. Radix scutellariae was widely used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for a long time in China even in Asia. Additionally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is closely related to the changes of intestinal flora. In this paper, the metabolism of baicalin in Radix scutellariae extract by normal and type 2 diabetic mice intestinal bacteria were firstly investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS) technique combined with Metabolynx(TM) software was used for analysis of the metabolic profile of baicalin in Radix scutellariae extracts by the intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice. RESULTS The amount of baicalin׳s aglycone (baicalein) in type 2 diabetic mice samples were remarkably more than that in normal mice samples and oroxylin A only existed in type 2 diabetic mice samples. Intestinal bacteria produced not only a small amount of baicalein, but also some conjugates such as hydrogenated baicalin and methylated baicalin. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that β-d-glucuronidases contributed to the deglycosylation prior to absorption. Intestinal bacteria from pathological state mice produced more baicalein, which was well absorbed contributing to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the pharmacological effects of oroxylin A were associated with type 2 diabetes. Hence, the production of metabolites of baicalin might influence the effects of traditional medicines. Thus the study on the metabolism of baicalin by intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice was of great importance to understanding the effects of traditional medicines. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach with MetaboLynx for quite rapid, simple, reliable and automated identification of metabolites of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Al-Suhaimi E. Molecular mechanisms of leptin and pro-apoptotic signals induced by menadione in HepG2 cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:582-8. [PMID: 25473367 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a significant physiological function in the cell. P(53) is known as tumor suppressor cellular factor, executive caspases are also the most involved pathway for apoptosis. Menadione (VK3) has apoptotic action on many harmful cells, but the molecular role of adipokines is not studied enough in this regard, so the ability of menadione to modify the adipokine (leptin hormone), caspase-3 and P(53) signals to induce its apoptotic action on HepG2 cells was studied. The study revealed that menadione has anti-viability and apoptotic effect at sub-G1 phase of HepG2 cell cycle. Its cytotoxic effect is mediated by molecular mechanisms included: inhibiting leptin expression and level, activating caspase-3 pathway and up-regulating the expression of P(53). Menadione exerts its apoptotic mechanisms in a concentration and time dependent way through ROS generation. In addition to the known apoptotic pathways, the results indicate that suppressing leptin pathway is a significant mechanism for menadione apoptotic effect which made it as a potential therapeutic vitamin in preventing hepatocyte survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar P, Senthamilselvi S, Govindaraju M, Sankar R. Unraveling the caspase-mediated mechanism for phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the study is to decipher the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Munisamy Govindaraju
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Renu Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli, India
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Zhou J, Qi Y, Diao Q, Wu L, Du X, Li Y, Sun L. Cytotoxicity of melittin and apamin in human hepatic L02 and HepG2 cellsin vitro. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.852108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu WY, Xie SL, Xu XZ, Wu CY, Feng F. A study of impurities and degradation products in Oroxylin A by a validated liquid chromatographic method with analysis of their formation pathways. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:1990-2000. [PMID: 23823704 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e318293c5e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are at a significantly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, and aberrant interleukin (IL)-6/STAT3 signaling pathway exists in both inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancers. We have previously found that oroxylin A inhibited the NF-κB signaling in human colon tumor HCT-116 cells. However, whether oroxylin A could inhibit the colitis-associated carcinogenesis remains to be determined. METHODS HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of oroxylin A. Expression of relative proteins of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Mouse model for colitis-associated colorectal cancer was induced by a combined treatment with 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) followed by 3 cycles of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate in C57BL/6 mice. IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of relative proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Oroxylin A effectively inhibited IL-6/STAT3 pathway in human HCT-116 cells, and the effect of oroxylin A was reversible. Dietary administration of oroxylin A throughout the experimental period significantly reduced the tumor burden, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in colon carcinomas. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β decreased in tumors in oroxylin A-treated mice. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was attenuated in oroxylin A-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating IL-6/STAT3 pathway in AOM/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model and in HCT-116 cells.
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Wang H, Guo Y, Zhao X, Li H, Fan G, Mao H, Miao L, Gao X. An estrogen receptor dependent mechanism of Oroxylin A in the repression of inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69555. [PMID: 23922737 PMCID: PMC3726624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid, is one of the main bioactive compounds that underlie the anti-inflammatory effect of the medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi widely used in southeastern Asia; however, the molecular mechanisms for the therapeutic benefits remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that Oroxylin A induces estrogen-responsive gene expression and promoter activity. In macrophages, Oroxylin A treatment significantly attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced but not basal inflammatory response, including nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), in an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent manner. Oroxylin A treatment also dramatically decreases LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the downregulation of all these inflammatory parameters by Oroxylin A was abolished when cells were pretreated with specific ER antagonist. Thus, Oroxylin A is a novel phytoestrogen and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated by ER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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UPLC-Q-TOF/MS for Analysis of the Metabolites of Flavone Glycosides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by Human Fecal Flora in Vitro. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Two p53-related metabolic regulators, TIGAR and SCO2, contribute to oroxylin A-mediated glucose metabolism in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1468-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Cytotoxic effect of Agaricus bisporus and Lactarius rufus β-d-glucans on HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Gambogic acid inhibits angiogenesis through inhibiting PHD2–VHL–HIF-1α pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:220-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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A small molecule IFB07188 inhibits proliferation of human cancer cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:512-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yao J, Hu R, Sun J, Lin B, Zhao L, Sha Y, Zhu B, You QD, Yan T, Guo QL. Oroxylin A prevents inflammation-related tumor through down-regulation of inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:145-58. [PMID: 22949302 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory microenvironment plays a critical role at different stages of tumor development. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between inflammation and proliferation of cancer cells remain poorly defined. Here we reported the inhibitory effects of oroxylin A on the inflammation-stimulated proliferation of tumor cells and delineated the mechanism of its action. The results indicated that treatment with oroxylin A inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IκBα and IKKα/β in both human colon tumor HCT116 cells and human monocytes THP-1 cells. In addition, in THP-1 cells, oroxylin A significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of prototypical proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 but not IL-1β, and it was confirmed at the transcription level. Moreover, oroxylin A inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells stimulated by LPS-induced THP-1 cells in co-culture microenvironment. In summary, oroxylin A modulated NF-κB signaling pathway involved in inflammation-induced cancer initiation and progression and therefore could be a potential cancer chemoprevention agent for inflammation-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of, China
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41
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Xu M, Lu N, Sun Z, Zhang H, Dai Q, Wei L, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q. Activation of the unfolded protein response contributed to the selective cytotoxicity of oroxylin A in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:113-25. [PMID: 22609744 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a refractory malignancy with a high incidence and large mortality. Current strategy for the chemotherapy of HCC focuses on developing agents with better efficacy and lower toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated that the natural flavonoid oroxylin A preferentially inhibited the viability of HCC cell line HepG2 but not the normal hepatic cell line L02. In HepG2 but not L02 cells, oroxylin A induced substantial production of intracellular H₂O₂ and inordinate activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which resulted in the induction of TRB3 and causal reduction of p-AKT1/2/3 (Ser473). Moreover, these effects were eliminated by either the stable knockdown of CHOP or the pretreatment and then co-incubation with the specific H₂O₂ scavenger catalase. These results indicated that the H₂O₂-triggered overactivation of the UPR pathway and causal inactivation of AKT signaling contributed to the preferential cytotoxicity of oroxylin A in malignant HepG2 cells. Therefore, present study proposed an underlying molecular mechanism that implicated the selective antitumor effect of oroxylin A and recommended oroxylin A as a prospect for improving the current chemotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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42
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Zou M, Lu N, Hu C, Liu W, Sun Y, Wang X, You Q, Gu C, Xi T, Guo Q. Beclin 1-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: implication in anticancer efficiency of oroxylin A via inhibition of mTOR signaling. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1722-32. [PMID: 22560876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly-regulated catabolic process that involves the degradation of intracellular components via lysosomes. Although the pivotal role of autophagy in cell growth, development, and homeostasis has been well understood, its function in cancer prevention and intervention remains to be delineated. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of autophagy induced by oroxylin A, a natural mono-flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae radix. We found for the first time that oroxylin A induced Beclin 1-mediated autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Time-lapse video microscopy and western blotting studies showed that treatment of cells with 80 μM oroxylin A resulted in the conversion of water soluble MAP-LC3 (LC3-I) to the lipidated and autophagosome-associated form (LC3-II) after 12hours; then autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosome degradation after 24 hours was required in oroxylin A-mediated cell death. This induction was associated with the suppressing of PI3K-PTEN-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway by oroxylin A. Our results also showed that autophagy took place before noticeable apoptosis can be observed. It was further demonstrated that oroxylin A-triggered autophagy contributed to cell death using over-expression of autophagy-related gene (Atg5 and Atg7) and inhibition of autophagy by siBeclin 1 and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In vivo study, oroxylin A inhibited xenograft tumor growth and induced obvious autophagy in tumors. Taken together, we conclude that oroxylin A exhibits autophagy-mediated antitumor activity in a dose and time-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. These findings define and support a novel function of autophagy in promoting death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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43
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Sun H, Chen F, Wang X, Liu Z, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhu J, Qiang L, Guo Q, You Q. Studies on gambogic acid (IV): Exploring structure-activity relationship with IκB kinase-beta (IKKβ). Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:110-23. [PMID: 22472167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have reported a series of gambogic acid's analogs and have identified a compound that possessed comparable in vitro growth inhibitory effect as gambogic acid. However, their target protein as well as the key pharmacophoric motifs on the target have not been identified yet. Herein we report that gambogic acid and its analogs inhibit the activity of IκB Kinase-beta (IKKβ) through suppressing the activation of TNFα/NF-κB pathway, which in turn induces A549 and U251 cell apoptosis. IKKβ can serve as one of gambogic acid's targets. The preparation of the compounds was carefully discussed in the article. Caged 4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,7)]dec-2-one xanthone, which was identified as the pharmacophoric scaffold, represents a promising therapeutic agent for cancer and useful probe against NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, China
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44
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Zhu B, Zhao L, Zhu L, Wang H, Sha Y, Yao J, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q. Oroxylin A reverses CAM-DR of HepG2 cells by suppressing Integrinβ1 and its related pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 259:387-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Oroxylin A inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression and activation by up-regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Kang JH, Zhang WQ, Song W, Shen DY, Li SS, Tian L, Shi Y, Liang G, Xiong YX, Chen QX. Apoptosis Mechanism of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Induced by Bile Extract from Crocodile. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:942-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-O-modified oroxylin A derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1118-21. [PMID: 22196122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A (5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a naturally occurring monoflavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and exhibits potent anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we synthesized three series of oroxylin derivatives by connecting a nitrogen-containing hydrophilic, heterocyclic ring to the C7-OH via a varying length of carbon chain. All the derivatives were screened for anti-proliferative activities against three tumor cell lines. Some of the derivatives displayed higher activities compared to oroxylin A. The most potent antitumor compound, 5f, also induced apoptosis in HepG2 cell. The difference of 5f between the inhibiting rates of cell proliferation and the apoptotic rates indicated that 5f was more likely to be a necrosis-inducing agent or both apoptosis/necrosis inducer.
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Li C, Lin G, Zuo Z. Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics properties of Radix Scutellariae and its bioactive flavones. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:427-45. [PMID: 21928297 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae is the dried root of the medicinal plant Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi. It exhibits a variety of therapeutic effects and has a long history of application in traditional formulations as well as in modern herbal medications. It has been confirmed that flavonoids are the most abundant constituents and induce these therapeutic effects. Six flavones are proven to be the major bioactive flavones in Radix Scutellariae existing in the forms of aglycones (baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A) and glycosides (baicalin, wogonoside, oroxylin A-7-glucuronide). All six flavones are pharmacologically active and show great potential in the treatment of inflammation, cancers and virus-related diseases. The current review covers the preparation of the herb Radix Scutellariae, quantification of its major bioactive ingredients, and pharmacological effects of the proposed six bioactive flavones. In addition, this review summarizes the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioactive flavones reported so far that could be used for further improvement of their pharmacokinetic study. Moreover, due to abundant co-occurring bioactive components in Radix Scutellariae, our review further documents the pharmacokinetic interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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49
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Baicalein inhibits angiogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide through TRAF6 mediated toll-like receptor 4 pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Simultaneous Quantification of Oroxylin A and Its Metabolite Oroxylin A-7-O-Glucuronide: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Rat. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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