1
|
Bundy J, Shaw J, Hammel M, Nguyen J, Robbins C, Mercier I, Suryanarayanan A. Role of β3 subunit of the GABA type A receptor in triple negative breast cancer proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:448-465. [PMID: 38623967 PMCID: PMC11174043 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2340912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous nature and aggressive onset. The unresponsiveness to hormone therapies and immunotherapy and the toxicity of chemotherapeutics account for the limited treatment options for TNBC. Ion channels have emerged as possible therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, but little is known about how ligand gated ion channels, specifically, GABA type A ligand-gated ion channel receptors (GABAAR), affect cancer pathogenesis. Our results show that the GABAA β3 subunit is expressed at higher levels in TNBC cell lines than non-tumorigenic cells, therefore contributing to the idea that limiting the GABAAR via knockdown of the GABAA β3 subunit is a potential strategy for decreasing the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. We employed pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the role of the GABAA β3 subunit in TNBC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. The results suggest that pharmacological antagonism or genetic knockdown of GABAA β3 subunit decreases TNBC proliferation and migration. In addition, GABAA β3 subunit knockdown causes cell cycle arrest in TNBC cell lines via decreased cyclin D1 and increased p21 expression. Our findings suggest that membrane bound GABAA receptors containing the β3 subunit can be further developed as a potential novel target for the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bundy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Shaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Hammel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Robbins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Mercier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sato J, Nakano K, Miyazaki H. Decreased intracellular chloride enhances cell migration and invasion via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149170. [PMID: 37924777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that changes of the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) affected cell proliferation in cancer cells. However, the role of Cl- on cell migration and invasion in cancer cells remains unanalyzed. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether changes of [Cl-]i affects cell migration and invasion of cancer cells. In human prostate cancer DU145 cells, cell migration and invasion were enhanced by culturing in the low Cl- medium (replacement of Cl- by NO3-). We also found that DU145 cells in the low Cl- condition caused significant transient ERK1/2 activation followed by an increase of MMP-1 mRNA levels. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in the low Cl- condition reduced enhancement of MMP-1 mRNA levels and decreased cell migration and invasion. These observations indicate that [Cl-]i plays important roles in metastatic function by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells, and intracellular Cl- would be one of the key targets for anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Sato
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koya Nakano
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marunaka Y. Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:31. [PMID: 37968609 PMCID: PMC10717538 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological roles of Cl-, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl- in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl- concentration ([Cl-]c); (3) whether [Cl-]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl-]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl- transporters and channels contribute to Cl- influx and efflux in an isosmotic state; (5) whether the change in [Cl-]c could be large enough to act as signals; (6) effects of Cl- on cytoskeletal tubulin polymerization through inhibition of GTPase activity and tubulin polymerization-dependent biological activity; (7) roles of cytosolic Cl- in cell proliferation; (8) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of ciliary motility; (9) roles of Cl- in sweet/umami taste receptors; (10) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK); (11) roles of Cl- in regulation of epithelial Na+ transport; (12) relationship between roles of Cl- and H+ in body functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, General Incorporated Foundation, 67 Kitatsuboi-Cho, Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Wang H, Gao F, Wang K, Dong F. ClC-3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cell After Dynamic Compression. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1606-1613. [PMID: 27922190 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ClC-3 chloride channel has been proved to have a relationship with the expression of osteogenic markers during osteogenesis, persistent static compression can upregulate the expression of ClC-3 and regulate osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts. However, there was no study about the relationship between the expression of ClC-3 and osteodifferentiation after dynamic compression. In this study, we applied dynamic compression on MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the expression of ClC-3, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteopontin (OPN), nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in biopress system, then we investigated the expression of these genes after dynamic compression with Chlorotoxin (specific ClC-3 chloride channel inhibitor) added. Under transmission electron microscopy, there were more cell surface protrusions, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, abundant glycogen, and lysosomes scattered in the cytoplasm in MC3T3-E1 cells after dynamic compression. The nucleolus was more obvious. We found that ClC-3 was significantly up-regulated after dynamic compression. The compressive force also up-regulated Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression for 2, 4 and 8 h. The proliferation gene Ki67 and PCNA did not show significantly change after dynamic compression for 8 h. Chlorotoxin did not change the expression of ClC-3 but reduced the expression of Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression compared with the group without Cltx added. The data from the current study suggested that ClC-3 may promotes osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cell after dynamic compression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1606-1613, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakajima KI, Marunaka Y. Intracellular chloride ion concentration in differentiating neuronal cell and its role in growing neurite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:338-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
6
|
Sun H, Niisato N, Inui T, Marunaka Y. Insulin is involved in transcriptional regulation of NKCC and the CFTR Cl(-) channel through PI3K activation and ERK inactivation in renal epithelial cells. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:433-43. [PMID: 25239597 PMCID: PMC10717268 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is is well known that insulin stimulates glucose transport and epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) reabsorption; however, the action of insulin on Cl(-) secretion is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the action of insulin on Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC)-mediated Cl(-) secretion in epithelial A6 cells. Interestingly, insulin treatment remarkably enhanced the forskolin-stimulated Cl(-) secretion associated with an increase in apical Cl(-) conductance by upregulating mRNA expression of both CFTR and NKCC, although insulin treatment alone had no effect on the basal Cl(-) secretion or apical Cl(-) conductance without forskolin application. We next elucidated a role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the insulin-induced enhancement of the Cl(-) secretion, since insulin actually activated PI3K, resulting in activation of Akt, a downstream molecule of PI3K. LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) reduced the Cl(-) secretion by suppressing mRNA expression of NKCC, whereas insulin still had a stimulatory action on mRNA expression of CFTR even in the presence of LY294002. On the other hand, we found that a MEK inhibitor (PD98059) further enhanced the insulin-stimulated CFTR mRNA expression and the Cl(-) secretion in forskolin-stimulated A6 cells and that insulin induced slight, transient activation of ERK followed by significant inactivation of ERK. These observations suggest that: (1) insulin respectively upregulates mRNA expression of NKCC and CFTR through activation of PI3K and inactivation of ERK; (2) insulin signals on mRNA expression of NKCC and CFTR are not enough to stimulate transepithelial Cl(-) secretion, but enhance the stimulatory action of cAMP on transepithelial Cl(-) secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Naomi Niisato
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes’ University, Kyoto, 602-8013 Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes’ University, Kyoto, 602-8013 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marunaka Y. Characteristics and Pharmacological Regulation of Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) and Epithelial Na+ Transport. J Pharmacol Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r01sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
8
|
Nakajima KI, Niisato N, Marunaka Y. Enhancement of tubulin polymerization by Cl(-)-induced blockade of intrinsic GTPase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:225-9. [PMID: 22828510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In growing neurite of neuronal cells, it is suggested that α/β-tubulin heterodimers assemble to form microtubule, and assembly of microtubule promotes neurite elongation. On the other hand, recent studies reveal importance of intracellular Cl(-) in regulation of various cellular functions such as cell cycle progression, differentiation, cell migration, and elongation of neurite in neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated effects of Cl(-) on in vitro tubulin polymerization. We found that efficiency of in vitro tubulin polymerization (the number of microtubule) was higher (3 to 5-fold) in Cl(-)-containing solutions than that in Cl(-)-free solutions containing Br(-) or NO(3)(-). On the other hand, GTPase activity of tubulin was lower (2/3-fold) in Cl(-)-containing solutions than that in Cl(-)-free solutions containing Br(-) or NO(3)(-). Efficiency of in vitro tubulin polymerization in solutions containing a non-hydrolyzable analogue of GTP (GpCpp) instead of GTP was much higher than that in the presence of GTP. Effects of replacement of GTP with GpCpp on in vitro tubulin polymerization was weaker in Cl(-) solutions (10-fold increases) than that in Br(-) or NO(3)(-) solutions (20-fold increases), although the efficiency of in vitro tubulin polymerization in Cl(-) solutions containing GpCpp was still higher than that in Br(-) or NO(3)(-) solutions containing GpCpp. Our results suggest that a part of stimulatory effects of Cl(-) on in vitro tubulin polymerization is mediated via an inhibitory effect on GTPase activity of tubulin, although Cl(-) would also regulate in vitro tubulin polymerization by factors other than an inhibitory effect on GTPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Regulation of epithelial sodium transport via epithelial Na+ channel. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:978196. [PMID: 22028593 PMCID: PMC3196915 DOI: 10.1155/2011/978196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial Na+ transport plays an important role in homeostasis of our body fluid content and blood pressure. Further, the Na+ transport in alveolar epithelial cells essentially controls the amount of alveolar fluid that should be kept at an appropriate level for normal gas exchange. The epithelial Na+ transport is generally mediated through two steps: (1) the entry step of Na+ via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and (2) the extrusion step of Na+ via the Na+, K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane. In general, the Na+ entry via ENaC is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, the regulation of ENaC plays an essential role in control of blood pressure and normal gas exchange. In this paper, we discuss two major factors in ENaC regulation: (1) activity of individual ENaC and (2) number of ENaC located at the apical membrane.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakajima KI, Niisato N, Marunaka Y. Quercetin stimulates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via activation of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:147-56. [PMID: 21865857 DOI: 10.1159/000331723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) plays an essential role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells. On the other hand, it has been reported that dietary flavonoids, such as quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin, stimulate various ion transporters. In the present report, we investigated the effect of quercetin, a flavonoid, on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells (the parental strain of PC12D cells). Quercetin stimulated the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of NKCC1 by RNAi methods abolished the stimulatory effect of flavonoid. Quercetin stimulated NKCC1 activity (measured as bumetanide-sensitive (86)Rb influx) without any increase in the expression level of NKCC1 protein. The stimulatory effect of quercetin on neurite outgrowth was dependent upon extracellular Cl(-). These observations indicate that quercetin stimulates the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth via an increase in Cl(-) incorporation into the intracellular space by activating NKCC1 in PC12 cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shiozaki A, Otsuji E, Marunaka Y. Intracellular chloride regulates the G 1/S cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2011; 3:119-22. [PMID: 22007274 PMCID: PMC3192220 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v3.i8.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that ion channels/transporters play important roles in fundamental cellular functions. Several reports indicating the important roles of Cl- channels/transporters on cell proliferation suggest that the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) regulated by them would be one of critical messengers. We investigated whether the [Cl-]i controls cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in human gastric cancer cells. Our studies indicated that furosemide, a blocker of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC), diminished cell growth by delaying the G1-S phase progression in gastric cancer cells with high expression and activity of NKCC. Furthermore, we found that the culture in the low Cl- medium (replacement of Cl- by NO3-) decreased the [Cl-]i and inhibited cell growth of gastric cancer cells and that this inhibition of cell growth was due to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase caused by diminution of CDK2 and phosphorylated Rb. The culture of cells in the low Cl- medium significantly increased expressions of p21 mRNA and protein. In addition, the low Cl- medium induced phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Treatment with an inhibitor of p38 or JNK significantly suppressed p21 upregulation caused by culture in a low Cl- medium and rescued gastric cancer cells from the low Cl--induced G1 cell cycle arrest. These findings revealed that the [Cl-]i affects the cell proliferation via activation of MAPKs through upregulation of p21 in gastric cancer cells. Our results suggest that the [Cl-]i regulates important cellular functions in gastric cancer cells, leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Atsushi Shiozaki, Eigo Otsuji, Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Mao Y, Zhang B, Wang T, Li F, Fu S, Xue Y, Yang T, Wen X, Ding Y, Duan X. Chloride channel ClC-3 promotion of osteogenic differentiation through Runx2. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:49-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
13
|
Maki M, Miyazaki H, Niisato N, Morihara T, Marunaka Y, Kubo T. Blockers of K+/Cl- transporter/channels diminish proliferation of osteoblastic cells. Biomed Res 2009; 30:137-40. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.30.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|