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Gilson PR, Kumarasingha R, Thompson J, Zhang X, Penington JS, Kalhor R, Bullen HE, Lehane AM, Dans MG, de Koning-Ward TF, Holien JK, Soares da Costa TP, Hulett MD, Buskes MJ, Crabb BS, Kirk K, Papenfuss AT, Cowman AF, Abbott BM. A 4-cyano-3-methylisoquinoline inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum growth targets the sodium efflux pump PfATP4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10292. [PMID: 31311978 PMCID: PMC6635429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel series of antimalarial compounds based on a 4-cyano-3-methylisoquinoline. Our lead compound MB14 achieved modest inhibition of the growth in vitro of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. To identify its biological target we selected for parasites resistant to MB14. Genome sequencing revealed that all resistant parasites bore a single point S374R mutation in the sodium (Na+) efflux transporter PfATP4. There are many compounds known to inhibit PfATP4 and some are under preclinical development. MB14 was shown to inhibit Na+ dependent ATPase activity in parasite membranes, consistent with the compound targeting PfATP4 directly. PfATP4 inhibitors cause swelling and lysis of infected erythrocytes, attributed to the accumulation of Na+ inside the intracellular parasites and the resultant parasite swelling. We show here that inhibitor-induced lysis of infected erythrocytes is dependent upon the parasite protein RhopH2, a component of the new permeability pathways that are induced by the parasite in the erythrocyte membrane. These pathways mediate the influx of Na+ into the infected erythrocyte and their suppression via RhopH2 knockdown limits the accumulation of Na+ within the parasite hence protecting the infected erythrocyte from lysis. This study reveals a role for the parasite-induced new permeability pathways in the mechanism of action of PfATP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Gilson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia. .,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Jennifer Thompson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Robabeh Kalhor
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | - Adele M Lehane
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Madeline G Dans
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | | | - Jessica K Holien
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | | | - Mark D Hulett
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | - Brendan S Crabb
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kiaran Kirk
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan F Cowman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Cowell AN, Istvan ES, Lukens AK, Gomez-Lorenzo MG, Vanaerschot M, Sakata-Kato T, Flannery EL, Magistrado P, Owen E, Abraham M, LaMonte G, Painter HJ, Williams RM, Franco V, Linares M, Arriaga I, Bopp S, Corey VC, Gnädig NF, Coburn-Flynn O, Reimer C, Gupta P, Murithi JM, Moura PA, Fuchs O, Sasaki E, Kim SW, Teng CH, Wang LT, Akidil A, Adjalley S, Willis PA, Siegel D, Tanaseichuk O, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Llinás M, Ottilie S, Gamo FJ, Lee MCS, Goldberg DE, Fidock DA, Wirth DF, Winzeler EA. Mapping the malaria parasite druggable genome by using in vitro evolution and chemogenomics. Science 2018; 359:191-199. [PMID: 29326268 PMCID: PMC5925756 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetic characterization through in vitro evolution combined with whole-genome analysis can identify antimalarial drug targets and drug-resistance genes.We performed a genome analysis of 262 Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to 37 diverse compounds.We found 159 gene amplifications and 148 nonsynonymous changes in 83 genes associated with drug-resistance acquisition, where gene amplifications contributed to one-third of resistance acquisition events. Beyond confirming previously identified multidrug-resistance mechanisms, we discovered hitherto unrecognized drug target–inhibitor pairs, including thymidylate synthase and a benzoquinazolinone, farnesyltransferase and a pyrimidinedione, and a dipeptidylpeptidase and an arylurea.This exploration of the P. falciparum resistome and druggable genome will likely guide drug discovery and structural biology efforts, while also advancing our understanding of resistance mechanisms available to the malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie N Cowell
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eva S Istvan
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda K Lukens
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Infectious Disease Program, The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria G Gomez-Lorenzo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Malaria Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manu Vanaerschot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tomoyo Sakata-Kato
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erika L Flannery
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pamela Magistrado
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Abraham
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gregory LaMonte
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heather J Painter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Roy M Williams
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Virginia Franco
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Malaria Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Linares
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Malaria Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arriaga
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Malaria Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Selina Bopp
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victoria C Corey
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina F Gnädig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivia Coburn-Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christin Reimer
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Purva Gupta
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James M Murithi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pedro A Moura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivia Fuchs
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sang W Kim
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine H Teng
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence T Wang
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aslı Akidil
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sophie Adjalley
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul A Willis
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Post Office Box 1826, 20 Route de Pre-Bois, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olga Tanaseichuk
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yang Zhong
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yingyao Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sabine Ottilie
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francisco-Javier Gamo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Malaria Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcus C S Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Malaria Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dyann F Wirth
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Infectious Disease Program, The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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CRISTINO MARIADAGLÓRIAG, DE MENESES CARLACAROLINAF, SOEIRO MALÚCIAMARQUES, FERREIRA JOÃOELIASV, DE FIGUEIREDO ANTONIOFLORÊNCIO, BARBOSA JARDELPINTO, DE ALMEIDA RUTHCO, PINHEIRO JOSÉC, PINHEIRO ANDRÉIADELOURDESR. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF ANTIMALARIAL 10-SUBSTITUTED DEOXOARTEMISININS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen 10-substitued deoxoartemisinin derivatives and artemisinin with activity against D-6 strains of malarial falciparum designated as Sierra Leone are studied. We use molecular electrostatic potential maps in an attempt to identify key structural features of the artemisinins that are necessary for their activities and molecular docking to investigate the interaction with the molecular receptor (heme). Chemometric modeling: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) and Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA) are employed to reduce dimensionality and investigate which subset of descriptors are responsible for the classification between more active (MA) and less active (LA) artemisinins. The PCA, HCA, KNN, SIMCA and SDA studies showed that the descriptors LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy, DFeO1 (Distance between the O 1 atom from ligand and iron atom from heme), X1A (Average Connectivity Index Chi-1) and Mor15u (Molecular Representation of Structure Based on Electron Diffraction) code of signal 15, unweighted, are responsible for separating the artemisinins according to their degree of antimalarial activity. The prediction study was done with a new set of eight artemisinins by using the chemometric methods and five of them were predicted as active against D-6 strains of falciparum malaria. In order to verify if the key structural features that are necessary for their antimalarial activities were investigated for the interaction with the heme, we also carried out calculations of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and molecular docking. MEP maps and molecular docking were analyzed for more active compounds of the prediction set.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARIA DA GLÓRIA G. CRISTINO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - CARLA CAROLINA F. DE MENESES
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - MALÚCIA MARQUES SOEIRO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JOÃO ELIAS V. FERREIRA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - ANTONIO FLORÊNCIO DE FIGUEIREDO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JARDEL PINTO BARBOSA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - RUTH C. O. DE ALMEIDA
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - JOSÉ C. PINHEIRO
- Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil
| | - ANDRÉIA DE LOURDES R. PINHEIRO
- Departamento de Química e Biologia, Centro de Educação, Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 65055-900 São Luís, MA, Brazil
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