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Antitumor potential of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, and selected derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116012. [PMID: 33454654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a potent natural protein phosphatase monoterpene anhydride inhibitor secreted by several species of blister beetle, with its demethylated anhydride analogue, (S)-palasonin, occurring as a constituent of the higher plant Butea frondosa. Cantharidin shows both potent protein phosphatase inhibitory and cancer cell cytotoxic activities, but possible preclinical development of this anhydride has been limited thus far by its toxicity. Thus, several synthetic derivatives of cantharidin have been prepared, of which some compounds exhibit improved antitumor potential and may have use as lead compounds. In the present review, the potential antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, and development of cantharidin-based anticancer drug conjugates are summarized, with protein phosphatase-related and other types of mechanisms of action discussed. Protein phosphatases play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, and thus described herein is also the potential for developing new tumor microenvironment-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic agents, based on cantharidin and its naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives.
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Bankoglu EE, Kodandaraman G, Stopper H. A systematic review of the use of the alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity studies in human colon-derived cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Evaluation of mutagenic activity of platinum complexes in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110782. [PMID: 31465821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are some of the most often used alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. In view of the paucity of data on the genotoxicity of oxaliplatin, this study compares the mutagenic activity of cisplatin (0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 mM), carboplatin (0.1, 0.2, 0,5, 1.0 mM), and oxaliplatin (0.1, 0.2, 0,5, 1.0 mM) using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Standard and high-bioactivation crosses of the drosophilid were used, which present basal and high levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolization enzymes, respectively. All concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin induced lesions in genetic material in both crosses, while oxaliplatin was mutagenic only to high bioactivation flies treated with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM of the compound. No significant differences were observed between genotoxicity values of cisplatin and carboplatin. However, CYP450 enzymes may have affected the mutagenic action of oxaliplatin. Carboplatin induced mainly mutation events, while cisplatin triggered mostly mutation and recombination events when low and high doses were used. Most events induced by oxaliplatin were generated by somatic recombination. Important differences were observed in genotoxic potential of platinum chemotherapeutic compounds, possibly due to the origin and type of the lesions induced in DNA and the repair mechanisms involved.
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Matheus HR, Ervolino E, Faleiros PL, Novaes VCN, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG, de Almeida JM. Cisplatin chemotherapy impairs the peri-implant bone repair around titanium implants: An in vivo study in rats. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 45:241-252. [PMID: 28965362 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study in animals was to evaluate the peri-implant bone repair against systemic administration of the antineoplastic agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 84 male rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divided into two groups: cisplatin (CIS) and saline solution (SS). The titanium implants were inserted into the right tibia at day 0 in all animals from both groups. Group SS received SS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively. Group CIS received 5 and 2.5 mg/kg of CIS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively, respectively. Euthanasia was performed at 22, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Twenty-four undecalcified specimens were prepared for histometric analysis of bone/implant contact (BIC). Sixty specimens were selected to bone area (BA) measurement, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of RUNX-2, osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). BIC and BA were considered to be the primary outcome parameters. RESULTS Group CIS showed lower BIC (11.87 ± 0.97 mm; 19.19 ± 0.8 mm; 17.69 ± 1.05 mm; p ≤ .05) and BA (3.68 ± 1.29 mm2 ; 3.05 ± 0.88 mm2 ; 3.23 ± 0.67 mm2 ; p ≤ .05), as well as decreased number of RUNX-2 (102.8 ± 27.35 cells/mm2 ; 100.04 ± 8.61 cells/mm2 ; 118.82 ± 21.38 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05)- and OCN-positive cells (120 ± 24.5 cells/mm2 ; 102 ± 27.73 cells/mm2 ; 100 ± 14.23 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05) at 22, 30 and 60 days, respectively. The animals in group CIS also showed increased number of TRAP-positive cells (86.8 ± 6.37 cells/mm2 ; 71.5 ± 4.72 cells/mm2 ; 92.8 ± 9.52 cells/mm2 ; p ≤ .05) and a persistent and exacerbated inflammatory response in all experimental periods. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that the chemotherapeutic CIS negatively affects the bone repair at peri-implant areas, jeopardizing the osseointegration of titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Rinaldi Matheus
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paula Lazilha Faleiros
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic-Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Singh AK, Saxena G, Arshad M. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of ruthenium flavanol complexes against breast cancer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 180:97-104. [PMID: 28282562 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Four Ru(II) DMSO complexes (M1R-M4R) having substituted flavones viz. 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL1), 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL2), 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL3) and 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HL4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR spectroscopies and ESI-MS. The molecular structures of the complexes were investigated by integrated spectroscopic and computational techniques (DFT). Both ligands as well as their complexes were screened for anticancer activities against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. Cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. All ligands and their complexes exhibited significant cytotoxic potential of 5-40μM concentration at incubation period of 24h. The cell cytotoxicity increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. In this series of compounds, HL2 (IC50 17.2μM) and its complex M2R (IC50 16μM) induced the highest cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - M Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of demethylcantharidate-linked platinum(II) complexes of N-monoalkyl-1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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de Souza AP, Lehmann M, Dihl RR. Comparative study on the induction of complex genomic alterations after exposure of mammalian cells to carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:410-415. [PMID: 27866426 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1252918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes are still broadly used as the first line of the treatment for different types of tumors nowadays. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin were authorized for clinical use, even though there is little information on the mutagenic profile associated to their usage. This study evaluated the cytostatic effects and the induction of complex genomic alterations after 24-h treatment of CHO-K1 cells to concentrations of 12.5-800 μM of carboplatin and oxaliplatin in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN-Cyt). The results demonstrated that carboplatin and oxaliplatin significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmatic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs). On one hand, oxaliplatin induces significantly more chromosomal abnormalities than carboplatin at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μM. On the other hand, carboplatin, in cells exposed to concentrations of 50 and 100 μM, is more efficient than oxaliplatin in the induction of chromosomal instability events. Both drugs cause significant reduction in the cytokinesis-block proliferation index, demonstrating their cytostatic effects at concentrations 50-800 μM. The results of this study shed more light on the characterization of biological effects associated with the exposure to carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Souza
- a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis , Post-graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis , Post-graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis , Post-graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
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Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic properties and potential anti-cancerous activities of four unsaturated bis-norcantharimides. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bellagamba BC, Abreu BRRD, Grivicich I, Markarian CF, Chem E, Camassola M, Nardi NB, Dihl RR. Human mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cisplatin in vitro. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:129-34. [PMID: 27007906 PMCID: PMC4807379 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their important properties involving multilineage differentiation potential., trophic factor secretion and localization along various organs and tissues. On the dark side, MSCs play a distinguished role in tumor microenvironments by differentiating into tumor-associated fibroblasts or supporting tumor growth via distinct mechanisms. Cisplatin (CIS) is a drug widely applied in the treatment of a large number of cancers and is known for its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we assessed the effects of CIS on MSCs and the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3, by MTT and comet assays. Our results demonstrated the resistance of MSCs to cell death and DNA damage induction by CIS, which was not observed when OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Chem
- Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Wang E, Xiong H, Zhou D, Xie Z, Huang Y, Jing X, Sun X. Co-Delivery of Oxaliplatin and Demethylcantharidin via a Polymer-Drug Conjugate. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:588-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 P. R. China
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Zhang F, Lin QY, Hu WL, Song WJ, Shen ST, Gui P. Interaction with biomacromolecules and antiproliferative activities of Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) complexes of demethylcantharate and 2,2'-bipyridine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:100-107. [PMID: 23557779 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Three new transition metal complexes [Mn2(DCA)2(bipy)2]·5H2O (1), [M2(DCA)2(bipy)2(H2O)]·10H2O(M=Ni(II)(2);Zn(II)(3)), (DCA=demethylcantharate, 7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylate, C8H8O5) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction techniques. Each metal ion was six-coordinated in complexes. Complex 1 has a Mn2O2 center. Complexes 2 and 3 have asymmetric binuclear structure. Great amount of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding and π-π(*) stacking interactions were formed in these complex structures. The DNA-binding properties of complexes were investigated by electronic absorption spectra and viscosity measurements. The DNA binding constants Kb/(Lmol(-1)) were 1.71×10(4) (1), 2.62×10(4) (2) and 1.59×10(4) (3) at 298 K. The complexes could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) strongly through static quenching. The protein binding constants Ka/(L mol(-1)) were 7.27×10(4) (1), 4.55×10(4) (2) and 7.87×10(4) L mol(-1) (3) and binding site was one. The complexes bind more tightly with DNA and BSA than with ligands. Complexes 1 and 3 had stronger inhibition ratios than Na2(DCA) against human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721) lines and human gastric cancer cells (MGC80-3) lines in vitro. Complex 3 showed the strongest antiproliferative activity against SMMC-7721 (IC50=29.46±2.12 μmol L(-1)) and MGC80-3 (IC50=27.02±2.38 μmol L(-1)), which shows potential in anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
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Dietary carotenoid lutein protects against DNA damage and alterations of the redox status induced by cisplatin in human derived HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:288-94. [PMID: 22138568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies has been reported that lutein (LT) presents antioxidant properties. Aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of LT against oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by cisplatin (cDDP) in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2). Cell viability and DNA-damage was monitored by MTT and comet assays. Moreover, different biochemical parameters related to redox status (glutathione, cytochrome-c and intracellular ROS) were also evaluated. A clear DNA-damage was seen with cDDP (1.0μM) treatment. In combination with the carotenoid, reduction of DNA damage was observed after pre- and simultaneous treatment of the cells, but not when the carotenoid was added to the cells after the exposure to cDDP. Exposure of the cells to cDDP also caused significant changes of all biochemical parameters and in co-treatment of the cells with LT, the carotenoid reverted these alterations. The results indicate that cDDP induces pronounced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells that is related to DNA damage and that the supplementation with the antioxidant LT may protect these adverse effects caused by the exposure of the cells to platinum compound, which can be a good predict for chemoprevention.
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López T, Alvarez M, González RD, Uddin MJ, Bustos J, Arroyo S, Sánchez A. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles. ADSORPTION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-011-9330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Z, Kelemen O, van Santen MA, Yelton SM, Wendlandt AE, Sviripa VM, Bollen M, Beullens M, Urlaub H, Lührmann R, Watt DS, Stamm S. Synthesis and characterization of pseudocantharidins, novel phosphatase modulators that promote the inclusion of exon 7 into the SMN (survival of motoneuron) pre-mRNA. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10126-36. [PMID: 21220421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a central element of eukaryotic gene expression. Its deregulation can lead to disease, and methods to change splice site selection are developed as potential therapies. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by the loss of the SMN1 (survival of motoneuron 1) gene. A therapeutic avenue for spinal muscular atrophy treatment is to promote exon 7 inclusion of the almost identical SMN2 (survival of motoneuron 2) gene. The splicing factor tra2-beta1 promotes inclusion of this exon and is antagonized by protein phosphatase (PP) 1. To identify new compounds that promote exon 7 inclusion, we synthesized analogs of cantharidin, an inhibitor of PP1, and PP2A. Three classes of compounds emerged from these studies. The first class blocks PP1 and PP2A activity, blocks constitutive splicing in vitro, and promotes exon 7 inclusion in vivo. The second class has no measurable effect on PP1 activity but activates PP2A. This class represents the first compounds described with these properties. These compounds cause a dephosphorylation of Thr-33 of tra2-beta1, which promotes exon 7 inclusion. The third class had no detectable effect on phosphatase activity and could promote exon 7 via allosteric effects. Our data show that subtle changes in similar compounds can turn a phosphatase inhibitor into an activator. These chemically related compounds influence alternative splicing by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaiyi Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Synthesis and cytotoxicity of cis-dichloroplatinum (II) complexes of (1S,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aguirre JD, Angeles-Boza AM, Chouai A, Pellois JP, Turro C, Dunbar KR. Live cell cytotoxicity studies: documentation of the interactions of antitumor active dirhodium compounds with nuclear DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11353-60. [PMID: 19624128 DOI: 10.1021/ja9021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The promising antitumor activity of dirhodium complexes has been known for over 30 years. There remains, however, a general lack of understanding of their activity in cellulo. In this study, we report the DNA interactions and activity in living cells of six monosubstituted dirhodium(II,II) complexes of general formula [Rh(2)(mu-O(2)CCH(3))(2)(eta(1)-O(2)CCH(3))(L)(CH(3)OH)](+), where L = bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) (1), phen (1,10-phenanthroline) (2), dpq (dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline) (3), dppz (dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (4), dppn (benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (5), and dap (4,7-dihydrodibenzo[de,gh][1,10]phenanthroline) (6). DNA interactions were investigated by UV/visible spectroscopy, relative viscosity measurements, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These measurements indicate that compound 5 exhibits the strongest interaction with DNA. Compound 5 also causes the most damage to DNA after cellular internalization, as evaluated by the alkaline comet assay. Compound 5, however, is not the most effective at inhibiting cell viability of the human cancer cells HeLa and COLO-316. The greater hydrophobicity of 5 as compared to that of 4, which is the most effective compound in the series, hinders its ability to reach its cellular target(s). Data from modulation studies of glutathione using N-acetylcysteine and L-buthionine-sulfoximine indicate that changes in glutathione levels do not affect the activity of these particular dirhodium complexes. These results suggest that glutathione is not the only agent involved in the deactivation of these dirhodium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dafhne Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Buschini A, Pinelli S, Pellacani C, Giordani F, Ferrari MB, Bisceglie F, Giannetto M, Pelosi G, Tarasconi P. Synthesis, characterization and deepening in the comprehension of the biological action mechanisms of a new nickel complex with antiproliferative activity. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:666-77. [PMID: 19193444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones are versatile organic compounds that present considerable pharmaceutical interest because of a wide range of properties. In our laboratory we synthesised some new metal-complexes with thiosemicarbazones derived from natural aldehydes which showed peculiar biological activities. In particular, a nickel complex [Ni(S-tcitr)(2)] (S-tcitr=S-citronellalthiosemicarbazonate) was observed to induce an antiproliferative effect on U937, a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, at low concentrations (IC(50)=14.4microM). Therefore, we decided to study the interactions of this molecule with various cellular components and to characterise the induced apoptotic pathway. Results showed that [Ni(S-tcitr)(2)] causes programmed cell death via down-regulation of Bcl-2, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activity, regardless of p53 function. The metal complex is not active on G(0) cells (i.e. fresh leukocytes) but is able to induce perturbation of the cell cycle on stimulated lymphocytes and U937 cells, in which a G(2)/M block was detected. It reaches the nucleus where it induces, at low concentrations (2.5-5.0microM), DNA damage, which could be partially ascribed to oxidative stress. [Ni(S-tcitr)(2)] is moreover able to strongly reduce the telomerase activity. Although the biological target of this metal complex is still unknown, the reported data suggest that [Ni(S-tcitr)(2)] could be a good model for the synthesis of new metal thiosemicarbazones with specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Buschini
- Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia dei Microrganismi, Antropologia, Evoluzione, Università di Parma, Italy.
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