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Jhancy M. Poxvirus Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:273-287. [PMID: 38801584 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Smallpox was a significant cause of mortality for over three thousand years, amounting to 10% of deaths yearly. Edward Jenner discovered smallpox vaccination in 1796, which rapidly became a smallpox infection preventive practice throughout the world and eradicated smallpox infection by 1980. After smallpox eradication, monkeypox vaccines have been used primarily in research and in outbreaks in Africa, where the disease is endemic. In the present, the vaccines are being used for people who work with animals or in high-risk areas, as well as for healthcare workers treating patients with monkeypox. Among all orthopoxviruses (OPXV), monkeypox viral (MPXV) infection occurs mainly in cynomolgus monkeys, natural reservoirs, and occasionally causes severe multi-organ infection in humans, who were the incidental hosts. The first case of the present epidemic of MXPV was identified on May 7, 2022, and rapidly increased the number of cases. In this regard, the WHO declared the outbreak, an international public health emergency on July 23, 2022. The first monkeypox vaccine was developed in the 1960s by the US Army and was based on the vaccinia virus, which is also used in smallpox vaccines. In recent years, newer monkeypox vaccines have been developed based on other viruses such as Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA). These newer vaccines are safer and can provide longer-lasting immunity with fewer side effects. For the future, there is ongoing research to improve the current vaccines and to develop new ones. One notable advance has been the development of a recombinant vaccine that uses a genetically modified vaccinia virus to express monkeypox antigens. This vaccine has shown promising results in pre-clinical trials and is currently undergoing further testing in clinical trials. Another recent development has been the use of a DNA vaccine, which delivers genetic material encoding monkeypox antigens directly into cells. This type of vaccine has shown effectiveness in animal studies and is also undergoing clinical testing in humans. Overall, these recent advances in monkeypox vaccine development hold promise for protecting individuals against this potentially serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Jhancy
- RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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de Lima MR, Leandro ACCS, de Souza AL, Barradas MM, Roma EH, Fernandes ATG, Galdino-Silva G, Carvalho JKMR, Marchevsky RS, Coelho JMCO, Gonçalves EDC, VandeBerg JL, Silva CL, Bonecini-Almeida MDG. Safety and Immunogenicity of an In Vivo Muscle Electroporation Delivery System for DNA- hsp65 Tuberculosis Vaccine in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1863. [PMID: 38140266 PMCID: PMC10747856 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is still the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis, providing limited protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adulthood. New advances in the delivery of DNA vaccines by electroporation have been made in the past decade. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the DNA-hsp65 vaccine administered by intramuscular electroporation (EP) in cynomolgus macaques. Animals received three doses of DNA-hsp65 at 30-day intervals. We demonstrated that intramuscular electroporated DNA-hsp65 vaccine immunization of cynomolgus macaques was safe, and there were no vaccine-related effects on hematological, renal, or hepatic profiles, compared to the pre-vaccination parameters. No tuberculin skin test conversion nor lung X-ray alteration was identified. Further, low and transient peripheral cellular immune response and cytokine expression were observed, primarily after the third dose of the DNA-hsp65 vaccine. Electroporated DNA-hsp65 vaccination is safe but provides limited enhancement of peripheral cellular immune responses. Preclinical vaccine trials with DNA-hsp65 delivered via EP may include a combination of plasmid cytokine adjuvant and/or protein prime-boost regimen, to help the induction of a stronger cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ribeiro de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana Cristina C. S. Leandro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
- Division of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA;
| | - Andreia Lamoglia de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Marcio Mantuano Barradas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Eric Henrique Roma
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana Teresa Gomes Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Gabrielle Galdino-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Joyce Katiuccia M. Ramos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
| | - Renato Sergio Marchevsky
- Laboratory of Neurovirulence, Instituto de Biotecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Biomanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Janice M. C. Oliveira Coelho
- Laboratory of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | - John L. VandeBerg
- Division of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA;
| | - Celio Lopes Silva
- Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltda, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil; (E.D.C.G.); (C.L.S.)
- Laboratory for Research and Development of Immunobiologicals, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetic in Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.); (A.C.C.S.L.); (A.L.d.S.); (M.M.B.); (E.H.R.); (A.T.G.F.); (G.G.-S.); (J.K.M.R.C.)
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3
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Huang X, Zhu Q, Huang X, Yang L, Song Y, Zhu P, Zhou P. In vivo electroporation in DNA-VLP prime-boost preferentially enhances HIV-1 envelope-specific IgG2a, neutralizing antibody and CD8 T cell responses. Vaccine 2017; 35:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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4
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Takeuchi A, Nomoto Y, Watanabe M, Kimura S, Morimoto Y, Ueda H. Application of Microneedles to Skin Induces Activation of Epidermal Langerhans Cells and Dermal Dendritic Cells in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1309-18. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Takeuchi
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yusuke Nomoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | | | | | - Hideo Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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5
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Rosati M, Alicea C, Kulkarni V, Virnik K, Hockenbury M, Sardesai NY, Pavlakis GN, Valentin A, Berkower I, Felber BK. Recombinant rubella vectors elicit SIV Gag-specific T cell responses with cytotoxic potential in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2015; 33:2167-74. [PMID: 25802183 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Live-attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 has been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in millions of children. The vaccine strain was used to insert SIV gag sequences and the resulting rubella vectors were tested in rhesus macaques alone and together with SIV gag DNA in different vaccine prime-boost combinations. We previously reported that such rubella vectors induce robust and durable SIV-specific humoral immune responses in macaques. Here, we report that recombinant rubella vectors elicit robust de novo SIV-specific cellular immune responses detectable for >10 months even after a single vaccination. The antigen-specific responses induced by the rubella vector include central and effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with cytotoxic potential. Rubella vectors can be administered repeatedly even after vaccination with the rubella vaccine strain RA27/3. Vaccine regimens including rubella vector and SIV gag DNA in different prime-boost combinations resulted in robust long-lasting cellular responses with significant increase of cellular responses upon boost. Rubella vectors provide a potent platform for inducing HIV-specific immunity that can be combined with DNA in a prime-boost regimen to elicit durable cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin Virnik
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Max Hockenbury
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ira Berkower
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines, Center for Biologics, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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6
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Grunwald T, Ulbert S. Improvement of DNA vaccination by adjuvants and sophisticated delivery devices: vaccine-platforms for the battle against infectious diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:1-10. [PMID: 25648133 PMCID: PMC4313101 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advantages of DNA vaccination against infectious diseases over more classical immunization methods include the possibilities for rapid manufacture, fast adaptation to newly emerging pathogens and high stability at ambient temperatures. In addition, upon DNA immunization the antigen is produced by the cells of the vaccinated individual, which leads to activation of both cellular and humoral immune responses due to antigen presentation via MHC I and MHC II molecules. However, so far DNA vaccines have shown most efficient immunogenicity mainly in small rodent models, whereas in larger animals including humans there is still the need to improve effectiveness. This is mostly due to inefficient delivery of the DNA plasmid into cells and nuclei. Here, we discuss technologies used to overcome this problem, including physical means such as in vivo electroporation and co-administration of adjuvants. Several of these methods have already entered clinical testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Electroporation has been used extensively to transfer DNA to bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells in culture for the past 30 years. Over this time, numerous advances have been made, from using fields to facilitate cell fusion, delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to cells and tissues, and most importantly, gene and drug delivery in living tissues from rodents to man. Electroporation uses electrical fields to transiently destabilize the membrane allowing the entry of normally impermeable macromolecules into the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, at the appropriate field strengths, the application of these fields to tissues results in little, if any, damage or trauma. Indeed, electroporation has even been used successfully in human trials for gene delivery for the treatment of tumors and for vaccine development. Electroporation can lead to between 100 and 1000-fold increases in gene delivery and expression and can also increase both the distribution of cells taking up and expressing the DNA as well as the absolute amount of gene product per cell (likely due to increased delivery of plasmids into each cell). Effective electroporation depends on electric field parameters, electrode design, the tissues and cells being targeted, and the plasmids that are being transferred themselves. Most importantly, there is no single combination of these variables that leads to greatest efficacy in every situation; optimization is required in every new setting. Electroporation-mediated in vivo gene delivery has proven highly effective in vaccine production, transgene expression, enzyme replacement, and control of a variety of cancers. Almost any tissue can be targeted with electroporation, including muscle, skin, heart, liver, lung, and vasculature. This chapter will provide an overview of the theory of electroporation for the delivery of DNA both in individual cells and in tissues and its application for in vivo gene delivery in a number of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David A Dean
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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8
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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9
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Short noncoding DNA fragments improve the immune potency of electroporation-mediated HBV DNA vaccination. Gene Ther 2014; 21:703-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Felber BK, Valentin A, Rosati M, Bergamaschi C, Pavlakis GN. HIV DNA Vaccine: Stepwise Improvements Make a Difference. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:354-79. [PMID: 26344623 PMCID: PMC4494255 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient DNA delivery methods and low expression of plasmid DNA have been major obstacles for the use of plasmid DNA as vaccine for HIV/AIDS. This review describes successful efforts to improve DNA vaccine methodology over the past ~30 years. DNA vaccination, either alone or in combination with other methods, has the potential to be a rapid, safe, and effective vaccine platform against AIDS. Recent clinical trials suggest the feasibility of its translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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11
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Jalah R, Kulkarni V, Patel V, Rosati M, Alicea C, Bear J, Yu L, Guan Y, Shen X, Tomaras GD, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Prattipati R, Pinter A, Bess J, Lifson JD, Reed SG, Sardesai NY, Venzon DJ, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. DNA and protein co-immunization improves the magnitude and longevity of humoral immune responses in macaques. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91550. [PMID: 24626482 PMCID: PMC3953433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the concept of combining DNA with protein to improve anti-HIV Env systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses. Rhesus macaques were vaccinated with DNA, DNA&protein co-immunization or DNA prime followed by protein boost, and the magnitude and mucosal dissemination of the antibody responses were monitored in both plasma and mucosal secretions. We achieved induction of robust humoral responses by optimized DNA vaccination delivered by in vivo electroporation. These responses were greatly increased upon administration of a protein boost. Importantly, a co-immunization regimen of DNA&protein injected in the same muscle at the same time induced the highest systemic binding and neutralizing antibodies to homologous or heterologous Env as well as the highest Env-specific IgG in saliva. Inclusion of protein in the vaccine resulted in more immunized animals with Env-specific IgG in rectal fluids. Inclusion of DNA in the vaccine significantly increased the longevity of systemic humoral immune responses, whereas protein immunization, either as the only vaccine component or as boost after DNA prime, was followed by a great decline of humoral immune responses overtime. We conclude that DNA&protein co-delivery in a simple vaccine regimen combines the strength of each vaccine component, resulting in improved magnitude, extended longevity and increased mucosal dissemination of the induced antibodies in immunized rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vainav Patel
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rajasekhar Prattipati
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Julian Bess
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Lewis B, Whitney S, Hudacik L, Galmin L, Huaman MC, Cristillo AD. Nedd4-mediated increase in HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins and immunity following DNA-vaccination of BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91267. [PMID: 24614057 PMCID: PMC3948788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The late assembly domain of many viruses is critical for budding. Within these domains, encoded in viral structural proteins, are the conserved motifs PTAP, PPxY and YPxL. These sequences are the key determinants for association of viral proteins with intracellular molecules such as Tsg101, Nedd4 and AIP1/ALIX. While roles for Tsg101 and AIP1/ALIX in HIV-1 budding have been well established, less is known about the role of Nedd4. Recent studies, however, have identified a function for Nedd4-like protein in HIV-1 release. In this study, we investigated post-transcriptional changes of Nedd4 following SHIVSF162P3 infection of rhesus macaques, its role on HIV-1 p24 and gp120 levels in vitro and its potential as an immune modulator in HIV vaccination of BALB/c mice. Increased Nedd4 protein levels were noted in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following SHIVSF162P3-infection of naïve macaques. Transient co-transfection studies in 293 cells with HXB2 and Nedd4 demonstrated a Nedd4-mediated increase in p24 and gp120 levels. This increase was found to be dependent on the Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated phospholipid binding C2 domain and not ubiquitin ligase activity or HIV LTR activity. Co-transfection of Nedd4 with plasmid DNA expressing Gag or Env was further shown to augment both intracellular and extracellular Gag or Env proteins. To assess the potential of Nedd4 as an immune modulator, BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with plasmid DNA encoding HIV gag, env and Nedd4. Nedd4 co-administration was found to increase serum anti-p24 but not anti-gp120 antibodies. Nedd4 co-injection was found to have no affect on Gag- or Env-specific IFNγ but had a trend of increased Gag-specific IL-6, IL-17A and TNFα that was not seen following Env stimulation. Based on our initial findings, Nedd4-mediated changes in HIV protein levels and its potential use in HIV-1 vaccine development warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Lewis
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Whitney
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hudacik
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Galmin
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Cecilia Huaman
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
Vaccines to prevent HIV remain desperately needed, but a number of challenges, including retroviral integration, establishment of anatomic reservoir sites, high sequence diversity, and heavy envelope glycosylation. have precluded development of a highly effective vaccine. DNA vaccines have been utilized as candidate HIV vaccines because of their ability to generate cellular and humoral immune responses, the lack of anti-vector response allowing for repeat administration, and their ability to prime the response to viral-vectored vaccines. Because the HIV epidemic has disproportionately affected the developing world, the favorable thermostability profile and relative ease and low cost of manufacture of DNA vaccines offer additional advantages. In vivo electroporation (EP) has been utilized to improve immune responses to DNA vaccines as candidate HIV-1 vaccines in standalone or prime-boost regimens with both proteins and viral-vectored vaccines in several animal models and, more recently, in human clinical trials. This chapter describes the preclinical and clinical development of candidate DNA vaccines for HIV-1 delivered by EP, including challenges to bringing this technology to the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Vasan
- Department of Retrovirology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Okada N. [From basic principles to clinical applications on transcutaneous vaccine]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:1363-72. [PMID: 24292185 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent vigorous transnational migration of people and materials reflecting the development of transportation facilities, changes in social structure, and war disasters has increased the global spread of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Vaccine, which is the major fundamental prophylaxis against infectious diseases, has greatly contributed to the maintenance and improvement of human health worldwide. However, the disadvantages of conventional injection systems hamper the speedy mass-vaccination and the global distribution of vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization systems, which are easy-to-use and low-invasive methods of vaccination, have the potential to overcome certain issues associated with injectable vaccinations. In this review, we provide an outline of recent trends in the development of techniques for the transcutaneous delivery of vaccine antigens. We also introduce basic and clinical research involving our transcutaneous immunization systems that incorporate self-dissolving microneedle patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okada
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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15
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Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Valentin A, Jalah R, Alicea C, Yu L, Guan Y, Shen X, Tomaras GD, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Irene C, Prattipati R, Pinter A, Sullivan SM, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Vaccination with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA induces long-lasting humoral immune responses able to reduce SIVmac251 Viremia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2069-80. [PMID: 23820294 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA vaccines in mice and macaques. Vaccination of mice with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV gag DNA induced higher humoral immune responses than administration of unadjuvanted DNA, whereas similar levels of cellular immunity were elicited. Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIVmac251 gag and env DNA immunization of rhesus macaques was used to examine magnitude, durability, and efficacy of humoral immunity. Vaccinated macaques elicited potent neutralizing antibodies able to cross-neutralize the heterologous SIVsmE660 Env. We found remarkable durability of Gag and Env humoral responses, sustained during ~2 y of follow-up. The Env-specific antibody responses induced by Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted env DNA vaccination disseminated into mucosal tissues, as demonstrated by their presence in saliva, including responses to the V1-V2 region, and rectal fluids. The efficacy of the immune responses was evaluated upon intrarectal challenge with low repeated dose SIVmac251. Although 2 of the 3 vaccinees became infected, these animals showed significantly lower peak virus loads and lower chronic viremia than non-immunized infected controls. Thus, Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted DNA is a promising vaccine approach for inducing potent immune responses able to control the highly pathogenic SIVmac251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmela Irene
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | - Rajasekhar Prattipati
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | | | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
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16
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Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Bear J, Pilkington GR, Jalah R, Bergamaschi C, Singh AK, Alicea C, Chowdhury B, Zhang GM, Kim EY, Wolinsky SM, Huang W, Guan Y, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Valentin A, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Comparison of intradermal and intramuscular delivery followed by in vivo electroporation of SIV Env DNA in macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2081-94. [PMID: 23811579 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A panel of SIVmac251 transmitted Env sequences were tested for expression, function and immunogenicity in mice and macaques. The immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine cocktail expressing SIVmac239 and three transmitted SIVmac251 Env sequences was evaluated upon intradermal or intramuscular injection followed by in vivo electroporation in macaques using sequential vaccination of gp160, gp120 and gp140 expressing DNAs. Both intradermal and intramuscular vaccination regimens using the gp160 expression plasmids induced robust humoral immune responses, which further improved using the gp120 expressing DNAs. The responses showed durability of binding and neutralizing antibody titers and high avidity for>1 y. The intradermal DNA delivery regimen induced higher cross-reactive responses able to neutralize the heterologous tier 1B-like SIVsmE660_CG7V. Analysis of cellular immune responses showed induction of Env-specific memory responses and cytotoxic granzyme B(+) T cells in both vaccine groups, although the magnitude of the responses were ~10x higher in the intramuscular/electroporation group. The cellular responses induced by both regimens were long lasting and could be detected ~1 y after the last vaccination. These data show that both DNA delivery methods are able to induce robust and durable immune responses in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Guy R Pilkington
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Ashish K Singh
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Bhabadeb Chowdhury
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Gen-Mu Zhang
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA; Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases; The Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Steven M Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases; The Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Wensheng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Institute of Human Virology; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery; Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development; Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery; Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development; Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC USA
| | | | | | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
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17
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Hirobe S, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Transcutaneous vaccines--current and emerging strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:485-98. [PMID: 23316778 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.760542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination, which is the major fundamental prophylaxis against illness and death from infectious disease, has greatly contributed to the global improvement of human health. However, the disadvantages of conventional injection systems hamper the delivery of vaccination technologies to developing countries. The imminent practice of easy-to-use vaccination methods is expected to overcome certain issues associated with injectable vaccinations. One innovative method is the transcutaneous immunization (TCI) system. AREAS COVERED Two major strategies for TCI are discussed in this review. One is to promote antigen permeation of the skin barrier by patch systems or nanoparticles. The other is the delivery of antigens into the skin by electroporation and microneedles in order to physically overcome the skin barrier. Moreover, adjuvant development for TCI is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Many different approaches have been developed for TCI, which have the potential to be effective, easy-to-use and painless methods of vaccination. However, in practical terms, the guidelines concerning the manufacturing processes and clinical trial evaluation of the procedures have not kept pace with the development of these novel formulations. The accumulation of information regarding skin characteristics and the properties of TCI devices will help refine TCI system development guidelines and thus lead to the improvement of transcutaneous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirobe
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Virological and molecular characterization of a simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding the envelope and reverse transcriptase genes from HIV-1. Virology 2012; 432:173-83. [PMID: 22769870 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding both reverse transcriptase (RT) and envelope genes of HIV-1 (RT Env SHIV) is important for evaluating biomedical prevention modalities for HIV/AIDS. We describe virological characterization of a clade B RT Env SHIV following infection of macaques via multiple routes. In vivo passage of the RT Env SHIV through Indian rhesus macaque enhanced infectivity. Expanded virus had minimal envelope heterogeneity and was inhibited by NNRTIs and CCR5 antagonists. Infection of macaques with RT Env SHIV via mucosal or intravenous routes resulted in stable infection accompanied by peak plasma viremia of approximately 5×10(6) copies/ml that was controlled beyond set point. Molecular homogeneity of the virus was maintained following in vivo passage. Inhibition of RT Env SHIV by RT and entry inhibitors and ease of in vivo transmission make it a useful model for testing the efficacy of combinations of entry and RT inhibitors in nonhuman primates.
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19
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Vojnov L, Bean AT, Peterson EJ, Chiuchiolo MJ, Sacha JB, Denes FS, Sandor M, Fuller DH, Fuller JT, Parks CL, McDermott AB, Wilson NA, Watkins DI. DNA/Ad5 vaccination with SIV epitopes induced epitope-specific CD4⁺ T cells, but few subdominant epitope-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Vaccine 2011; 29:7483-90. [PMID: 21839132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goals of a T cell-based vaccine for HIV are to reduce viral peak and setpoint and prevent transmission. While it has been relatively straightforward to induce CD8(+) T cell responses against immunodominant T cell epitopes, it has been more difficult to broaden the vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cell response against subdominant T cell epitopes. Additionally, vaccine regimens to induce CD4(+) T cell responses have been studied only in limited settings. In this study, we sought to elicit CD8(+) T cells against subdominant epitopes and CD4(+) T cells using various novel and well-established vaccine strategies. We vaccinated three Mamu-A*01(+) animals with five Mamu-A*01-restricted subdominant SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell epitopes. All three vaccinated animals made high frequency responses against the Mamu-A*01-restricted Env TL9 epitope with one animal making a low frequency CD8(+) T cell response against the Pol LV10 epitope. We also induced SIV-specific CD4(+) T cells against several MHC class II DRBw*606-restricted epitopes. Electroporated DNA with pIL-12 followed by a rAd5 boost was the most immunogenic vaccine strategy. We induced responses against all three Mamu-DRB*w606-restricted CD4 epitopes in the vaccine after the DNA prime. Ad5 vaccination further boosted these responses. Although we successfully elicited several robust epitope-specific CD4(+) T cell responses, vaccination with subdominant MHC class I epitopes elicited few detectable CD8(+) T cell responses. Broadening the CD8(+) T cell response against subdominant MHC class I epitopes was, therefore, more difficult than we initially anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vojnov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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20
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Amplified antigen-specific immune responses in HIV-1 infected individuals in a double blind DNA immunization and therapy interruption trial. Vaccine 2011; 29:5558-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Cristillo AD, Ferrari MG, Hudacik L, Lewis B, Galmin L, Bowen B, Thompson D, Petrovsky N, Markham P, Pal R. Induction of mucosal and systemic antibody and T-cell responses following prime-boost immunization with novel adjuvanted human immunodeficiency virus-1-vaccine formulations. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:128-40. [PMID: 21169215 PMCID: PMC3052530 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.023242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) occurs via the mucosa, an ideal HIV-1 vaccine should induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. We therefore sought to evaluate the induction of mucosal responses using a DNA env prime–gp120 protein boost approach in which sequential nasal and parenteral protein administration was performed with two novel carbohydrate-based adjuvants. These adjuvants, Advax-M and Advax-P, were specifically designed for mucosal and systemic immune enhancement, respectively. Murine intranasal immunization with gp120/Advax-M adjuvant elicited gp120-specific IgA in serum and mucosal secretions that was markedly enhanced by DNA priming. Boosting of DNA-primed mice with gp120/Advax-M and gp120/Advax-P by sequential intranasal and intramuscular immunization, or vice versa, elicited persistent mucosal gp120-specific IgA, systemic IgG and memory T- and B-cell responses. Induction of homologous, but not heterologous, neutralizing activity was noted in the sera of all immunized groups. While confirmation of efficacy is required in challenge studies using non-human primates, these results suggest that the combination of DNA priming with sequential nasal and parenteral protein boosting, with appropriate mucosal and systemic adjuvants, could generate strong mucosal and systemic immunity and may block HIV-1 mucosal transmission and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA
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22
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Hirao LA, Draghia-Akli R, Prigge JT, Yang M, Satishchandran A, Wu L, Hammarlund E, Khan AS, Babas T, Rhodes L, Silvera P, Slifka M, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. Multivalent smallpox DNA vaccine delivered by intradermal electroporation drives protective immunity in nonhuman primates against lethal monkeypox challenge. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:95-102. [PMID: 21148501 PMCID: PMC3086429 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiq017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat of a smallpox-based bioterrorist event or a human monkeypox outbreak has heightened the importance of new, safe vaccine approaches for these pathogens to complement older poxviral vaccine platforms. As poxviruses are large, complex viruses, they present technological challenges for simple recombinant vaccine development where a multicomponent mixtures of vaccine antigens are likely important in protection. We report that a synthetic, multivalent, highly concentrated, DNA vaccine delivered by a minimally invasive, novel skin electroporation microarray can drive polyvalent immunity in macaques, and offers protection from a highly pathogenic monkeypox challenge. Such a diverse, high-titer antibody response produced against 8 different DNA-encoded antigens delivered simultaneously in microvolumes has not been previously described. These studies represent a significant improvement in the efficiency of the DNA vaccine platform, resulting in immune responses that mimic live viral infections, and would likely have relevance for vaccine design against complex human and animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Hirao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Maria Yang
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
| | - Abhishek Satishchandran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika Hammarlund
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | | | - Tahar Babas
- Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lowrey Rhodes
- Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Peter Silvera
- Southern Research Institute, 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mark Slifka
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | | | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Dolter KE, Evans CF, Ellefsen B, Song J, Boente-Carrera M, Vittorino R, Rosenberg TJ, Hannaman D, Vasan S. Immunogenicity, safety, biodistribution and persistence of ADVAX, a prophylactic DNA vaccine for HIV-1, delivered by in vivo electroporation. Vaccine 2011; 29:795-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Electroporation-Mediated DNA Vaccination. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPORATION 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8363-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Bal SM, Ding Z, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Advances in transcutaneous vaccine delivery: Do all ways lead to Rome? J Control Release 2010; 148:266-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Martinon F, Kaldma K, Sikut R, Culina S, Romain G, Tuomela M, Adojaan M, Männik A, Toots U, Kivisild T, Morin J, Brochard P, Delache B, Tripiciano A, Ensoli F, Stanescu I, Le Grand R, Ustav M. Persistent immune responses induced by a human immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccine delivered in association with electroporation in the skin of nonhuman primates. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1291-307. [PMID: 19627235 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to improve vaccine efficacy are still required, especially in the case of chronic infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines; however, low immunological efficacy has been demonstrated in many experiments involving large animals and in clinical trials. To improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, we have designed a plasmid vector exploiting the binding capacity of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein and we have used electroporation (EP) to increase DNA uptake after intradermal inoculation. We demonstrated, in nonhuman primates (NHPs), efficient induction of anti-HIV immunity with an improved DNA vaccine vector encoding an artificial fusion protein, consisting of several proteins and selected epitopes from HIV-1. We show that a DNA vaccine delivery method combining intradermal injection and noninvasive EP dramatically increased expression of the vaccine antigen selectively in the epidermis, and our observations strongly suggest the involvement of Langerhans cells in the strength and quality of the anti-HIV immune response. Although the humoral responses to the vaccine were transient, the cellular responses were exceptionally robust and persisted, at high levels, more than 2 years after the last vaccine boost. The immune responses were characterized by the induction of significant proportions of T cells producing both interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 cytokines, in both subpopulations, CD4(+) and CD8(+). This strategy is an attractive approach for vaccination in humans because of its high efficacy and the possible use of newly developed devices for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Martinon
- Division of Immunovirology, Life Sciences Program (DSV), Institute for Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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27
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Ahlers JD, Belyakov IM. Strategies for recruiting and targeting dendritic cells for optimizing HIV vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:263-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Bodles-Brakhop AM, Heller R, Draghia-Akli R. Electroporation for the delivery of DNA-based vaccines and immunotherapeutics: current clinical developments. Mol Ther 2009; 17:585-92. [PMID: 19223870 PMCID: PMC2835112 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) has been used in basic research for the past 25 years to aid in the transfer of DNA into cells in vitro. EP in vivo enhances transfer of DNA vaccines and therapeutic plasmids to the skin, muscle, tumors, and other tissues resulting in high levels of expression, often with serological and clinical benefits. The recent interest in nonviral gene transfer as treatment options for a vast array of conditions has resulted in the refinement and optimization of EP technology. Current research has revealed that EP can be successfully used in many species, including humans. Clinical trials are currently under way. Herein, the transition of EP from basic science to clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bodles-Brakhop
- VGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2700 Research Forest Drive, Suite 180, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, USA.
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29
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Cristillo AD, Galmin L, Restrepo S, Hudacik L, Suschak J, Lewis B, Draghia-Akli R, Aziz N, Weiss D, Markham P, Pal R. HIV-1 Env vaccine comprised of electroporated DNA and protein co-administered with Talabostat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:22-6. [PMID: 18329382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selection of potent yet low reactogenic adjuvants for protein immunization is important for HIV-1 vaccine development. Immunogenicity of electroporated DNA (HIV env) and recombinant gp120, administered with either QS-21 or the orally administered immunomodulator, Talabostat, was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Electroporation of low dose DNA elicited Th1 cytokines and anti-envelope antibodies. Immunization with gp120 protein alone with or without Talabostat elicited lower Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels but comparable anti-gp120 antibodies to QS-21-formulated protein. Boosting of DNA-primed mice with gp120/Talabostat induced similar anti-gp120 antibody titers and slightly higher levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines relative to QS-21-formulated protein. Induction of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells and functional CTL activity was noted. These results highlight the potential use of orally administered Talabostat for efficient protein boosting of antibody and T-cell responses primed by DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA
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