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En A, Watanabe K, Ayusawa D, Fujii M. The key role of a basic domain of histone H2B N-terminal tail in the action of 5-bromodeoxyuridine to induce cellular senescence. FEBS J 2023; 290:692-711. [PMID: 35882390 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analogue, is an interesting reagent that modulates various biological phenomena. BrdU, upon incorporation into DNA, causes destabilized nucleosome positioning which leads to changes in heterochromatin organization and gene expression in cells. We have previously shown that BrdU effectively induces cellular senescence, a phenomenon of irreversible growth arrest in mammalian cells. Identification of the mechanism of action of BrdU would provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence. Here, we showed that a basic domain in the histone H2B N-terminal tail, termed the HBR (histone H2B repression) domain, is involved in the action of BrdU. Notably, deletion of the HBR domain causes destabilized nucleosome positioning and derepression of gene expression, as does BrdU. We also showed that the genes up-regulated by BrdU significantly overlapped with those by deletion of the HBR domain, the result of which suggested that BrdU and deletion of the HBR domain act in a similar way. Furthermore, we showed that decreased HBR domain function induced cellular senescence or facilitated the induction of cellular senescence. These findings indicated that the HBR domain is crucially involved in the action of BrdU, and also suggested that disordered nucleosome organization may be involved in the induction of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki En
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Japan
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2
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Takauji Y, Kudo I, En A, Matsuo R, Hossain MN, Nakabayashi K, Miki K, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. GNG11 (G-protein subunit γ 11) suppresses cell growth with induction of reactive oxygen species and abnormal nuclear morphology in human SUSM-1 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:517-523. [PMID: 28380310 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enforced expression of GNG11, G-protein subunit γ 11, induces cellular senescence in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We here examined the effect of the expression of GNG11 on the growth of immortalized human cell lines, and found that it suppressed the growth of SUSM-1 cells, but not of HeLa cells. We then compared these two cell lines to understand the molecular basis for the action of GNG11. We found that expression of GNG11 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal nuclear morphology in SUSM-1 cells but not in HeLa cells. Increased ROS generation by GNG11 would likely be caused by the down-regulation of the antioxidant enzymes in SUSM-1 cells. We also found that SUSM-1 cells, even under normal culture conditions, showed higher levels of ROS and higher incidence of abnormal nuclear morphology than HeLa cells, and that abnormal nuclear morphology was relevant to the increased ROS generation in SUSM-1 cells. Thus, SUSM-1 and HeLa cells showed differences in the regulation of ROS and nuclear morphology, which might account for their different responses to the expression of GNG11. Thus, SUSM-1 cells may provide a unique system to study the regulatory relationship between ROS generation, nuclear morphology, and G-protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takauji
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ikuru Kudo
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Atsuki En
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuo
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Mohammad Nazir Hossain
- b Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 9 Banani C/A Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- c Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miki
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.,d Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0048, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.,d Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0048, Japan
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3
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Central roles of iron in the regulation of oxidative stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2017; 63:895-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Arai R, En A, Ukekawa R, Miki K, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. Aberrant localization of lamin B receptor (LBR) in cellular senescence in human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1078-1083. [PMID: 27059139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analogue, induces cellular senescence in mammalian cells. BrdU induces cellular senescence probably through the regulation of chromatin because BrdU destabilizes or disrupts nucleosome positioning and decondenses heterochromatin. Since heterochromatin is tethered to the nuclear periphery through the interaction with the nuclear envelope proteins, we examined the localization of the several nuclear envelope proteins such as lamins, lamin-interacting proteins, nuclear pore complex proteins, and nuclear transport proteins in senescent cells. We have shown here that lamin B receptor (LBR) showed a change in localization in both BrdU-induced and replicative senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Arai
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Atsuki En
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ryo Ukekawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0048, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan; Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0048, Japan
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5
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Restriction of protein synthesis abolishes senescence features at cellular and organismal levels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18722. [PMID: 26729469 PMCID: PMC4700526 DOI: 10.1038/srep18722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence or its equivalence is induced by treatment of cells with an appropriate inducer of senescence in various cell types. Mild restriction of cytoplasmic protein synthesis prevented induction of all aspects of cellular senescence in normal and tumor-derived human cells. It allowed the cells to continuously grow with no sign of senescent features in the presence of various inducers. It also delayed replicative senescence in normal human fibroblasts. Moreover, it allowed for growth of the cells that had entered a senescent state. When adult worms of the nematode C. elegans were grown under protein-restricted conditions, their average and maximal lifespans were significantly extended. These results suggest that accumulation of cytoplasmic proteins due to imbalance in macromolecule synthesis is a fundamental cause of cellular senescence.
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6
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High concentrations of NaCl induce cell swelling leading to senescence in human cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:117-25. [PMID: 26463993 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell swelling and retardation in DNA replication are always observed in senescent cells. When DNA replication is slowed down with RNA and protein syntheses unchanged in proliferating cells, it causes a phenomenon known as unbalanced growth. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of cell swelling in unbalanced growth in terms of senescence and investigate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We tried to induce cell swelling with minimum damage to cells in this study. We perturbed the osmoregulatory functions to induce cell swelling under hypotonic and hypertonic conditions in normal human fibroblasts. Addition of excess NaCl was found to induce significant cell and nuclear swelling in dose- and time-dependent manners. Excess NaCl immediately retarded DNA replication, accumulated cells at G1 phase of the cell cycle, and eventually deprived division potential of the cells. Such cells showed typical senescent cell shape followed by expression of the typical senescence-associated genes. Excess NaCl also activated ERK1/2, p38, and JNK of the mitogen activated protein kinase family. Addition of U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, prevented appearance of senescent features induced by excess NaCl. These results suggest that hypertonic conditions induce cell swelling due to unbalanced growth, thereby leading to cellular senescence.
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Thilly WG, Gostjeva EV, Koledova VV, Zukerberg LR, Chung D, Fomina JN, Darroudi F, Stollar BD. Metakaryotic stem cell nuclei use pangenomic dsRNA/DNA intermediates in genome replication and segregation. Organogenesis 2014; 10:44-52. [PMID: 24418910 PMCID: PMC4049894 DOI: 10.4161/org.27684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bell shaped nuclei of metakaryotic cells double their DNA content during and after symmetric and asymmetric amitotic fissions rather than in the separate, pre-mitotic S-phase of eukaryotic cells. A parsimonious hypothesis was tested that the two anti-parallel strands of each chromatid DNA helix were first segregated as ssDNA-containing complexes into sister nuclei then copied to recreate a dsDNA genome. Metakaryotic nuclei that were treated during amitosis with RNase A and stained with acridine orange or fluorescent antibody to ssDNA revealed large amounts of ssDNA. Without RNase treatment metakaryotic nuclei in amitosis stained strongly with an antibody complex specific to dsRNA/DNA. Images of amitotic figures co-stained with dsRNA/DNA antibody and DAPI indicated that the entire interphase dsDNA genome (B-form helices) was transformed into two dsRNA/DNA genomes (A-form helices) that were segregated in the daughter cell nuclei then retransformed into dsDNA. As this process segregates DNA strands of opposite polarity in sister cells it hypothetically offers a sequential switching mechanism within the diverging stem cell lineages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Thilly
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology; Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elena V Gostjeva
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology; Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Vera V Koledova
- Laboratory in Metakaryotic Biology; Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Daniel Chung
- Gastorointestinal Unit; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA USA
| | - Janna N Fomina
- Department of Toxicogenetics; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Department of Toxicogenetics; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B David Stollar
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston, MA USA
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8
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Takayama S, Fujii M, Nakagawa Y, Miki K, Ayusawa D. N-terminal short fragment of TUP1 confers resistance to 5-bromodeoxyuridine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:25-31. [PMID: 21712029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that exhibit biological activity have contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of various biological phenomena. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analogue that modulates various biological phenomena such as cellular differentiation and cellular senescence in cultured mammalian cells. Although BrdU is thought to function through changing chromatin structure and gene expression, its precise molecular mechanisms are not understood. To study the molecular mechanism for the action of BrdU, we have employed the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, and screened multi-copy suppressor genes that confer resistance to BrdU. Our genetic screen has revealed that expression of the N-terminal short fragment of TUP1, and also disruption of HDA1 or HOS1, histone deacetylases that interact with TUP1, conferred resistance to BrdU. These results suggest the implication of the chromatin proteins in the function of BrdU, and would provide novel clues to answer the old question of how BrdU modulates various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Takayama
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236 0027, Japan
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9
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Almeida JCD, Sauaia H, Viana JC. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine induces visible morphological alteration in the DNA puffs of the anterior salivary gland region of Bradysia hygida (Diptera, Sciaridae). Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:1143-52. [PMID: 21085898 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has long been known to interfere with cell differentiation. We found that treatment of Bradysia hygida larvae with BrdUrd during DNA puff anlage formation in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary gland S1 region noticeably affects anlage morphology. However, it does not affect subsequent metamorphosis to the adult stage. The chromatin of the chromosomal sites that would normally form DNA puffs remains very compact and DNA puff expansion does not occur with administration of 4 to 8 mM BrdUrd. Injection of BrdUrd at different ages provoked a gradient of compaction of the DNA puff chromatin, leading to the formation of very small to almost normal puffs. By immunodetection, we show that the analogue is preferentially incorporated into the DNA puff anlages. When BrdUrd is injected in a mixture with thymidine, it is not incorporated into the DNA, and normal DNA puffs form. Therefore, incorporation of this analogue into the amplified DNA seems to be the cause of this extreme compaction. Autoradiographic experiments and silver grains counting showed that this treatment decreases the efficiency of RNA synthesis at DNA puff anlages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C de Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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10
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Miki K, Shimizu M, Fujii M, Takayama S, Hossain MN, Ayusawa D. 5-bromodeoxyuridine induces transcription of repressed genes with disruption of nucleosome positioning. FEBS J 2010; 277:4539-48. [PMID: 21040474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) modulates the expression of particular genes associated with cellular differentiation and senescence when incorporated into DNA instead of thymidine (dThd). To date, a molecular mechanism for this phenomenon remains a mystery in spite of a large number of studies. Recently, we have demonstrated that BrdU disrupts nucleosome positioning on model plasmids mediated by specific AT-tracts in yeast cells. Here we constructed a cognate plasmid that can form an ordered array of nucleosomes determined by an α2 operator and contains the BAR1 gene as an expression marker gene to examine BAR1 expression in dThd-auxotrophic MATα cells under various conditions. In medium containing dThd, BAR1 expression was completely repressed, associated with the formation of the stable array of nucleosomes. Insertion of AT-tracts into a site of the promoter region slightly increased BAR1 expression and slightly destabilized nucleosome positioning dependent on their sequence specificity. In medium containing BrdU, BAR1 expression was further enhanced, associated with more marked disruption of nucleosome positioning on the promoter region. Disruption of nucleosome positioning seems to be sufficient for full expression of the marker gene if necessary transcription factors are supplied. Incorporation of 5-bromouracil into the plasmid did not weaken the binding of the α2/Mcm1 repressor complex to its legitimate binding site, as revealed by an in vivo UV photofootprinting assay. These results suggest that BrdU increases transcription of repressed genes by disruption of nucleosome positioning around their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miki
- Department of Genome System Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Fujii M, Miki K, Takayama S, Ayusawa D. Identification of genes that affect sensitivity to 5-bromodeoxyuridine in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 2010; 283:461-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-010-0535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Theruvathu JA, Kim CH, Rogstad DK, Neidigh JW, Sowers LC. Base pairing configuration and stability of an oligonucleotide duplex containing a 5-chlorouracil-adenine base pair. Biochemistry 2009; 48:7539-46. [PMID: 19618901 DOI: 10.1021/bi9007947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated reactive molecules can damage DNA by oxidation and chlorination. The biological consequences of this damage are as yet incompletely understood. In this paper, we have constructed oligonucleotides containing 5-chlorouracil (ClU), one of the known inflammation damage products. The thermodynamic stability, base pairing configuration, and duplex conformation of oligonucleotides containing ClU paired opposite adenine have been examined. NMR spectra reveal that the ClU-A base pair adopts a geometry similar to that of the T-A base pair, and the ClU-A base pair-containing duplex adopts a normal B-form conformation. The line width of the imino proton of the ClU residue is substantially greater than that of the corresponding T imino proton; however, this difference is not attributed to a reduced thermal or thermodynamic stability or to an increased level of proton exchange with solvent. While the NMR studies reveal an increased level of chemical exchange for the ClU imino proton of the ClU-A base pair, the ClU residue is not a target for removal by the Escherichia coli mispaired uracil glycosylase, which senses damage-related helix instability. The results of this study are consistent with previous reports indicating that the DNA of replicating cells can tolerate substantial substitution with ClU. The fraudulent, pseudo-Watson-Crick ClU-A base pair is sufficiently stable to avoid glycosylase removal and, therefore, might constitute a persistent form of cellular DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Theruvathu
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
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13
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Zeitlin SG, Baker NM, Chapados BR, Soutoglou E, Wang JYJ, Berns MW, Cleveland DW. Double-strand DNA breaks recruit the centromeric histone CENP-A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:15762-7. [PMID: 19717431 PMCID: PMC2747192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908233106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3 variant CENP-A is required for epigenetic specification of centromere identity through a loading mechanism independent of DNA sequence. Using multiphoton absorption and DNA cleavage at unique sites by I-SceI endonuclease, we demonstrate that CENP-A is rapidly recruited to double-strand breaks in DNA, along with three components (CENP-N, CENP-T, and CENP-U) associated with CENP-A at centromeres. The centromere-targeting domain of CENP-A is both necessary and sufficient for recruitment to double-strand breaks. CENP-A accumulation at DNA breaks is enhanced by active non-homologous end-joining but does not require DNA-PKcs or Ligase IV, and is independent of H2AX. Thus, induction of a double-strand break is sufficient to recruit CENP-A in human and mouse cells. Finally, since cell survival after radiation-induced DNA damage correlates with CENP-A expression level, we propose that CENP-A may have a function in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Zeitlin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Brian R. Chapados
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | - Michael W. Berns
- Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Medicine and
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14
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Herpes simplex virus ICP0 promotes both histone removal and acetylation on viral DNA during lytic infection. J Virol 2008; 82:12030-8. [PMID: 18842720 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01575-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During lytic infection, the genome of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is associated with limited levels of histones but does not form a regular repeating nucleosomal structure. However, the previous observation that chromatin remodeling factors are recruited into viral replication compartments indicates that chromatin remodeling plays a role in HSV-1 gene expression and DNA replication. In this study we demonstrate the presence of histone H3 on HSV-1 DNA early in infection at levels equivalent to those found on a cellular gene. The proportion of viral DNA associated with histone H3 decreases at later times postinfection, independently of either viral DNA replication or transcription. We demonstrate that an immediate-early protein, infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), is required for both a reduction in the proportion of HSV-1 DNA associating with histone H3 and an increase in histone acetylation. This study provides evidence that ICP0 directly alters the chromatin structure of the HSV-1 genome during lytic infection, and this system will serve as a useful model for the reduction of histone load in higher eukaryotes.
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15
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Endoh M, Kobayashi Y, Yamakami Y, Yonekura R, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. Coordinate expression of the human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene family during induced and replicative senescence. Biogerontology 2008; 10:213-21. [PMID: 18792801 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-008-9173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) comprise a family of highly similar polypeptides encoded by 11 transcriptionally active genes that compactly cluster on band 19q13.2. All members of the PSG family were found to be markedly up-regulated by addition of 5-bromodeoxyuridine in HeLa cells. Similarly, all of the members were markedly up-regulated during replicative senescence in normal human fibroblasts. Promoter analysis of the PSG1, 4, and 11 genes in HeLa cells did not reveal a cis-regulatory element responsive to 5-bromodeoxyuridine in their 5'-flanking sequences. These results suggest that the PSG genes are regulated at a level of higher order chromatin structure besides by a signal of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morio Endoh
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
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