1
|
Liegel J, Weinstock M, Rosenblatt J, Avigan D. Vaccination as Immunotherapy in Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:433-443. [PMID: 33434056 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liegel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Weinstock
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nonmyeloablative TLI-ATG conditioning for allogeneic transplantation: mature follow-up from a large single-center cohort. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2454-2464. [PMID: 31427277 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative total lymphoid irradiation and antithymocyte globulin (TLI-ATG) conditioning is protective against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), while retaining graft-versus-tumor activity across various hematologic malignancies. We report our comprehensive experience using TLI-ATG conditioning in 612 patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent allogeneic transplantation at Stanford University from 2001 to 2016. All patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood grafts and cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil for GVHD prophylaxis. The median age was 60 years (range, 21-78), with a median follow-up of 6.0 years (range, 1.0-16.4). Common diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 193), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 94), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; n = 80), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 175), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL; n = 35). Thirty-four percent of patients had a comorbidity index ≥3, 30% had a high to very high disease risk index, and 56% received unrelated donor grafts, including 15% with HLA-mismatched donors. Ninety-eight percent underwent transplant in the outpatient setting, and 57% were never hospitalized from days 0 through 100. The 1-year rates of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), grade II-IV acute GVHD, and extensive chronic GVHD were 9%, 14%, and 22%, respectively. The 4-year estimates for overall and progression-free survival were 42% and 32% for AML, 30% and 21% for MDS, 67% and 43% for CLL, 68% and 45% for NHL, and 78% and 49% for HL. Mixed chimerism correlated with the risk of relapse. TLI-ATG conditioning was well tolerated, with low rates of GVHD and NRM. Durable remissions were observed across hematologic malignancies, with particularly favorable outcomes for heavily pretreated lymphomas. Several efforts are underway to augment donor chimerism and reduce relapse rates while maintaining the favorable safety and tolerability profile of this regimen.
Collapse
|
3
|
Heterogeneity and coexistence of oncogenic mechanisms involved in HCV-associated B-cell lymphomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:156-171. [PMID: 31092372 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of HCV-infection with B-lymphomas is supported by the regression of most indolent/low-grade lymphomas following anti-viral therapy. Studies on direct and indirect oncogenic mechanisms have elucidated the pathogenesis of HCV-associated B-lymphoma subtypes. These include B-lymphocyte proliferation and sustained clonal expansion by HCV-envelope protein stimulation of B-cell receptors, and prolonged HCV-infected B-cell growth by overexpression of an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 oncogene caused by the increased frequency of t(14;18) chromosomal translocations in follicular lymphomas. HCV has been implicated in lymphomagenesis by a "hit-and-run" mechanism, inducing enhanced mutation rate in immunoglobulins and anti-oncogenes favoring immune escape, due to permanent genetic damage by double-strand DNA-breaks. More direct oncogenic mechanisms have been identified in cytokines and chemokines in relation to NS3 and Core expression, particularly in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. By reviewing genetic alterations and disrupted signaling pathways, we intend to highlight how mutually non-contrasting mechanisms cooperate with environmental factors toward progression of HCV-lymphoma.
Collapse
|
4
|
AntiCD3Fv fused to human interleukin-3 deletion variant redirected T cells against human acute myeloid leukemic stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:18. [PMID: 25879549 PMCID: PMC4389834 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are frequently seen as a cause of treatment failure and relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, successful new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AML should aim at eradicating LSCs. The identification of targets on the cell surface of LSCs is getting more and more attention. Among these, CD123, also known as the interleukin-3 (IL3)-receptor α chain, has been identified as a potential immunotherapeutic target due to its overexpression on LSCs in AML as well as on AML blasts, rather than normal hematopoietic stem cells. Methods We constructed a CD123-targeted fusion protein antiCD3Fv-⊿IL3, with one binding site for T cell antigen receptor (TCRCD3) and the other for CD123, by recombinant gene-engineering technology. Cysteine residues were introduced into the V domains of the antiCD3Fv segment to enhance its stability by locking the two chains of Fv together with disulfide covalent bonds. The stability and cytotoxicity of the two fusion proteins were detected in vitro and in vivo. Results Both fusion proteins were produced and purified from Escherichia coli 16C9 cells with excellent yields in fully active forms. High-binding capability was observed between these two fusion proteins and human IL3R, leading to the specific lysis of CD123-expressing cell lines KG1a; also, mononuclear cells from primary AML patients were inhibited in a colony forming assay in vitro, presumably by redirecting T lymphocytes in vitro. In addition, they displayed an antileukemic activity against KG1a xenografts in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, especially disulfide-stabilized (ds)-antiCD3Fv-⊿IL3 for its improved stability. Conclusions These results suggest that both fusion proteins display the antileukemic activity against CD123-expressing cell lines as well as leukemic progenitors in vitro and in vivo, especially ds-antiCD3Fv-⊿IL3. They could be the promising candidates for future immunotherapy of AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0109-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fioretti D, Iurescia S, Rinaldi M. Enhancement of plasmid-mediated transgene expression. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1143:11-20. [PMID: 24715279 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0410-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies aimed at the treatment of cancer, autoimmune and metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, allergic diseases, as well as muscle disorders strengthen the fact that gene therapy could represent an alternative method to treat human diseases where conventional approaches are less effective. To improve transgene expression from plasmid vectors, DNA nuclear targeting sequences (DTSs) can be introduced in a vector backbone to increase in vivo expression up to 20-fold using electroporation (EP) delivery in muscle tissue. The purpose of this chapter is to represent a step-by-step strategy for the construction of a plasmid vector with enhanced efficiency of nuclear plasmid uptake and the methodic for the in vivo efficiency evaluation of the obtained expression vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fioretti
- Section of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Although safety concerns have been overcome, lower immunogenicity profiles of DNA vaccines have hindered their progress in humans. DNA vaccines need to make up for this limitation by altering plasmid construction through vector design innovations intended for enhancement of transgene expression and immunogenicity. The next-generation vectors also address safety issues such as selection markers. This chapter discusses (a) plasmid backbone design, (b) enhancement of antigenic protein expression and immunogenicity, and (c) vector modification to increase innate immunity. Modifications of the basic design, when combined with improved delivery devices and/or prime/boost regimens, may enhance DNA vaccine performance and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Iurescia
- Section of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aysan E, Bayrak OF, Aydemir E, Telci D, Sahin F, Yardimci C, Muslumanoglu M. Cancer Preventive Effects of Whole Cell Type Immunization against Mice Ehrlich Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:3515-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
8
|
Iurescia S, Fioretti D, Fazio VM, Rinaldi M. Epitope-driven DNA vaccine design employing immunoinformatics against B-cell lymphoma: A biotech's challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:372-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Signori E, Iurescia S, Massi E, Fioretti D, Chiarella P, De Robertis M, Rinaldi M, Tonon G, Fazio VM. DNA vaccination strategies for anti-tumour effective gene therapy protocols. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1583-91. [PMID: 20390416 PMCID: PMC11030090 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
After more than 15 years of experimentation, DNA vaccines have become a promising perspective for tumour diseases, and animal models are widely used to study the biological features of human cancer progression and to test the efficacy of vaccination protocols. In recent years, immunisation with naked plasmid DNA encoding tumour-associated antigens or tumour-specific antigens has revealed a number of advantages: antigen-specific DNA vaccination stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses; multiple or multi-gene vectors encoding several antigens/determinants and immune-modulatory molecules can be delivered as single administration; DNA vaccination does not induce autoimmune disease in normal animals; DNA vaccines based on plasmid vectors can be produced and tested rapidly and economically. However, DNA vaccines have shown low immunogenicity when tested in human clinical trials, and compared with traditional vaccines, they induce weak immune responses. Therefore, the improvement of vaccine efficacy has become a critical goal in the development of effective DNA vaccination protocols for anti-tumour therapy. Several strategies are taken into account for improving the DNA vaccination efficacy, such as antigen optimisation, use of adjuvants and delivery systems like electroporation, co-expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in the same vector, different vaccination protocols. In this review we discuss how the combination of these approaches may contribute to the development of more effective DNA vaccination protocols for the therapy of lymphoma in a mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Signori
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Iurescia
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Massi
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pieranna Chiarella
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tonon
- Bio-ker S.r.l., POLARIS, Località Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, Cagliari Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic immunization with CDR3-based fusion vaccine confers protection and long-term tumor-free survival in a mouse model of lymphoma. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:316069. [PMID: 20445751 PMCID: PMC2860581 DOI: 10.1155/2010/316069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccination against idiotype is a promising strategy for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies. We have previously shown that CDR3-based DNA immunization can induce immune response against lymphoma and explored this strategy to provide protection in a murine B-cell lymphoma model. Here we performed vaccination employing as immunogen a naked DNA fusion product. The DNA vaccine was generated following fusion of a sequence derived from tetanus toxin fragment C to the VHCDR3109−116 epitope. Induction of tumor-specific immunity as well as ability to inhibit growth of the aggressive 38C13 lymphoma and to prolong survival of vaccinated mice has been tested. We determined that DNA fusion vaccine induced immune response, elicited a strong protective antitumor immunity, and ensured almost complete long-term tumor-free survival of vaccinated mice.
Our results show that CDR3-based DNA fusion vaccines hold promise for vaccination against lymphoma.
Collapse
|
11
|
DNA vaccines: developing new strategies against cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:174378. [PMID: 20368780 PMCID: PMC2846346 DOI: 10.1155/2010/174378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their rapid and widespread development, DNA vaccines have entered into a variety of human clinical trials for vaccines against various diseases including cancer. Evidence that DNA vaccines are well tolerated and have an excellent safety profile proved to be of advantage as many clinical trials combines the first phase with the second, saving both time and money. It is clear from the results obtained in clinical trials that such DNA vaccines require much improvement in antigen expression and delivery methods to make them sufficiently effective in the clinic. Similarly, it is clear that additional strategies are required to activate effective immunity against poorly immunogenic tumor antigens. Engineering vaccine design for manipulating antigen presentation and processing pathways is one of the most important aspects that can be easily handled in the DNA vaccine technology. Several approaches have been investigated including DNA vaccine engineering, co-delivery of immunomodulatory molecules, safe routes of administration, prime-boost regimen and strategies to break the immunosuppressive networks mechanisms adopted by malignant cells to prevent immune cell function. Combined or single strategies to enhance the efficacy and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are applied in completed and ongoing clinical trials, where the safety and tolerability of the DNA platform are substantiated.
In this review on DNA vaccines, salient aspects on this topic going from basic research to the clinic are evaluated. Some representative DNA cancer vaccine studies are also discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nicolò C, Sali M, Di Sante G, Geloso MC, Signori E, Penitente R, Uniyal S, Rinaldi M, Ingrosso L, Fazio VM, Chan BMC, Delogu G, Ria F. Mycobacterium smegmatisExpressing a Chimeric Protein MPT64-Proteolipid Protein (PLP) 139–151 Reorganizes the PLP-Specific T Cell Repertoire Favoring a CD8-Mediated Response and Induces a Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:222-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
13
|
Chiarella P, Massi E, De Robertis M, Sibilio A, Parrella P, Fazio VM, Signori E. Electroporation of skeletal muscle induces danger signal release and antigen-presenting cell recruitment independently of DNA vaccine administration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1645-57. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.11.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|