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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W. The Power of the Underutilized and Neglected Medicinal Plants and Herbs of the Middle East. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:159-175. [PMID: 38409705 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871276544240212105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The Middle east and North Africa harbour many native species with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Since the beginning of history, food and herbal medicinal plants have been an essential part of human lives and the traditional Middle Eastern healthcare system. The notable medicinal plants that have been mentioned in the Bible, which are common in West Asia and some regions of North Africa, are Aloe vera, anise, balm, cassia, cinnamon, cumin, flax, and fig. Chemical components of Aloe vera are aloin, sinapinic acid, catechin, chromone, myricetin, quercitrin and syringic acid. Anethole, safrole, and estragole are the main chemical components of anise. The chemical components of cassia are coumarin, emodin, cinnamyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde. The major chemical ingredients of cumin are terpinene, cuminaldehyde, sabinene, thujene, and thymoquinone. The goal of this article is to review the considerable health benefits and pharmaceutical benefits of medicinal herbs and plants that have been neglected and underutilized in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as to promote their utilization. On the basis of the results, the experimented neglected medicinal plant can offer various advantages when used together with conventional medicinal treatments for various health conditions, such as palliative care in managing the side effects of conventional treatments, access to a wider range of treatments, increased patient satisfaction, and improved emotional and mental well-being. Moreover, consuming medicinal plants may help to manage and prevent diabetes, cancer, and heart disease with notable anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Cahusac PM, Veermalla A. Effects of camphor and related compounds on slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat sinus hair follicle. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:114-119. [PMID: 35899231 PMCID: PMC9310123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Camphor is a popular compound for therapeutic and cosmetic use with a distinctive odour, and somatosensory warming and cooling properties. The mechanisms for its action remain unclear. Objective The current study examined the effects of two enantiomers of camphor and related monoterpenoid compounds on mechanoreceptors. Methods Extracellular recordings were made in an in vitro bath preparation. Camphor, borneol, eugenol, carveol, and thymol were tested on the neural activity of St I and St II slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the rat vibrissal hair follicle preparation. Results All compounds tested (0.5 – 2 mM bath concentrations) resulted in dose-dependent depression of spontaneous and mechanically evoked firing (dynamic and static phases). The mean latency of responses also increased. Both St I and St II were similarly affected, although (-)-camphor had a greater depressant effect on St II than on St I units. Differences were found across the different compounds for their effect on the dynamic and static phases. Thymol was found to have the greatest depressant effect on these phases. The broad spectrum TRP blocker ruthenium red did not reverse the depressant effects of camphor. The depressant effects of the compounds appeared similar to those obtained using the local anaesthetic lignocaine. The depressant effects of camphor and of lignocaine were partially reversed by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Conclusions The results question whether the depressant effects of camphor and related compounds act through TRP channels. Perhaps the use of more selective blockers may reveal the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds act.
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Lu L, Xiong Y, Zhou J, Wang G, Mi B, Liu G. The Therapeutic Roles of Cinnamaldehyde against Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9177108. [PMID: 36254234 PMCID: PMC9569207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9177108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increase year by year, which pose a great threat on social economy and human health worldwide. Due to limited therapeutic benefits and associated adverse effects of current medications, there is an urgent need to uncover novel agents with favorable safety and efficacy. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a bioactive phytochemical isolated from the stem bark of Chinese herbal medicine Cinnamon and has been suggested to possess curative roles against the development of CVDs. This integrated review intends to summarize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features of CA and discuss the recent advances in underlying mechanisms and potential targets responsible for anti-CVD properties of CA. The CA-related cardiovascular protective mechanisms could be attributed to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism, regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, suppression of cardiac fibrosis, and platelet aggregation and promotion of vasodilation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, CA is likely to inhibit CVD progression via affecting other possible processes including autophagy and ER stress regulation, gut microbiota and immune homeostasis, ion metabolism, ncRNA expression, and TRPA1 activation. Collectively, experiments reported previously highlight the therapeutic effects of CA and clinical trials are advocated to offer scientific basis for the compound future applied in clinical practice for CVD prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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4
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Mulcahy MJ, Huard SM, Paulo JA, Wang JH, McKinney S, Marks MJ, Henderson BJ, Lester HA. Protein profiling in the habenula after chronic (-)-menthol exposure in mice. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1345-1358. [PMID: 34407206 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of proteins that are altered following nicotine/tobacco exposure can facilitate and positively impact the investigation of related diseases. In this report, we investigated the effects of chronic (-)-menthol exposure in 14 murine brain regions for changes in total β2 subunit protein levels and changes in epibatidine binding levels using immunoblotting and radioligand binding assays. We identified the habenula as a region of interest due to the region's marked decreases in β2 subunit and nAChR levels in response to chronic (-)-menthol alone. Thus, we further examined the habenula, a brain region associated with both the reward and withdrawal components of addiction, for additional protein level alterations using mass spectrometry. A total of 552 proteins with altered levels were identified after chronic (-)-menthol exposure. Enriched in the proteins with altered levels after (-)-menthol exposure were proteins associated with signaling, immune systems, RNA regulation, and protein transport. The continuation and expansion of the brain region-specific protein profiling in response to (-)-menthol will provide a better understanding of how this common flavorant in tobacco and e-liquid products may affect addiction and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Stephanie M Huard
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sheri McKinney
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Michael J Marks
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brandon J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Yoo S, Choi SI, Lee S, Song J, Yang C, Bang S, Kim SU, Min KH, Hwang SW. Endogenous TRPV4 Expression of a Hybrid Neuronal Cell Line N18D3 and Its Utilization to Find a Novel Synthetic Ligand. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:422-430. [PMID: 29090425 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary sensory afferent neurons detect environmental and painful stimuli at their peripheral termini. A group of transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs) are expressed in these neurons and constitute sensor molecules for the stimuli such as thermal, mechanical, and chemical insults. We examined whether a mouse sensory neuronal line, N18D3, shows the sensory TRP expressions and their functionality. In Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiology with these cells, putative TRPV4-mediated responses were observed. TRPV4-specific sensory modalities including sensitivity to a specific agonist, hypotonicity, or an elevated temperature were reproduced in N18D3 cells. Electrophysiological and pharmacological profiles conformed to those from native TRPV4 of primarily cultured neurons. The TRPV4 expression in N18D3 was also confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Thus, N18D3 cells may represent TRPV4-expressing sensory neurons. Further, using this cell lines, we discovered a novel synthetic TRPV4-specific agonist, MLV-0901. These results suggest that N18D3 is a reliable cell line for functional and pharmacological TRPV4 assays. The chemical information from the novel agonist will contribute to TRPV4-targeting drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, #722 Moonsook Bldg., Inchon-Ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-In Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, #722 Moonsook Bldg., Inchon-Ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Ro 84, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jiho Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Ro 84, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Chungmi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, #722 Moonsook Bldg., Inchon-Ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, #722 Moonsook Bldg., Inchon-Ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kyung Hoon Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Ro 84, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, #722 Moonsook Bldg., Inchon-Ro 73, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Oz M, El Nebrisi EG, Yang KHS, Howarth FC, Al Kury LT. Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:472. [PMID: 28769802 PMCID: PMC5513973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Menthol belongs to monoterpene class of a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals found in plant-derived essential oils. Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionary, oral hygiene products, pesticides, cosmetics, and as a flavoring agent. In addition, menthol is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Recently, there has been renewed awareness in comprehending the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol. TRP channels have been demonstrated to mediate the cooling actions of menthol. There has been new evidence demonstrating that menthol can significantly influence the functional characteristics of a number of different kinds of ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, indicating that at least some of the biological and pharmacological effects of menthol can be mediated by alterations in cellular excitability. In this article, we examine the results of earlier studies on the actions of menthol with voltage and ligand-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Eslam G El Nebrisi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang S Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman UniversityOrange, CA, United States
| | - Frank C Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina T Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed UniversityAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Selescu T, Ciobanu AC, Dobre C, Reid G, Babes A. Camphor Activates and Sensitizes Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) to Cooling and Icilin. Chem Senses 2013; 38:563-75. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bang S, Yoo S, Yang TJ, Cho H, Hwang SW. Nociceptive and pro-inflammatory effects of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate via TRPV4 activation. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1433-43. [PMID: 22300296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sensory neuronal and epidermal transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs) serve an important role as pain sensor molecules. While many natural and synthetic ligands for sensory TRPs have been identified, little is known about the endogenous activator for TRPV4. Recently, we reported that endogenous metabolites produced by the mevalonate pathway regulate the activities of sensory neuronal TRPs. Here, we show that dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), a substance produced by the same pathway is an activator of TRPV4. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effects of DMAPP on sensory TRPs using Ca²⁺ imaging and whole-cell electrophysiology experiments with a heterologous expression system (HEK293T cells transfected with individual TRP channels), cultured sensory neurons and keratinocytes. We then evaluated nociceptive behavioural and inflammatory changes upon DMAPP administration in mice in vivo. KEY RESULTS In the HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and keratinocytes, µM concentrations of DMAPP activated TRPV4. Agonistic and antagonistic potencies of DMAPP for other sensory TRP channels were examined and activation of TRPV3 by camphor was found to be inhibited by DMAPP. In vivo assays, intraplantar injection of DMAPP acutely elicited nociceptive flinches that were prevented by pretreatment with TRPV4 blockers, indicating that DMAPP is a novel pain-producing molecule through TRPV4 activation. Further, DMAPP induced acute inflammation and noxious mechanical hypersensitivities in a TRPV4-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, we found a novel sensory TRP acting metabolite and suggest that its use may help to elucidate the physiological role of TRPV4 in nociception and associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bang
- Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Bang S, Yoo S, Yang TJ, Cho H, Hwang SW. 17(R)-resolvin D1 specifically inhibits transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid 3 leading to peripheral antinociception. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:683-92. [PMID: 21718307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential ion channel vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is expressed in skin keratinocytes and plays an important role in thermal and chemical nociceptions in the periphery. The presence of TRPV3 inhibitors would improve our understanding of TRPV3 function and help to develop receptor-specific analgesics. However, little is known about physiological substances that specifically inhibit TRPV3 activity. Here, we investigated whether 17(R)-resolvin D1 (17R-RvD1), a naturally occurring pro-resolving lipid specifically affects TRPV3 activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of 17R-RvD1 on sensory TRP channels using Ca(2+) imaging and whole cell electrophysiology experiments in a HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and keratinocytes. We also examined changes in sensory TRP agonist-specific acute licking/flicking or flinching behaviours and mechanical and thermal pain behaviours using Hargreaves, Randall-Selitto and von Frey assay systems in the absence and presence of inflammation. KEY RESULTS We showed that 17R-RvD1 specifically suppresses TRPV3-mediated activity at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations. The voltage-dependence of TRPV3 activation by camphor was shifted rightwards by 17R-RvD1, which indicates its inhibitory mechanism is as a result of a shift in voltage-dependence. Consistently, TRPV3-specific acute pain behaviours were attenuated by locally injected 17R-RvD1. Moreover, the administration of 17R-RvD1 significantly reversed the thermal hypersensitivity that occurs during an inflammatory response. Knockdown of epidermal TRPV3 blunted these antinociceptive effects of 17R-RvD1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 17R-RvD1 is a novel natural inhibitory substance specific for TRPV3. The results of our behavioural studies suggest that 17R-RvD1 has acute analgesic potential via TRPV3-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bang
- Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Sensory Research Center, CRI, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Bang S, Yang TJ, Yoo S, Heo TH, Hwang SW. Inhibition of sensory neuronal TRPs contributes to anti-nociception by butamben. Neurosci Lett 2012; 506:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kageyama-Yahara N, Wang X, Katagiri T, Wang P, Yamamoto T, Tominaga M, Kadowaki M. Suppression of phospholipase Cγ1 phosphorylation by cinnamaldehyde inhibits antigen-induced extracellular calcium influx and degranulation in mucosal mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:283-8. [PMID: 22100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-IgE-mediated mucosal mast-cell activation is critical in the development of food allergies. Cinnamaldehyde, a major constituent of Cinnamomi cortex, dose-dependently inhibited the antigen-IgE-induced degranulation of mucosal-type bone-marrow derived mast cells (mBMMCs) and RBL-2H3 cells. Cinnamaldehyde also suppressed the elevation of the intracellular Ca(2+) level that is induced by the extracellular Ca(2+) influx in antigen-IgE-stimulated mBMMCs. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ1, which is a crucial activation switch for the intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in mast cells, was attenuated by cinnamaldehyde. Together, our results demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde suppressed the intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and the degranulation of mucosal mast cells by inhibiting the activity of the IgE receptor-PLCγ-Ca(2+) influx pathway. These findings suggest that cinnamaldehyde may have therapeutic potential in mucosal mast cell-related allergic diseases, such as food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kageyama-Yahara
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Bang S, Yoo S, Yang TJ, Cho H, Hwang SW. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a novel antinociceptive substance that inhibits TRPV3 and TRPA1 ion channels. Pain 2011; 152:1156-1164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bang S, Yoo S, Yang TJ, Cho H, Kim YG, Hwang SW. Resolvin D1 attenuates activation of sensory transient receptor potential channels leading to multiple anti-nociception. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:707-20. [PMID: 20880407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs) expressed in primary sensory neurons and skin keratinocytes play a crucial role as peripheral pain detectors. Many natural and synthetic ligands have been found to act on thermoTRPs, but little is known about endogenous compounds that inhibit these TRPs. Here, we asked whether resolvin D1 (RvD1), a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid molecule is able to affect the TRP channel activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of RvD1 on the six thermoTRPs using Ca(2+) imaging and whole cell electrophysiology experiments using the HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and HaCaT keratinocytes. We also checked changes in agonist-specific acute licking/flicking or flinching behaviours and TRP-related mechanical and thermal pain behaviours using Hargreaves, Randall-Selitto and von Frey assay systems with or without inflammation. KEY RESULTS RvD1 inhibited the activities of TRPA1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 at nanomolar and micromolar levels. Consistent attenuations in agonist-specific acute pain behaviours by immediate peripheral administration with RvD1 were also observed. Furthermore, local pretreatment with RvD1 significantly reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in inflamed tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RvD1 was a novel endogenous inhibitor for several sensory TRPs. The results of our behavioural studies suggest that RvD1 has an analgesic potential via these TRP-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bang
- Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ryu JJ, Yoo S, Kim KY, Park JS, Bang S, Lee SH, Yang TJ, Cho H, Hwang SW. Laser modulation of heat and capsaicin receptor TRPV1 leads to thermal antinociception. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1455-60. [PMID: 20935279 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510381394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Er,Cr:YSGG lasers are used clinically in dentistry. The advantages of laser therapy include minimal thermal damage and the alleviation of pain. This study examined whether the Er,Cr:YSGG laser has in vivo and in vitro antinociceptive effects in itself. In capsaicin-evoked acute licking/shaking tests and Hargreaves tests, laser irradiation with an aerated water spray suppressed nociceptive behavior in mice. Laser irradiation attenuated TRPV1 activation by capsaicin in Ca(2+) imaging experiments with TRPV1-overexpressing cells and cultured trigeminal neurons. Therefore, the laser-induced behavioral changes are probably due to the loss of TRPV1 activity. TRPV4 activity was also attenuated, but limited mechanical antinociception by the laser was observed. The laser failed to alter the other receptor functions, which indicates that the antinociceptive effect of the laser is dependent on TRPV1. These results suggest that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser has analgesic effects via TRPV1 inhibition. Such mechanistic approaches may help define the laser-sensitive pain modality and increase its beneficial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Ryu
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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Bang S, Yoo S, Yang TJ, Cho H, Hwang SW. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a novel pain-producing molecule via specific activation of TRPV3. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19362-71. [PMID: 20395302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.087742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs) expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and sensory afferents play an important role as peripheral pain detectors for our body. Many natural and synthetic compounds have been found to act on the thermoTRPs leading to altered nociception, but little is known about endogenous painful molecules activating TRPV3. Here, we show that farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), an intermediate metabolite in the mevalonate pathway, specifically activates TRPV3 among six thermoTRPs using Ca(2+) imaging and electrophysiology with cultured keratinocytes and TRPV3-overexpressing cells. Agonistic potencies of related compounds in the FPP metabolism were ignorable. Voltage-dependence of TRPV3 was shifted by FPP, which appears to be the activation mechanism. An intraplantar injection of FPP acutely elicits nociceptive behaviors in inflamed animals, indicating that FPP is a novel endogenous pain-producing substance via TRPV3 activation. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that this FPP-evoked signal in the keratinocytes is transmitted to sensory neurons. In addition, FPP reduced TRPV3 heat threshold resulting in heightened behavioral sensitivity to noxious heat. Taken together, our data suggest that FPP is the firstly identified endogenous TRPV3 activator that causes nociception. Our results may provide useful chemical information to elucidate TRPV3 physiology and novel pain-related metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsu Bang
- Korea University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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