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Ascunce K, Dhodapkar RM, Huang D, Hafler BP. Innate immune biology in age-related macular degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1118524. [PMID: 36926522 PMCID: PMC10011475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1118524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. While not classically described as an inflammatory disease, a growing body of evidence has implicated several components of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. In particular, complement activation, microglial involvement, and blood-retinal-barrier disruption have been shown to play key roles in disease progression, and subsequent vision loss. This review discusses the role of the innate immune system in age-related macular degeneration as well as recent developments in single-cell transcriptomics that help advance the understanding and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. We also explore the several potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration in the context of innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ascunce
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rahul M Dhodapkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deven Huang
- Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Brian P Hafler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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2
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High-Fat Diet Alters the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroidal Transcriptome in the Absence of Gut Microbiota. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132076. [PMID: 35805160 PMCID: PMC9266037 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationships between retinal disease, diet, and the gut microbiome have started to emerge. In particular, high-fat diets (HFDs) are associated with the prevalence and progression of several retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). These effects are thought to be partly mediated by the gut microbiome, which modulates interactions between diet and host homeostasis. Nevertheless, the effects of HFDs on the retina and adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid at the transcriptional level, independent of gut microbiota, are not well-understood. In this study, we performed the high-throughput RNA-sequencing of germ-free (GF) mice to explore the transcriptional changes induced by HFD in the RPE/choroid. After filtering and cleaning the data, 649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 616 genes transcriptionally upregulated and 33 genes downregulated by HFD compared to a normal diet (ND). Enrichment analysis for gene ontology (GO) using the DEGs was performed to analyze over-represented biological processes in the RPE/choroid of GF-HFD mice relative to GF-ND mice. GO analysis revealed the upregulation of processes related to angiogenesis, immune response, and the inflammatory response. Additionally, molecular functions that were altered involved extracellular matrix (ECM) binding, ECM structural constituents, and heparin binding. This study demonstrates novel data showing that HFDs can alter RPE/choroid tissue transcription in the absence of the gut microbiome.
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Szczepan M, Llorián-Salvador M, Chen M, Xu H. Immune Cells in Subretinal Wound Healing and Fibrosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:916719. [PMID: 35755781 PMCID: PMC9226489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.916719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The subretinal space is devoid of any immune cells under normal conditions and is an immune privileged site. When photoreceptors and/or retinal pigment epithelial cells suffer from an injury, a wound healing process will be initiated. Retinal microglia and the complement system, as the first line of retinal defense, are activated to participate in the wound healing process. If the injury is severe or persists for a prolonged period, they may fail to heal the damage and circulating immune cells will be summoned leading to chronic inflammation and abnormal wound healing, i.e., subretinal or intraretinal fibrosis, a sight-threatening condition frequently observed in rhematogenous retinal detachment, age-related macular degeneration and recurrent uveoretinitis. Here, we discussed the principles of subretinal wound healing with a strong focus on the conditions whereby the damage is beyond the healing capacity of the retinal defense system and highlighted the roles of circulating immune cells in subretinal wound healing and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Szczepan
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - María Llorián-Salvador
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Chen
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Heping Xu
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom,Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Heping Xu,
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4
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Orkodjo TP, Kranjac-Berisavijevic G, Abagale FK. Impact of climate change on future precipitation amounts, seasonal distribution, and streamflow in the Omo-Gibe basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09711. [PMID: 35756105 PMCID: PMC9228284 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study projected the impact of climate change on the amount of precipitation, seasonal distribution, and streamflow of the Omo-gibe basin, Ethiopia. Projections of climate change using the results of high-resolution multimodal ensembles from fifteen regional climate models (RCMs) of the Coordinated Regional Climate Reduction Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa were statistically downscaled and bias-adjusted using a quantile mapping approach. Precipitation and temperature were projected under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5 emission scenarios. Climate and streamflow projections from a mean ensemble of RCMs in the near future (2025–2050), medium future (2051–2075), and far future (2076–2100) were compared to the reference (1989–2019). Mann-Kendall (MK) trend testing was used to determine if a change is statistically significant and to detect trends in temperature, precipitation, and streamflow. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was used to project the impact of climate change on the streamflow. According to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the emission scenarios predicted significant positive (rising) temperature, but significant negative (decreasing) precipitation and streamflow. The average temperature projected increases range from 2.40-3.34 °C under the RCP 4.5 emission scenarios and 2.6–4.54 °C under the RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. Annual average precipitation projected decreases range between 10.77-13.11% under the RCP 4.5 emission scenario, while the RCP 8.5 emission scenarios decrease range between 11.10-13.86% in the rainy summer season (June–August) and the irregular rain season (March–May). Projected annual average streamflow decrease range between 7.08-10.99% under the RCP 4.5 emission scenarios and 10.98–12.88% under the RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. Results on projected temperature increases and reductions in precipitation and streamflow will help to develop effective adaptation measures to reduce the ongoing impacts of climate change and draw up long-term water resource management plans in the river basin. Both the results and the multidisciplinary approach will be vital to irrigation and hydropower project planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Paulos Orkodjo
- Faculty of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering, Insititute of Arba Minch Water Technology, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | - Gordana Kranjac-Berisavijevic
- Department of Agricultural Mechanisation & Irrigation Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, UDS, PO Box 1882, Nyankpala, Ghana
| | - Felix K Abagale
- Department of Environment, Water and Waste Engineering, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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5
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Host cell proteins induce inflammation and immunogenicity as adjuvants in an integrated analysis of in vivo and in vitro assay systems. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 103:106694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Transcriptomic Characterization of Human Choroidal Neovascular Membranes Identifies Calprotectin as a Novel Biomarker for Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1632-1642. [PMID: 32339498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies deciphering the transcriptional profile of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in body donor eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration are limited by the time span from death to preservation and the associated 5'-RNA degradation. This study therefore used CNV and control specimens that were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded immediately after surgical extraction and analyzed them by a 3'-RNA sequencing approach. Transcriptome profiles were analyzed to estimate content of immune and stromal cells and to define disease-associated gene signatures by using statistical and bioinformatics methods. This study identified 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly increased in CNV compared with control tissue. Cell type enrichment analysis revealed a diverse cellular landscape with an enrichment of endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, and natural killer T cells in the CNV. Gene ontology enrichment analysis found that DEGs contributed to blood vessel development, extracellular structure organization, response to wounding, and several immune-related terms. The S100 calcium-binding proteins A8 (S100A8) and A9 (S100A9) emerged among the top DEGs, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry on CNV tissue and protein analysis of vitreous samples. This study provides a high-resolution RNA-sequencing-based transcriptional signature of human CNV, characterizes its compositional pattern of immune and stromal cells, and reveals S100A8/A9 to be a novel biomarker and promising target for therapeutics and diagnostics directed at age-related macular degeneration.
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Role of Bioactive Sphingolipids in Inflammation and Eye Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:149-167. [PMID: 31562629 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common underlying factor in a diversity of ocular diseases, ranging from macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and microbial infection. In addition to the variety of known cellular mediators of inflammation, such as cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators, there is now considerable evidence that sphingolipid metabolites also play a central role in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Various sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and lactosylceramide (LacCer) can contribute to ocular inflammatory diseases through multiple pathways. For example, inflammation generates Cer from sphingomyelins (SM) in the plasma membrane, which induces death receptor ligand formation and leads to apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptor cells. Inflammatory stress by reactive oxygen species leads to LacCer accumulation and S1P secretion and induces proliferation of retinal endothelial cells and eventual formation of new vessels. In sphingolipid/lysosomal storage disorders, sphingolipid metabolites accumulate in lysosomes and can cause ocular disorders that have an inflammatory etiology. Sphingolipid metabolites activate complement factors in the immune-response mediated pathogenesis of macular degeneration. These examples highlight the integral association between sphingolipids and inflammation in ocular diseases.
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Krogh Nielsen M, Subhi Y, Molbech CR, Falk MK, Singh A, Nissen MH, Sørensen TL. Patients with a fast progression profile in geographic atrophy have increased CD200 expression on circulating monocytes. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 47:69-78. [PMID: 30047199 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Geographic atrophy (GA) is a progressing atrophy of the neuroretina with no treatment option. BACKGROUND Age-related malfunction of retinal microglia amplifies response towards age-related tissue stress in age-related macular degeneration. Here, we investigated monocyte CD200 expression - the circulating middleman negotiating retinal microglial activity - in a poorly understood subtype of age-related macular degeneration. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six patients with GA and 26 healthy controls were included. METHODS All participants were subjected to a structured interview and detailed retinal examination. Controls were recruited from patient's spouses accompanying them in the clinic to match the groups best possibly. Participants had no history of immune disorders or cancer, and did not receive any immune-modulating medication. Patients did not have any history or sign of choroidal neovascularization in either eye. Fresh drawn blood was stained with monoclonal antibodies and prepared for flow cytometry to evaluate CD200 expression in monocytes and their functional subsets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The percentage of CD200+ monocytes in patients and controls. RESULTS We found that monocytes were more CD200 positive in patients with GA compared to healthy age-matched controls. Then, we explored the potential relationship between CD200 expression and important fundus autofluorescence patterns that predict disease progression. Patients with a high risk of progression (patients with high degree of hyperautofluorescence) had distinctly increased CD200 expression compared to other patients with GA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our data reveals that abnormal monocytic CD200 expression is present in GA, and in particular among those identified as fast progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Krogh Nielsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher R Molbech
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads K Falk
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mogens H Nissen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Eye Research Unit, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben L Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tanno H, Kawakami K, Ritsu M, Kanno E, Suzuki A, Kamimatsuno R, Takagi N, Miyasaka T, Ishii K, Imai Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M. Contribution of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells to Skin Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3248-57. [PMID: 26468976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the contribution of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to the skin wound healing process. In iNKT cell-deficient (Jα18KO) mice lacking iNKT cells, wound closure was significantly delayed compared with wild-type mice. Collagen deposition, expression of α-smooth muscle actin and CD31, and wound breaking strength were significantly attenuated in Jα18KO mice. The adoptive transfer of liver mononuclear cells from wild-type but not from Jα18KO or interferon (IFN)-γ gene-disrupted (IFN-γKO) mice resulted in the reversal of this impaired wound healing in Jα18KO mice. IFN-γ expression was induced in the wounded tissues, which was significantly decreased at 6, 12, and 24 hours, but increased on day 3 after wounding in Jα18KO mice. The main source of the late-phase IFN-γ production in Jα18KO mice were neutrophils rather than NK cells and T cells. Administration of α-galactosylceramide, an activator of iNKT cells, resulted in the acceleration of wound healing on day 3 in wild-type mice. This effect was not observed in IFN-γKO mice. These results indicate that iNKT cells play important roles in wound healing. The iNKT cell-induced IFN-γ production may regulate the wound healing process in the early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masae Ritsu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rina Kamimatsuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Lee H, Schlereth SL, Park EY, Emami-Naeini P, Chauhan SK, Dana R. A novel pro-angiogenic function for interferon-γ-secreting natural killer cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2885-92. [PMID: 24713481 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the function of natural killer (NK) cells in inflammatory angiogenesis in mice. METHODS To study ocular angiogenic responses we used the cornea BFGF micropellet and the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse models (C57BL/6). To deplete NK cells in these models, we injected an anti-NK1.1 antibody or an isotype antibody as a control. Corneas or choroids were immunohistochemically stained for blood vessels (CD31), macrophages (F4/80), or CNV (isolectin-IB4). Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), IFN-γ, or TNF-α levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or flow cytometry. A coculture assay of macrophages, NK cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed morphometrically to examine the ability of NK cells to induce angiogenesis in vitro. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that in vivo depletion of NK cells leads to a significant reduction of corneal angiogenesis and CNV. Furthermore, NK cell depletion reduces macrophage infiltration into the cornea and mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGFR3 at day 7 after micropellet insertion. In the laser-induced CNV model, our data show that NK cell depletion leads to decreased areas of CNV and significantly reduced mRNA expression of VEGFs and IFN-γ in the choroid. An in vitro coculture assay shows an IFN-γ-dependent increase in VEGF expression levels, thereby increasing endothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel pro-angiogenic function for NK cells, indicating that IFN-γ-secreting NK cells can induce angiogenesis by promoting enhanced VEGF expression by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunSoo Lee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Chan AY, Mann SN, Chen H, Stone DU, Carr DJJ, Mandal NA. Sphingolipids in ocular inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:623-9. [PMID: 24664751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential to cell membrane structure and the development and maintenance of neural tissues. The role of bioactive sphingolipids has been established in numerous cellular events, including cell survival, growth, and apoptosis. Ocular inflammatory and autoimmune diseases involve activation and migration of endothelial cells, neovascularization, and infiltration of immune cells into various tissues. Clinically, the impact and role of sphingolipid-mediated signaling is increasingly being appreciated in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases ranging from multiple sclerosis to neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge and understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling associated with the pathogenesis of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,
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Chen H, Chan AY, Stone DU, Mandal NA. Beyond the cherry-red spot: Ocular manifestations of sphingolipid-mediated neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 59:64-76. [PMID: 24011710 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a ubiquitous membrane lipid present in every cell and found most abundantly in neural tissues. Disorders such as Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease are the most familiar examples of dysfunction in sphingolipid metabolism and are typically associated with neurodegeneration and ocular findings such as blindness. More recently, the role of bioactive sphingolipids has been established in a multitude of cellular events, including cell survival, growth, senescence and apoptosis, inflammation, and neovascularization. We discuss our current knowledge and understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Annie Y Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nawajes A Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Hasegawa E, Sonoda KH, Shichita T, Morita R, Sekiya T, Kimura A, Oshima Y, Takeda A, Yoshimura T, Yoshida S, Ishibashi T, Yoshimura A. IL-23-independent induction of IL-17 from γδT cells and innate lymphoid cells promotes experimental intraocular neovascularization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1778-87. [PMID: 23319736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a characteristic of age-related macular degeneration. Genome-wide association studies have provided evidence that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration; however, the role of inflammatory cytokines in CNV has not been established. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-17 had a strong potential for promoting neovascularization in a vascular endothelial growth factor-independent manner in laser-induced experimental CNV in mice. Infiltrated γδT cells and Thy-1(+) innate lymphoid cells, but not Th17 cells, were the main sources of IL-17 in injured eyes. IL-23 was dispensable for IL-17 induction in the eye. Instead, we found that IL-1β and high-mobility group box 1 strongly promoted IL-17 expression by γδT cells. Suppression of IL-1β and high-mobility group box 1, as well as depletion of γδT cells, reduced IL-17 levels and ameliorated experimental CNV. Our findings suggest the existence of a novel inflammatory cytokine network that promotes neovascularization in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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14
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NK cells in healthy aging and age-associated diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:195956. [PMID: 23251076 PMCID: PMC3517269 DOI: 10.1155/2012/195956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells exhibit the highest cytotoxic capacity within the immune system. Alteration of their number or functionality may have a deep impact on overall immunity. This is of particular relevance in aging where the elderly population becomes more susceptible to infection, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases amongst others. As the fraction of elderly increases worldwide, it becomes urgent to better understand the aging of the immune system to prevent and cure the elderly population. For this, a better understanding of the function and phenotype of the different immune cells and their subsets is necessary. We review here NK cell functions and phenotype in healthy aging as well as in various age-associated diseases.
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Hasegawa E, Oshima Y, Takeda A, Saeki K, Yoshida H, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. IL-27 inhibits pathophysiological intraocular neovascularization due to laser burn. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 91:267-73. [PMID: 22045869 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AMD is the most common disease leading to acquired blindness in developed countries. CNV is the foremost cause of AMD and is thought to be induced by regional inflammation as a result of age-related conformational changes of the chorioretinal interface. Here, we show that IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family, has an angiostatic effect and regulates the development of laser-induced experimental CNV in mice. In this model, IL-27 expression increased in the damaged choroid and peaked at the 24 h-time-point. IL-27 neutralization, induced by inoculating an antagonistic antibody into the vitreous cavity, enhanced VEGF production and the extent of CNV. By contrast, the administration of rIL-27 reduced VEGF production and the extent of CNV. Mice deficient in the EBI3, which lack IL-27, also showed more CNV than C57BL/6 mice, and this was reduced by IL-27 supplementation. We additionally investigated the effect of IL-27 on the function of macrophages, which play a critical role in CNV. IL-27 did not affect macrophage migration but inhibited its VEGF production. IL-27 therefore appears to regulate CNV and is a promising candidate target for treating sight-threatening diseases caused by ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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